Espoo shootings: A failure of restraint

Argues that focus on the immigrant status of the Espoo shooter deflects attention from the failure of the relevant authorities to effectively respond to a foreseeable threat to public safety. Response to public discussion of New Year's Day shootings in Espoo shopping mall.

Energy efficiency with natural ventilation: a case study

Application of laboratory analogue modelling of air flow in a naturally ventilated shopping mall is reviewed in this paper. A detailed study of the ventilation was undertaken to establish the principles and to explore how natural ventilation might interact with a localised mechanical ventilation system designed to enhance the cooling of a high density food court area. The case study is used to show how the combination of laboratory modelling and simplified mathematical modelling enables one to rapidly identify the various flow regimes which can occur, to quantify the resultant flows and mean temperatures and to thereby develop appropriate ventilation strategies for the different external conditions which occur through the year.

Determinação de compostos monoaromáticos voláteis provenientes de emissões de veículos leves, em estacionamentos subterrâneos.

Este trabalho visa determinar a contribuição das emissões evaporativas provenientes dos veículos leves de passageiro, para a degradação da qualidade do ar atmosférico. O objetivo principal é avaliar as concentrações compostos monoaromáticos voláteis Benzeno, Tolueno, Etilbenzeno e Xilenos (BTEX) em ambientes confinados, sendo este realizado em um local que caracterize a realidade da frota veicular da Região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. As amostras foram coletadas em um estacionamento subterrâneo de um Shopping Center da zona norte do Rio de Janeiro, através do sistema de amostragem ativa, utilizando cartucho de carvão ativo como adsorvente. As amostras foram extraídas com solvente orgânico e analisadas posteriormente por Cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CGEM). As médias dos resultados obtidos foram 52,7 g.m-3 para o benzeno, 203,6 g.m-3 para o tolueno, 44,6 g.m-3 para o etilbenzeno, 115,7 g.m-3 para os xilenos, sendo o tolueno o composto encontrado em maior abundância. Esses resultados foram comparados com resultados encontrados na literatura de emissões veiculares em ambientes confinados como garagens e túneis. Foi investigada a correlação com as emissões do veículo em movimento, obtidas através de estudos previamente realizados em um túnel de grande circulação e as emissões obtidas no estacionamento subterrâneo. Através desses dados ficou demonstrada diferença das fontes de emissão.

Application of Heuristic Evaluation Method by Universal Design Experts

This study highlights how heuristic evaluation as a usability evaluation method can feed into current building design practice to conform to universal design principles. It provides a definition of universal usability that is applicable to an architectural design context. It takes the seven universal design principles as a set of heuristics and applies an iterative sequence of heuristic evaluation in a shopping mall, aiming to achieve a cost-effective evaluation process. The evaluation was composed of three consecutive sessions. First, five evaluators from different professions were interviewed regarding the construction drawings in terms of universal design principles. Then, each evaluator was asked to perform the predefined task scenarios. In subsequent interviews, the evaluators were asked to re-analyze the construction drawings. The results showed that heuristic evaluation could successfully integrate universal usability into current building design practice in two ways: (i) it promoted an iterative evaluation process combined with multi-sessions rather than relying on one evaluator and on one evaluation session to find the maximum number of usability problems, and (ii) it highlighted the necessity of an interdisciplinary ad hoc committee regarding the heuristic abilities of each profession. A multi-session and interdisciplinary heuristic evaluation method can save both the project budget and the required time, while ensuring a reduced error rate for the universal usage of the built environments.

Optimal Route Search with the Coverage of Users' Preferences

The preferences of users are important in route search and planning. For example, when a user plans a trip within a city, their preferences can be expressed as keywords shopping mall, restaurant, and museum, with weights 0.5, 0.4, and 0.1, respectively. The resulting route should best satisfy their weighted preferences. In this paper, we take into account the weighted user preferences in route search, and present a keyword coverage problem, which finds an optimal route from a source location to a target location such that the keyword coverage is optimized and that the budget score satisfies a specified constraint. We prove that this problem is NP-hard. To solve this complex problem, we pro- pose an optimal route search based on an A* variant for which we have defined an admissible heuristic function. The experiments conducted on real-world datasets demonstrate both the efficiency and accu- racy of our proposed algorithms.

