Fingerprint analysis of eucommia bark by LC-DAD and LC-MS with the aid of chemometrics

Chromatographic fingerprints of 46 Eucommia Bark samples were obtained by liquid chromatography-diode array detector (LC-DAD). These samples were collected from eight provinces in China, with different geographical locations, and climates. Seven common LC peaks that could be used for fingerprinting this common popular traditional Chinese medicine were found, and six were identified as substituted resinols (4 compounds), geniposidic acid and chlorogenic acid by LC-MS. Principal components analysis (PCA) indicated that samples from the Sichuan, Hubei, Shanxi and Anhui—the SHSA provinces, clustered together. The other objects from the four provinces, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Gansu and Henan, were discriminated and widely scattered on the biplot in four province clusters. The SHSA provinces are geographically close together while the others are spread out. Thus, such results suggested that the composition of the Eucommia Bark samples was dependent on their geographic location and environment. In general, the basis for discrimination on the PCA biplot from the original 46 objects× 7 variables data matrix was the same as that for the SHSA subset (36 × 7 matrix). The seven marker compound loading vectors grouped into three sets: (1) three closely correlating substituted resinol compounds and chlorogenic acid; (2) the fourth resinol compound identified by the OCH3 substituent in the R4 position, and an unknown compound; and (3) the geniposidic acid, which was independent of the set 1 variables, and which negatively correlated with the set 2 ones above. These observations from the PCA biplot were supported by hierarchical cluster analysis, and indicated that Eucommia Bark preparations may be successfully compared with the use of the HPLC responses from the seven marker compounds and chemometric methods such as PCA and the complementary hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA).

Emergency department in hospitals, a window of the world : a preliminary comparison between Australia and China

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to make a preliminary comparison of emergency department (ED) presentations between Australia and China. The comparison could provide insights into the health systems and burden of diseases and potentially stimulate discussion about the development of acute health system in China. METHODS: An observational study was performed to compare Australian ED presentations using data obtained from a single adult tertiary-referral teaching hospital in metropolitan Brisbane against Chinese ED presentations using public domain information published in existing Chinese and international medical journals. RESULTS: There are major differences in ED presentations between Australia and China. In 2008, 1) 35.4% of patients arrived at a tertiary teaching hospital ED in Brisbane, Australia by ambulance; 2) 1.7% were treated for poisoning; 3) 1.4% for cerebral vascular disease; 4) 1.7% for cardiac disease; and 5) 42.6% for trauma. The top events diagnosed were mental health problems including general psychiatric examination, psychiatric review, alcohol abuse, and counselling for alcohol abuse, which accounted for 5.5% of all ED presentations. Among ED patients in China, 6.7% arrived at a tertiary teaching hospital by ambulance in Shenyang in 1997; 3.7% were treated for poisoning in Shanxi Zhouzhi County People's Hospital ED in 2006; 14.9% for cerebral vascular diseases at Qinghai People's Hospital ED in 1993-1995; 1.7% for cardiac diseases at the Second People's Hospital ED, Shenzhen Longgang in 1993; and 44.3% for trauma at Shanxi Zhouzhi County People's Hospital ED in 2006. The top events were trauma and poisoning among the young and cerebral infarction in the older population. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with Australian, Chinese ED patients had 1) lower ambulance usage; 2) higher proportion of poisoning; 3) higher proportion of cerebral vascular diseases; 4) similar proportion of cardiac disease; 5) similar proportion of trauma; and 6) little reported mental health problems. Possible explanations for these differences in China include a pay for service pre-hospital care system, lack of public awareness about poisons, inadequate hypertension management, and lack of recognition of mental health problems.

Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse among 2508 college students in 6 provinces of China [中国6省市2508名大学生儿童期性虐待经历回顾性调查]

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in college students and to explore the association of CSA with youth mental health problem. METHODS A retrospective survey was conducted among 2508 students (females 1360, males 1148) in Nov. 2003 to Mar. 2004. The students were from 6 colleges/universities in Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Shaanxi and Anhui provinces of China. RESULTS Of the 2508 students, 24.8% of females and 17.6% of males reported one or more types of nonphysical contact CSA (females 20.0% vs. males 14.6%) or/and physical contact CSA (females 14.1% vs. males 7.8%) before the age of 16 years. Risk of any CSA was not associated with the existence of siblings (one-child vs. two-or more child families), rural/non-rural residence during childhood, or parental education. Compared with their peers who had no CSA, the students with CSA showed significantly higher mean scores of psychological symptoms of somatization, obsessiveness, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism. CONCLUSION The problem of CSA was not uncommon and there was a significant correlation between CSA experience and students mental health problems. More attention should be paid on CSA prevention and provision of health services for the victims.

A high performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry method for the analysis of the natural medicine, Forsythia suspensa

Samples of Forsythia suspensa from raw (Laoqiao) and ripe (Qingqiao) fruit were analyzed with the use of HPLC-DAD and the EIS-MS techniques. Seventeen peaks were detected, and of these, twelve were identified. Most were related to the glucopyranoside molecular fragment. Samples collected from three geographical areas (Shanxi, Henan and Shandong Provinces), were discriminated with the use of hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), discriminant analysis (DA), and principal component analysis (PCA) models, but only PCA was able to provide further information about the relationships between objects and loadings; eight peaks were related to the provinces of sample origin. The supervised classification models-K-nearest neighbor (KNN), least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM), and counter propagation artificial neural network (CP-ANN) methods, indicated successful classification but KNN produced 100% classification rate. Thus, the fruit were discriminated on the basis of their places of origin.

Fermions in synthetic non-Abelian gauge potentials: rashbon condensates to novel Hamiltonians

Recent advances in the generation of synthetic gauge fields in cold atomic systems have stimulated interest in the physics of interacting bosons and fermions in them. In this paper, we discuss interacting two-component fermionic systems in uniform non-Abelian gauge fields that produce a spin-orbit interaction and uniform spin potentials. Two classes of gauge fields discussed include those that produce a Rashba spin-orbit interaction and the type of gauge fields (SM gauge fields) obtained in experiments by the Shanxi and MIT groups. For high symmetry Rashba gauge fields, a two-particle bound state exists even for a vanishingly small attractive interaction described by a scattering length. Upon increasing the strength of a Rashba gauge field, a finite density of weakly interacting fermions undergoes a crossover from a BCS like ground state to a BEC state of a new kind of boson called the rashbon whose properties are determined solely by the gauge field and not by the interaction between the fermions. The rashbon Bose-Einstein condensate (RBEC) is a quite intriguing state with the rashbon-rashbon interactions being independent of the fermion-fermion interactions (scattering length). Furthermore, we show that the RBEC has a transition temperature of the order of the Fermi temperature, suggesting routes to enhance the transition temperatures of weakly interacting superfluids by tuning the spin-orbit coupling. For the SM gauge fields, we show that in a regime of parameters, a pair of particles with finite centre-of-mass momentum is the most strongly bound. In other regimes of centre-of-mass momenta, there is no two-body bound state, but a resonance like feature appears in the scattering continuum. In the many-body setting, this results in flow enhanced pairing. Also, strongly interacting normal states utilizing the scattering resonance can be created opening the possibility of studying properties of helical Fermi liquids. This paper contains a general discussion of the physics of Feshbach resonance in a non-Abelian gauge field, where several novel features such as centre-of-mass-momentum-dependent effective interactions are shown. It is also shown that a uniform non-Abelian gauge field in conjunction with a spatial potential can be used to generate novel Hamiltonians; we discuss an explicit example of the generation of a monopole Hamiltonian.