Projecto de execução do centro comercial Mercado da Praia: Cidade da Praia: Cabo Verde

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil

How to increase and attract more tourists into Kenya throught experiental marketing

This marketing plan project is a culmination of extensive strategies with the use of experiential marketing to address issues confronting the Kenyan tourism industry in order to have a sustainable tourism sector. Following the terrorist attack carried out by Islamist militants’ belonging to al-Shabaab terrorist organization on Nairobi’s Westgate shopping mall in September 2013, tourist forecast has gone down sharply with an average of 20% fall in tourists’ arrivals which is likely to have an impact on the tourism sector in Kenya. Even before the deadly attack on Westgate, the most lethal attack by Islamist terrorists in 15 years in Kenya, the government through the Kenya tourist board had announced that in 2013 tourist arrivals were down by 12%, at 495,978, according to an October 2013 report by Bloomberg. Tourism revenues were also down by 7.4%, over FY12/13 (July-June) to reach KES96.24bn, according to a September 2013 report on the local Capital FM website. Beyond 2013, much will depend on how quickly the Kenya tourist board can regain control of the situation. The Kenyan government believes that the Westgate mall attack was a 'one-off' incident, with a low probability of a similar event happening again over the short term period. Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Italy, France and Canada continue to be the key source market however; the Kenya tourist board can make continued growth stronger from new emerging markets in order to increase new arrivals into the country. The marketing plan outlines the objectives to be implemented and provides the implementation strategy, activity plans, monitoring and evaluation plans, financial requirements projections and proposes a new structure of experiential marketing. A number of regional forces are identified that will impact tourism into the country including global, social and economic forces, emerging trends in visitor motivations and behavior, emerging forces in experiential marketing. A major component of the strategy identifies target markets for Kenya to commensurate with the level of resources that will be available for marketing and promotion, in keeping with the forces and trends identified and the nature of the Kenya tourism environment. The agreed upon target market segments are: generic/mass travel, experiential travel, creative travel, adventure seeking travel, senior/extended/long stay travel, and business related travel. The strategy phases the development of the target markets over the years of the marketing strategies in order to yield the best opportunity for results. A core activity in developing a marketing strategy is determining the nature of experiences Kenya offers in tourism. The strategy’s experience development process will continue to develop within the context of the products identified which will be promoted regionally: culture/heritage, nature, community-based. Each county in the country has a significant number of attractions and experiences and the challenge of the country is to bring these together in a creative and innovative way in order to encourage tourists to visit more than one county in Kenya.

Physical access for persons with disabilities

For persons with disabilities, the activities that able-bodied people take for granted can be major, often insurmountable challenges. Attempting to enter a restaurant for lunch with friends can result in lengthy and adversarial litigation if the facility is not accessible to a person with a disability or other mobility impairment. This litigation would be initiated after the individual was effectively refused service; a refusal based on hislher personal physical characteristics. If a shopping mall is not equipped with "access amenities", then the disabled person may be excluded from shopping there and thus exercising consumer freedom. If workplaces are not equipped to accommodate the access needs of persons with disabilities, then those people are effectively barred from gainful employment there. If a municipal goveniment building is inaccessible to disabled persons, then they may be excluded from participating in council meetings. These are all activities that the majority of the population enjoys as a matter of course, in that they represent the functions of a free citizen in a free society. If a person is excluded from such activities because of some personal characteristic, then that person is subjected to differential or discr~minatory treatment. The guarantees provided in Canadian feden! and provincial rights legislation, are such that people are not to be discriminated againsL Where buildings and facilities othen\iise open to the public are not accessible for persens with disabilities, then those people are being discriminated against. To challenge these discriminatory practices, individuals initiate complaints through the administrative justice system. To address the extent to which this is a problem, many sources were consulted. Constitutional lawyers, tribunal members, advocates for the disabled and land use planners were interviewed. Case law and legislation were reviewed. Literature on citizenship theory, dispute resolution and dispute avoidance was compiled and assessed. And, the field of land use planning was analyzed (drawing on the WTiter's educational and experiential background) as a possible alternative method for effecting systemic access for persons with disabilities. The conclusion of this study is that there does exist a proactive method for assuring access, a method that can apply the systemic remedy needed to deal with this problem. The current method, which is an adversarial and piecemeal complaint process, has proven ineffective in remedying this discrimination problem~ Failure to provide an appropriate remedy means that persons with disabilities will not enjoy the degree of citizen status enjoyed by the able-bodied. This is the current circumstance, and since equity is the aim of rights legislation, and since such legislative and administrative frameworks have failed in that purpose, then an alternative method is necessary. An alternative model is the one in which land use planning is based. It has conflict avoidance and conflict minimization as underpinnings. And, most importantly, land use planning is already a proyen method of combatting discrimination.

Sermons In Stones. Argument And Artefact For Sustainability

The focus of the study is on the values, priorities and arguments needed to advance ‘design for sustainability’. The discussion critiques conventions related to innovation and technology and offers a product design approach that emphasises minimal intervention, integrated thinking-and-doing, reinstating the familiar, localization and the particularities of place. These interdependent themes are discussed in terms of their relationship to design for sustainability and are clarified through the conceptualization, design, production and use of a simple functional object that is, essentially, a ‘symbolic sustainable artefact’. Although it is fully functional, its practical usefulness in contemporary society would probably be seen as marginal. Its potential contribution is as a symbol of an alternative direction. It asks us to consider aspects of our humanity that are beyond instrumental approaches. It challenges sustainable initiatives that become so caught up in practical and environmental concerns that they fail to question the underlying values, priorities and social drivers which affect how we act in the world; those behaviours and norms that have created the very problems we are so urgently trying to tackle. The discussion is accompanied by a parallel series of photographs that document the relationship between argument, locale and the creation of the conceptual artefact. These photographs convey some of the qualitative differences between the place of much contemporary artefact acquisition, i.e. the shopping mall, and the particular locale that yielded the artefact created during this study; they are also useful in conveying the potential relationship that exist between place and the aesthetics of functional objects.

Plan de negocios para la creación de una empresa dedicada a la atención, entrenamiento, estética y cuidado de los perros como mascota, ubicada en un centro comercial de la ciudad de Bogotá