古生代种子：Callospermarton sinium sP·nov·及C·sp的研究

本文报道了Callospermarion在中国山西太原晚石炭世煤核中的首次发现。经过研究，确立了一个新种Callospermarion sinicum sp.nov，另一种Callospermarion sp，并与该属的另外两个种C. pusillum和C. undulatum进行比较。Callospermarion为古生代种子蕨种子，胚珠椭圆形，两侧对称，三层珠被，珠心除在合点处与珠被聚合形成薄壁区外其余部分不与珠被聚合，一般称之游离于珠被。Callospermarion种子着生于Callistophyton的植物营养体上。文中还讨论了该种子蕨的特殊性，以及与其它种子蕨植物的关系和其它裸子植物的关系。

陕西铜川延安组植物群研究

在1991年和1992年秋天，笔者先后两次来到铜川采集标本200余块，进行古植物方面的研究。本文标本主要采集于崔家沟、下石节、焦坪三个矿区，其地层属于延安组宝塔山岩段。论文讨论了植物群落的特征和世代问题，论文引用了数学方法，并提供了该地区古植物特征的系统描述以及古环境问题。

云南晚第三纪化石木研究及其古气候意义

本论文研究了我国云南龙陵大坝和镇安、昌宁红星晚上新世以及楚雄洲吕合晚中新世191个化石木标本，鉴定出7种化石木类型，其中越桔型木属为新属，越桔型木、常绿杜鹃型木和龙陵杜鹃型木为新种。并利用化石木的现存种或现存亲缘种的生态环境对化石产地的气候和环境进行了讨论。 木材种类的特征如下： 华山松（Pinus armandii Franchet）：生长轮明显，早材至晚材渐变。交叉场纹孔主为窗格型。木射线具单列射线和纺锤状射线。射线管胞内壁平滑或微锯齿状。具正常轴向和径向树脂道，由薄壁泌脂细胞组成。 云南铁杉（Tsuga dumosa Eicher）：生长轮明显，早材至晚材略急变至渐变。管胞径壁具缘纹孔单列;具缘纹孔膜上明显具棒状延伸;纹孔膜下具缘纹孔外表面具明显的瘤状层，瘤状突起大小相近。交叉场纹孔式柏木型。木射线主为单列;由射线薄壁细胞和射线管胞组成;射线细胞水平壁厚，纹孔明显，数多;端壁节状加厚明显。轴向木薄壁组织细胞数少，轮界状;其端壁节状加厚明显。 柳杉型木（Taxodioxylon cryptomeripsoides Schonfeld）：生长轮明显，早材至晚材略急变。管胞径壁纹孔1列，偶尔成疏松排列的2列;晚材弦壁纹孔明显可见。交叉场具1-4枚杉木型纹孔。轴向木薄壁组织细胞数多，星散状或有时成短弦线状;端壁节状不明显或略现。木射线单列，全由射线薄壁细胞组成;射线细胞水平壁薄，纹孔缺乏，端壁平滑。 杉木型木（Taxodioxylon cunninghamioides Watari）：生长轮明显，早材至晚材渐变。管胞径壁纹孔1-2列;晚材弦壁纹孔明显可见。交叉场1-4枚杉木型纹孔。轴向木薄壁组织丰富，星散状或有时成短弦线状;端壁节状不明显或略现。木射线单列全由射线薄壁细胞组成;射线细胞水平壁薄;端壁薄，平滑。 龙陵杜鹃型木（新种）（Ericaceoxylon longlingense sp. nov.）：生长轮明显，散孔材。导管横切面为多角形，单管孔，散生。螺纹加厚仅出现导管分子尾端。梯状穿孔为主。管间纹孔式为对列或梯状对列。轴向薄壁组织量少，疏环管状。纤维分子细胞壁厚度中等。射线宽1-6细胞。多列射线的中部多为横卧细胞，边缘有1-4（6）行直立和/或方形细胞。射线导管间纹孔式梯状对列，类似导管间纹孔式。 常绿杜鹃型木（新种）（Ericaceoxylon hymenanthesoides sp. nov.）：生长轮明显，半环孔材。导管横切面为多角形，单管孔，散生。螺纹加厚出现整个导管分子壁上。复穿孔，梯状穿孔为主。管间纹孔式为互列。轴向薄壁组织量少，疏环管状;端壁节状加厚不明显。纤维分子细胞壁厚度中等;径壁和弦壁均具有具缘纹孔。射线宽1-4细胞;多列射线的中部多为横卧细胞，边缘有1-9行直立和/或方形细胞。射线导管间纹孔式互列，类似导管间纹孔式。 常绿杜鹃型木（相似种）（Ericaceoxylon cf. hymenanthesoides）：生长轮明显，半环孔材。单管孔;导管散生。梯状穿孔板;管间纹孔式为互列;射线导管间纹孔式多对列，类似导管间纹孔式。螺纹加厚出现在导管分子壁上。木纤维细胞壁中等厚度。射线宽1-3细胞。 越桔型木（新种）（Vacciniaceoxylon vacciniumoides sp. nov.）：生长轮略明显，散孔材。单管孔，散生;整个导管分子上具螺纹加厚。网状和梯状穿孔。轴向薄壁组织量少，星散状或疏环管状。纤维分子径壁和弦壁都具有具缘纹孔。射线多列和单列射线组成，两种大小，1-4细胞宽。射线导管间纹孔式互列，纹孔有明显的纹孔缘。 化石木植物群及其所反映的古植被和古气候如下： 楚雄吕合化石木植物群4个标本中鉴定出两种木材类型—柳杉型木和杉木型木。由于化石标本少，不足以反映植被面貌，两种杉科植物的出现反映其生长地为亚热带温暖湿润环境。 龙陵大坝和镇安化石木植物群95个标本中鉴定出四种木材类型：华山松、常绿杜鹃型木、越桔型木和龙陵杜鹃型木。他们反映的古植被为针阔混交林，生长于亚热带温凉湿润的山地气候环境中，当时当地的海拔高度在1800-3000米之间。 昌宁红星化石木植物群92个标本中鉴定出三种木材类型：华山松、云南铁杉、常绿杜鹃型木（相似种）。他们反映的古植被为针阔混交林，生长于亚热带温凉湿润的山地气候环境中，当时当地的海拔在2200-3000米之间。