Descripción del Negocio Kinderpup es una guardería para perros como mascota ubicada en el centro comercial Unicentro en la ciudad de Bogotá, creada para atender las necesidades de las personas propietarias de éstas mascotas, las cuales presentan inconvenientes al dar un paseo por varios lugares en los cuales no es permitido el acceso de estos animales. Los lugares más comunes son los centros comerciales, y es precisamente por esto que el proyecto se concentra en este tipo de establecimientos. El objetivo es ofrecer tranquilidad y comodidad a los usuarios de nuestros servicios, brindando atención y cariño a sus mascotas y entendiéndolas como parte importante de las familias. Para cumplir con nuestro objetivo, Kinderpup contará con personal calificado siempre dispuesto a prestar servicios de guardería, veterinaria, peluquería y entrenamiento, esenciales para mantener a las mascotas saludables, hermosas y felices. El servicio de peluquería incluye corte de pelo, arreglo de uñas y dientes; entrenamiento, incluye salida a pasear alrededor del centro comercial y adiestramiento por un entrenador capacitado. El servicio veterinario incluye diagnostico, historia clínica del canino, revisión general y recomendaciones. También se cuenta con artículos para la venta, concentrado y productos de estética animal, que podrán ser adquiridos por los usuarios de las mascotas en la sede de Kinderpup. Mercado En Colombia actualmente no existe un espacio adecuado para atender a las mascotas en los centros comerciales, aún se mantiene prohibido el acceso de animales a estos establecimientos y las personas propietarias de mascotas que frecuentan estos lugares plantean la necesidad de proporcionar un espacio para que puedan dejar sus animales allí. Dado a lo que sugiere el mercado potencial y a la localización central del centro comercial Unicentro, se da la oportunidad de ofrecer diferentes servicios además de guardería a las personas de estratos 4, 5 y 6 que frecuentan los centros comerciales y que necesitan un lugar de confianza para dejar a sus mascotas cuando tengan que salir y no los puedan llevar, quieran peluquear a su perro o adiestrarlo. De igual manera, este servicio es muy beneficioso para las personas que viven alrededor del centro comercial debido a que durante la semana tienen la preocupación de dejar a su mascota sola en casa o con una persona inexperta. Según el estudio de mercados, existe un porcentaje interesante de personas que visitan los establecimientos comerciales en fines de semana, el 26% de 100 personas encuestadas asisten al centro comercial entre 2 y 3 veces al mes y el 22%, van 4 veces al mes, además el 44% de los encuestados dicen que el centro comercial de su preferencia es Unicentro y una cifra todavía más significativa es que el 78% de las personas llevarían a su perro al centro comercial si esto no fuera prohibido. Operaciones El ciclo de servicio comienza a partir de que el cliente se acerca a solicitar información en la recepción de Kinderpup, al recibir un volante publicitario o comunicándose con nosotros por teléfono o email. A partir del momento en que las personas deseen dejar su mascota a nuestro cuidado, se procede a un acercamiento con la mascota que le proporcione tranquilidad tanto a la mascota como a su amo y, a continuación se ejecuta el servicio indicado según el caso. Equipo de Gestión El equipo gestor de Kinderpup estará formado por los siguientes integrantes:  Silvia Valencia: Veterinaria, responsable de asesorar sobre el cuidado de las mascotas, las normas de higiene y protección y administrar la guardería.  José Segura: Promotor de ventas encargado de hacer los contactos con las empresas proveedoras, agencias de publicidad y Unicentro.  Ana María Romero: Directora encargada de dirigir a los empleados y de planear las estrategias de mercadeo y competitividad. Viabilidad económica La inversión a realizar es de $47’599.463, financiados en un 60% por una entidad financiera, se asume un incremento en ventas del 4% según la investigación de mercados, además un aumento de los costos y precios en un 3%. Tras este análisis podemos identificar los principales indicadores financieros que nos guiaran en la toma de decisión acerca de la viabilidad del mismo: Los flujos de caja que tenemos para obtener los anteriores indicativos son los siguientes: 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 $ -47.599.463,20 $ 17.056.542,57 $ 13.744.893,02 $ 25.924.959,20 $ 39.316.390,43 $ 52.499.868,67

Mobility of people with retinitis pigmentosa as a function of vision and psychological variables

We investigated the mobility performance of subjects with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) as a function of clinical measures of residual vision and psychological variables. We found a highly significant correlation between clinical measures of residual vision and mobility. Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity and residual visual field together explained 64% of the variance in mobility performance in an indoor shopping mall. We suggest a simple new clinical method of scoring the visual field for predicting mobility performance, the RP Concentric Field Rating. The RP Concentric Field Rating alone explained 60% of the variance in mobility performance. In spite of expectations derived from reading the recent literature, we did not find a significant correlation between psychological variables and mobility performance in a group of subjects with RP.