云南中新世和山西上新世果实和种子的研究

研究化石果实和种子的古果实学在欧洲和北美开展较早，近年来发展迅速，我国在这个领域的研究相对薄弱，迄今为止尚没有专项的研究工作。本论文首次对我国云南和山西晚第三纪的果实和种子进行专门研究，并根据它们对应的现存最近亲缘植物的分布及生态特征分析和重建了当时当地的吉植被、古环境和古气候。 1．云南省西部陇川盆地芒旦地区早一中中新世被子植物果实和种子植物群，包括果实和种子29种，详细研究了14种，隶属于ll科12属：壳斗科的石栎属、金缕梅科的蜡瓣花属、金丝桃科的金丝桃属、樟科的木姜子属、木兰科的木兰属和鹅掌楸属、桑科的榕属、杨梅科的杨梅属、蓝果树科的蓝果树属、芸香科的花椒属、清风藤科的清风藤属以及山矾科的山矾属。所有这些果实和种子的化石在中国均为首次报道，其中蜡瓣花属、鹅掌楸属、蓝果树属、清风藤属和山矾属还是该属在中国的首次大化石记录。在植物群组成中，石栎属占绝对优势，其他主要类群有蜡瓣花属、木姜子属、木兰属、花椒属和山矾属等。芒旦果实和种子植物群反映当时当地为亚热带常绿阔叶林的森林面貌和温暖湿润的亚热带气候条件。 2．山西省榆社盆地张村地区晚上新世( 2.3 Ma-3.5 Ma)水生植物川蔓藻属(Ruppia)果实和种子的大量发现及其与川蔓藻属2个化石种和5个现代种的比较表明，这些果实和种子属于一个新种—榆社川蔓藻Ruppia yushensis sp. nov。该新种的主要特征为内果皮卵形、表面光滑、侧面具两个显著的窄椭圆形凹陷、顶端具一个明显的小尖突，以及种子顶端具显著的球形膨大的种脐。榆社川蔓藻将川蔓藻属的第三纪地理分布范围从欧洲延伸到了东亚，并且填补了它在上新世地层的空缺。榆社川蔓藻作为榆社盆地晚新生代水生植物的发现，指示了当时当地的咸水环境。根据川蔓藻属植物的现代生态资料并结合其它矿物学和生物学指标，可以推测晚上新世张村地区为一个浅而平静的微咸水湖。榆社川蔓藻果实和种子的大量出现说明该植物可能在该水域形成了单一的优势类群，其光滑的内果皮表面指示当时当地为暖温带或温带气候。

云南元谋和山西太谷上新世化石木群研究

首次报道了云南元谋盆地（虎跳滩土林、湾堡土林和新华土林）晚上新世的硅化木材植物群和山西太谷盆地晚上新世的炭屑木材植物群，分析了这两个盆地当时的植被、环境和气候，为认识我国西南地区和北方中部地区晚上新世气候变化提供了生物学证据。 1。云南元谋盆地晚上新世沙沟组（相当于钱方等1991元谋组下部一、二段）化石木植物群包括：裸子植物1种，归属于三尖杉科(Cephalotaxaceae)三尖杉属(Cephalotaxus)或红豆杉科(Taxaceae)穗花杉属(Amentotaxus);被子植物11种，分别归属于楝科(Meliaceae)香椿属(Toona)、大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)秋枫属(Bischofia)、榆科(Ulmaceae)榉属(Zelkova)、豆科(Fabaceae)黄檀属(Dalbergia)、壳斗科(Fagaceae)锥属(Castanopsis)、青冈属(Cyclobalanopsis)、 千屈菜科(Lythraceae)紫薇属(Lagerstroemia)、桑科(Moraceae)桑属(Morus)、胡桃科(Juglandaceae)、豆科和壳斗科。其中三尖杉属或穗花杉属、楝科香椿属、豆科黄檀属、壳斗科锥属、青冈属、千屈菜科紫薇属、桑科桑属、胡桃科和壳斗科的化石木在我国为首次报道。依据植物群的组成，当时该盆地周围山地上的森林是以锥属、青冈属和三尖杉属或穗花杉属为主要分子的常绿针阔混交林，盆地内的树木包括楝科香椿属、大戟科秋枫属、豆科和千屈菜科紫薇属等植物;当时的气候为亚热带气候，温暖湿润。与印度同时代植物群相比，元谋植物群不具有典型的热带雨林分子如龙脑香科植物，而在印度晚第三纪则常见热带雨林分子。这种差异可能是因为中印植物区系起源不同，以及地质历史时期青藏高原的隆升造成区域气候分异，从而导致中印古植物区系不同。 2．山西太谷盆地晚上新世小白组化石木植物群包括榆科(Ulmaceae)榆属(Ulmus)、蔷薇科(Rosaceae)李属(Prunus)和桑科柘属(Cudrania)，它们的标本保存为炭屑木材。该化石木群的发现，以及综合通过孢粉学研究得出的古气候研究结果，表明当时当地属于典型的温带气候。化石木清晰的生长轮表明当时气候具明显的季节性。现代生态木材解剖学研究发现温带干旱地区植物群中导管分子壁的螺纹加厚比例较高、且明显。化石木标本导管分子壁具明显的螺纹加厚也表明盆地内为温带的气候类型。孢粉学研究和地层中丰富的石膏层也表明当时气候具有明显的干湿波动，地层中多层炭屑的存在证明了当时气候条件下森林火频繁发生。这些炭屑木材的发现丰富了太谷盆地晚上新世植物群，为古植被重建和古环境恢复提供了新的证据