Multitasking: multiple, domain-specific cognitive functions in a virtual environment

Multitasking among three or more different tasks is a ubiquitous requirement of everyday cognition, yet rarely is it addressed in research on healthy adults who have had no specific training in multitasking skills. Participants completed a set of diverse subtasks within a simulated shopping mall and office environment, the Edinburgh Virtual Errands Test (EVET). The aim was to investigate how different cognitive functions, such as planning, retrospective and prospective memory, and visuospatial and verbal working memory, contribute to everyday multitasking. Subtasks were chosen to be diverse, and predictions were derived from a statistical model of everyday multitasking impairments associated with frontal-lobe lesions (Burgess, Veitch, de Lacy Costello, & Shallice, 2000b). Multiple regression indicated significant independent contributions from measures of retrospective memory, visuospatial working memory, and online planning, but not from independent measures of prospective memory or verbal working memory. Structural equation modelling showed that the best fit to the data arose from three underlying constructs, with Memory and Planning having a weak link, but with both having a strong directional pathway to an Intent construct that reflected implementation of intentions. Participants who followed their preprepared plan achieved higher scores than those who altered their plan during multitask performance. This was true regardless of whether the plan was efficient or poor. These results substantially develop and extend the Burgess et al. (2000b) model to healthy adults and yield new insight into the poorly understood area of everyday multitasking. The findings also point to the utility of using virtual environments for investigating this form of complex human cognition.

Iguatemi: creating opportunities for international luxury brands in Brazil

The Brazilian luxury goods market has been registering substantial growth with many international brands establishing presence in the country. When entering the market, the perfect location seems for most of them to be found in Iguatemi Group’s Shopping Malls. This research focuses the topic of Luxury Market and Retail, in the form of a case study on Iguatemi Group, which tries to understand How is Iguatemi Group creating opportunities for International Luxury Brands in Brazil? To understand the context of the case, the text explores the Brazilian market evolution, its attraction factors and challenges, the location choice methodology used by international luxury brands, and finally, how is the Iguatemi Group creating opportunities for these brands in Brazil. For doing so, a multiple-methods approach was followed so to achieve a non-biased result. In-depth interviews were conducted with Iguatemi’s managers, international luxury brands’ managers and experts in luxury market and retail; non-participant observation was held, and documentation was examined. The research found that the entry of International Luxury Brands in Brazil started about 20 years ago, mainly explained by the positive structural economic reforms Brazil experienced in this period. 60% of the studied brands chose São Paulo’s Iguatemi malls as first location, in particular Iguatemi São Paulo and JK Iguatemi. The preference over these locations relies mainly on the reputation of the Iguatemi brand and on its positioning in the market which seems to be aligned to that of these brands. From its side, Iguatemi has started actively gathering international luxury brands into the market since 15 years ago, and has intensified its action by creating iRetail, an internal company to the group representing some international luxury brands in Brazil, which have, thus, exclusive locations in its malls. The role of Iguatemi, hence, goes beyond that of a real estate company, by approaching the market with a 360° strategy. These findings contribute for academic purposes, in the extent to which they propose a so far rather unexplored topic, and for managerial purposes by describing a best practice in the shopping center sector. However, the study does not mean to be generalized. Consumers’ perspectives on Iguatemi Group were not addressed; rather, the research took a business to business approach.