山西煤核中辉木植物二个新种的研究--山西枝蕨和山西始莲座蕨

辉木植物是莲座蕨目在晚古生代最重要的成员，广泛分布于当时处于热带－亚热带气候条件下的晚石炭世－二叠纪欧美植物区和华夏植物区。目前欧美植物区晚石炭世的辉木植物已经研究得非常深入和全面，但相对来说二叠纪的辉木植物的研究，尤其是关于其非茎器官的研究要薄弱得多。中国山西太原西山煤田早二叠世早期太原组7号煤层煤核中产有丰富的辉木植物各种器官化石，这就为深入了解二叠纪辉木植物的形态、解剖以及辉木植物的系统发育与演化提供了重要的化石材料。本论文利用国际上研究煤核时广泛采用的揭膜法，深入研究了山西煤核中2种分散保存的辉木植物器官：羽轴－山西枝蕨（新种）和生殖羽片－山西始莲座蕨（新种）。由于目前尚无有关二叠纪具解剖构造的辉木植物羽轴的详细研究的报道，因此，山西枝蕨（新种）是国内外目前为止第一种研究得最详细的二叠纪具解剖构造的辉木植物羽轴，它与欧美植物区枝蕨属已有的几个种（均为晚石炭世）的主要区别在于：前者为背腹扁状，后者则为两侧扁状;前者具较发育的鳞片，后者一般没有;前者的表皮下方有一条含有较大的单宁质细胞的薄壁组织带，后者没有;前者的内维管束呈“C”形，较大，位于正中央，后者的内维管束一般呈“W”形，较小，位于一侧。山西始莲座蕨（新种）是目前为止国内第一种（世界第二种）详细研究的二叠纪具解剖构造的两侧对称形的辉木植物聚合囊，同时也是目前国内发现的时代最早的华夏植物区两侧对称形的莲座蕨目聚合囊（包括印痕－压型化石和具解剖构造的矿化化石），它与欧美植物区始莲座蕨属已有的2个种（均为晚石炭世）的主要区别在于：前者的聚合囊囊托维管化，后者的囊托中无维管组织存在;前者的孢子囊侧壁细胞在近顶端呈明显的径向伸长状，后者的孢子囊侧壁细胞的形状和大小在孢子囊的上下没有很明显的变化;前者的孢子很小，数量多，纹饰简单，后者的孢子大，数量少，纹饰复杂。总的来说，本文所研究的二个新种与欧美植物区同属其它种之间的区别要大于后者彼此之间的区别，这可能是由于处于不同的植物地理区，经过长期地理隔绝和平行演化的结果。本研究成果不仅丰富了我们对二叠纪辉木植物非茎器官解剖构造的认识，而且对今后开展华夏植物区二叠纪辉木植物的分类、系统发育和演化以及整体植物的研究，都具有重要的作用和意义。

陕西省汉台区1978年至2006年耕地数量变化及驱动力分析

汉台区是陕西省农业产业结构调整典型示范区,近年来,由于农业产业结构调整、退耕还林还草和建设占用耕地,汉台区耕地数量大量减少,耕地供需矛盾突出。本文利用1978年以来汉台区耕地长序列统计资料和近9年的土地详查与变更数据,研究汉台区土地利用现状及其结构变化、分析汉台区耕地数量变化的基本过程及空间差异、探讨耕地数量变化的主要驱动力。研究结果表明:①1978年～2006年全区耕地共减少5600hm2,平均每年减少200hm2,人均耕地减少0.027hm2,耕地递减率曲线与人均耕地递减率曲线走势基本一致;②建设占用耕地、退耕还林还草和农业结构调整等直接影响因子在4种类型区影响耕地变化差异明显;总体上,农业产业结构调整是全区耕地减少的主导因素,经济发展较快的城镇,建设占用耕地较多;③耕地面积与社会经济发展各因素间的相关系数约低于累计耕地面积与各因素之间的相关系数,说明全区耕地减少与社会经济发展存在时间上的错位性,即经济和社会发展滞后于对耕地资源的占用。

水肥水平对日光温室黄瓜产量及品质的影响

为研究水肥耦合对陕北日光温室内黄瓜产量和品质的影响,2006年和2007年在安塞日光温室隔水小区内采用完全随机设计,设置了WhFh,WmFh,WlFh,WhFl,WmFl和WlFl共6个处理。结果表明:①不同水肥处理影响了黄瓜品质,但所有处理瓜条NO3--N含量都低于432mg/kg(鲜样),WmFh处理黄瓜可溶性糖、VC和可溶性蛋白质含量都显著高于其它处理;②黄瓜产量随水肥供给增加而增加,水分利用效率总体上与肥料量正相关,与供水量负相关。可得出结论:WmFh处理(田间持水量75%~90%,600kg/hm2N和420kg/hm2P2O5)的水肥能满足黄瓜整个生育期的水分和养分需求,能实现黄瓜的高产、优质、高效生产。

应用负载型纳米铁去除饮用水中砷的研究

砷是毒性最强的元素之一，水体中砷的污染己经引起人们广泛的关注。我国的新疆、内蒙、山西和台湾等省和地区地下水砷含量严重超标。全球共有5,000多万人遭受高砷饮用水的威胁，其中中国有1,500多万，是饮用水砷污染最严重的国家之一。WHO推荐饮用水砷的最高允许浓度从原来的50 µg•L-1已降至10 µg•L-1。更为严格的砷卫生标准的颁布，对作为饮用水源的地下水中的砷去除工艺提出了更高的要求。吸附法除砷比膜法、混凝法和离子交换法更安全、简便，是砷去除工艺中最有效的方法之一。 首先，本研究通过优化制备条件（包括炭种类的选择、炭的粒径大小、还原剂的浓度及滴定速率、反应温度、铁盐的种类及浓度、分散剂的比例及浓度），制备了负载型纳米铁。考虑到砷的去除效率、工程应用的可行性以及经济性，最优的制备条件如下：选用粒径为20~40目煤质炭，在室温、一定的分散剂比例及浓度，0.2 M KBH4滴速为20 d•min-1时所制备的Fe/炭为82.0 mg•g-1；纳米铁在活性炭孔内呈针状，其直径为30~500 nm，长度为1,000~2,000 nm。绝大多数的铁都负载到活性炭内部，这在处理水时铁不流失很重要。 其次，利用制备的负载型纳米铁作吸附载体，进行了饮用水中As(Ⅴ)的吸附去除实验。研究了该吸附剂对As(Ⅴ)的吸附等温线、动力学以及影响动力学的各种因素（包括As(Ⅴ)的不同初始浓度、吸附剂用量、pH值、共存离子和不同温度）、pH值、共存离子等环境条件对As(Ⅴ)去除的影响；以及吸附剂的再生及再生后的吸附效率等。研究发现在前12 h内吸附较快，72 h时达到了平衡。用Langmuir 吸附等温式估算出As(Ⅴ)的吸附量为12.0 mg•g-1。该吸附剂在pH 6.5， (25±2)℃， As(Ⅴ)初始浓度为2 mg•L-1，吸附剂用量为1.0 g•L-1时，As(Ⅴ)的去除率为75.2%；当把吸附剂的用量增加到1.5 g•L-1时，As(Ⅴ)的去除率可达99.9%以上。吸附剂可以用0.1M的NaOH浸泡12 h后即可再生，再生效率较高。常见的阴离子中PO43-、SiO32-对As(Ⅲ)的去除抑制较大，而SO42-、CO32-、C2O42-等离子对砷的去除影响较小。Fe2+对As(Ⅲ)的吸附抑制作用较大而其它阳离子影响不大。吸附剂可用0.1 M NaOH 有效再生，并且具有良好的机械性能。实验室初步实验数据表明，该吸附剂对饮用水除砷具有较好的应用前景。 第三，利用实验室制备的负载型纳米铁对饮用水中As(Ⅲ)的吸附去除也进行了研究。考察了吸附等温线、动力学以及影响动力学的各种因素、pH值、共存离子等环境条件对As(Ⅲ)去除的影响；以及吸附剂的再生及再生后的吸附效率等。研究发现，该吸附剂在pH 6.5， (25±2)℃， As(Ⅲ)初始浓度为2 mg•L-1，吸附剂用量为1.0 g•L-1时， 对As(Ⅲ)的去除率为99.8%；其吸附容量为1.996mg•g-1。吸附过程中部分As(Ⅲ)被氧化。与As(Ⅴ)的吸附相比，该吸附剂对As(Ⅲ)的效率比较高-而常见的其它除砷吸附剂如载铁纤维棉等，对As(Ⅴ)的效率比As(Ⅲ)高，为有效去除As(Ⅲ)，常常需要专门加上氧化这一过程。 最后，利用负载型纳米铁对饮用水中As(Ⅲ) 的氧化性能进行考察，发现该吸附剂不但能够有效吸附去除饮用水中的砷，而且还能把As(Ⅲ)有效地氧化为As(Ⅴ)。经过对吸附剂的构成组分分析发现，活性炭表面因富含多种官能团而对三价砷的氧化作用最大；其次是纳米铁也能把As(Ⅲ)氧化为As(Ⅴ)。