Dramaturgien der Wirklichkeit: Dokumentarfilme im Theater

Die Wirklichkeit ist durchdrungen von dramaturgischen Erzählmustern. Parallel dazu verschwinden Mythen und Utopien aus dem Theater und wandern in die Medien ab. Zeitgenössische Theateraufführungen verwenden dokumentarische Filmstoffe und Dokumentarfilme nutzen theatrale Formen: Dramaturgien sind austauschbar. Das Buch liefert eine Methodik, die das Beziehungsgefüge zwischen theatralen Phänomenen im Alltag, ihrer medialen Verwertung im Dokumentarfilm und der Transformation dieser Dokumentarfilme auf dem Theater klärt. Ausgangspunkt des dramaturgischen Vergleichs bilden zwei Dokumentarfilme, die als Vorlage von Theaterinszenierungen dienten: Die Dekonstruktion des nationalen Mythos eines gefallenen Skihelden; die verkaufte Utopie der idealen Stadt als Shopping-Mall. Am 8. Dezember 2002 stürzt der Skirennfahrer Silvano Beltrametti bei der Abfahrt in Val-d’Isère und ist seither querschnittgelähmt. Ein Jahr nach seinem Unfall strahlt das Schweizer Fernsehen den Dokumentarfilm «Silvano Beltrametti – Mit kleinen Siegen zurück ins Leben» aus. Der Film zeichnet das Bild eines Optimisten, der trotz Behinderung im Herzen ein Sportler bleibt. 2004 bringt das Theaterkollektiv 400asa den Dokumentarfilm auf die Bühne und hinterfragt mit der Aufführung «B. Ein Stück über Sport und Behinderung» den nationalen Mythos des gefallenen Helden. Doch nicht nur in der Welt des Sports können dramaturgische Wirkungsstrategien nachgewiesen werden. Harun Farocki zeigt in seinem Dokumentarfilm «Die Schöpfer der Einkaufswelten» den inszenatorischen Gestaltungsprozess, der der Entstehung einer Shopping-Mall vorausgeht. In der gleichnamigen Theaterinszenierung versetzt Tom Kühnel die akribische Planung der Malls ins maoistische China und verkehrt die Utopie der idealen Einkaufsstadt in ein buntes Spektakel.

O valor percebido de loja pelos clientes, na perspectiva dos benefícios, como antecedente de sua lealdade à loja

O shopping center ainda é, sem dúvida nenhuma, um local atraente para os clientes realizarem suas compras. O mix de lojas presentes neste modal varejista, responsável pela oferta de serviços como estacionamento, entretenimento, alimentação, além de uma gama interminável de todo tipo de mercadoria que se possa imaginar, é o responsável por atrair, todos os dias, milhares de clientes para seu interior. Não obstante todas essas facilidades, os lojistas de shopping centers estão enfrentando uma forte concorrência de outros modais varejistas como as vendas diretas (por meio de demonstradores), as compras eletrônicas; a venda automática (por meio das máquinas de venda) e os serviços de compras (varejo sem loja que atende a clientes específicos). Em função disso, este trabalho propôs-se a discutir como as lojas poderiam atrair uma maior atenção de seus clientes por intermédio do valor percebido por eles. Este valor, sob a perspectiva do benefício, deriva da avaliação global do cliente quanto às vantagens que ele ganha ao ponderar os benefícios e os sacrifícios percebidos quando adquire produtos. Tais sacrifícios podem ser de ordem não monetária (custos de transação, pesquisa, negociação, tempo incorrido na aquisição do produto etc.). Também se estudou o impacto deste valor na fidelização do cliente a certa loja. Após extensa consulta bibliográfica sobre os conceitos apresentados, adotou-se a metodologia do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) para se analisar os resultados obtidos na coleta dos dados por meio de entrevista com clientes fiéis de lojas situadas em shoppings. O DSC apoia-se na teoria da representação social, de Jodelet, segundo a qual grupos sociais específicos compartilham ideias e valores comuns em um dado momento. Ele busca, portanto, estabelecer um caminho sistemático para descobrir estas representações sociais destes grupos específicos no que tange aos temas propostos. Os resultados apresentados revelaram que o ambiente da loja e sua imagem influenciaram, muito positivamente, a percepção dos clientes como atributos importantes para se gerar valor percebido, enquanto o prestígio e o local onde a loja está situada dentro do shopping foram avaliados por eles como características medianamente influenciadoras neste sentido. Além disso, verificou-se que o valor percebido pelo cliente influencia, positivamente, em sua decisão de se tornar fiel a determinada loja. No final, foram lembradas ações de marketing que poderiam ser desenvolvidas pelos gestores de loja a fim de alavancarem o valor de loja percebido pelo cliente, na perspectiva dos benefícios, vital à sua fidelização.