26 resultados para Sesquiterpenos
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Casearia sylvestris Swartz (Salicaceae), conhecida como guaçatonga, é uma espécie vegetal distribuída amplamente pela América do Sul, ocorrendo em 22 estados brasileiros. Na medicina popular é utilizada no tratamento de picadas de cobra, úlceras gástricas, como cicatrizante, anti-inflamatório e antisséptico tópico. Extratos de suas folhas demonstraram atividade antiulcerogênica, anti-inflamatória e citotóxica em células tumorais, dentre outras. Diversos metabólitos secundários foram isolados e/ou identificados principalmente de suas folhas, incluindo monoterpenos, sesquiterpenos, diterpenos, compostos fenólicos, etc. Apesar do extenso conhecimento sobre ações farmacológicas e sobre a fitoquímica das folhas, há apenas um trabalho publicado sobre metabólitos secundários de suas flores. Portanto, foi proposto neste trabalho realizar análises cromatográficas e espectrométricas de extratos de folhas e flores de C. sylvestris Swartz com o objetivo de comparar os perfis químicos destes órgãos com ênfase em terpenos. Os extratos produzidos com diferentes solventes (hexano: acetato de etila: isopropanol; hexano e etanol 70 %) de folhas e flores foram obtidos por sonicação com rendimentos variando entre 0,03 e 23,39% (m/m), sendo os maiores rendimentos obtidos com etanol 70 %. Os óleos essenciais de folhas e flores foram obtidos por extração por arraste a vapor d`água e foram analisados por cromatografia em fase gasosa e o componente majoritário apresentado foi o biciclogermacreno, tanto em folhas como em flores; o óleo essencial de flores demonstrou ser mais complexo. Os extratos foram analisados por cromatografia em camada delgada e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detector de arranjo de diodos. Os dados de cromatografia em camada delgada sugerem um perfil químico praticamente idêntico para folhas e flores, o que não foi confirmado pelas análises por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência que ...
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Ocimum basilicum L., popularmente conhecido como manjericão, é uma planta pertencente à Lamiaceae, cujo óleo volátil possui diversas atividades biológicas, tais como antifúngica, antigiardíase, antioxidante, antibacteriana, antileishmaniose, inseticida, dentre outras. É constituído principalmente por monoterpenos, sesquiterpenos e fenilpropanoides. A composição de metabólitos secundários nas plantas, dos quais os óleos voláteis fazem parte, pode sofrer influência de diversos fatores. Neste trabalho, foi investigada a influência das doenças virais no perfil dos óleos voláteis do manjericão. Para isso, sementes de Ocimum basilicum L. cv. Genovese foram semeadas e mantidas em casa de vegetação. Ao atingirem tamanho adequado (dois pares de folhas acima das cotiledonares), foram inoculadas com vírus não identificado, isolado de manjericão, além do Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) e Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). O óleo volátil de plantas sadias e infectadas foi extraído por hidrodestilação em aparelho de Clevenger e analisado em cromatógrafo gasoso acoplado ao espectrômetro de massas. Os cromatogramas revelaram a presença de metileugenol e ρ- cresol,2,6-di-terci-butílico como principais componentes, sendo que a porcentagem de metileugenol diminuiu significativamente nas plantas infectadas com o vírus não identificado. Houve mudanças na composição do óleo volátil, sendo alguns componentes encontrados apenas nas plantas sadias e outros somente nas infectadas
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Many people who live in the cerrado regions use plant species for therapeutic purposes. However, due to intensive extraction of some species, native botanical populations are at risk of disappearing or suffering a dramatic decrease, such as, for instance, individuals of the Lychnophora genus. This has 24 species distributed into the categories vulnerable, endangered, critically endangered, and possibly extinct. These individuals are known in folk medicine as “arnica” and their leaves and flowers are commonly used as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and healing agents. The chemical profile of the genus is characterized by the presence of sesquiterpene lactones, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, flavonoids, steroids, polyacetylenes, and caryophyllene derivatives which also have lignans with analgesic activity. Studies with Lychnophora species show significant results with regard to their biological activities against Leishmania amazonensis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Tripanosoma cruzi. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a survey of the morphology, chemical composition, and biological activity, as well as the use and current conservation status of the Lychnophora genus in Brazil.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp.) H. Rob. , Asteraceae, known as yacon, is an herb that is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes in folk medicine. However, recent studies have demonstrated that this plant has other interesting properties such as anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory actions. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the topical anti-inflammatory property of different extracts prepared from yacon leaves and analyze the role of different chemical classes in this activity. Three yacon leaf extracts were obtained: aqueous extract, where chlorogenic acid derivatives and sesquiterpene lactones were detected; leaf rinse extract, rich in sesquiterpene lactones; and polar extract, rich in chlorogenic acid derivatives. All the extracts exhibited anti-edematogenic activity in vivo (aqueous extract: 25.9% edema inhibition at 0.50 mg/ear; polar extract: 42.7% inhibition at 0.25 mg/ear; and leaf rinse extract: 44.1% inhibition at 0.25 mg/ear). The leaf rinse extract furnished the best results regarding neutrophil migration inhibition, and NO, TNF-? and PGE2 inhibition. These data indicate that both sesquiterpene lactones and chlorogenic acid derivatives contribute to the anti-inflammatory action, although sesquiterpene lactones seem to have more pronounced effects. In conclusion, yacon leaf extracts, particularly the sesquiterpene lactone-rich extract, has potential use as topical anti-inflammatory agent.
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The Baccharis oreophila Malme belongs to the Asteraceae family. In Brazil are reported 120 species of Baccharis, most located in the South and Southeast regions, the latter presents the highest prevalence, especially in the state of São Paulo. Asteraceae is well known for the production of essential oils, which are liquid, volatile and aromatic substances produced by plants specialized for metabolism possess antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. Thus, this study aimed, perform chemical and evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of essential oil from dried leaves of B. oreophila collected in winter in Piraquara, Paraná. Obtaining essential oil was given by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus, in triplicate, and the analysis was done using a gas chromatograph coupled to mass spectrometry GC / MS. The identification of the components was made based on retention indices calculated from the co-injection of a series of n-alkanes, followed by comparison of their mass spectra with literature. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by disk diffusion method and microdilution. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the methods DPPH equivalent Trolox, ABTS and FRAP equivalent Trolox equivalent ferrous sulfate. The essential oil showed 0.47% yield. They identified 57 components (89.38%), 1.51% were classified as hydrogenated monoterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenes 15.14%, 34.84% and 37.87% hydrogenated sesquiterpenes sesquiterpenes oxygenates. As the major components were detected kusimono (16.37%), spathulenol (16.12%), the δ-cadinene (5.68%) and bicyclogermacrene (4.09%). The antimicrobial activity of essential oil was performed for the microorganisms Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Candida albicans ATCC 18804 and Candida tropicalis ATCC 13803, the results showed that the essential oil showed activity against S. aureus Inhibitory Concentration minimum (CIM) 1250 g/mL. In the evaluation of antioxidant activity essential oil showed antioxidant potential for the three methods evaluated, with values of 1,468 m.mol.L-1, 7.126 m.mol.L-1 and 45.515 m.mol.L-1 for ABTS, DPPH and FRAP, respectively. These results demonstrate that the essential oil of B. oreophila showed antimicrobial potential against S. aureus and interesting antioxidant activity, especially for the reducing power of iron ion, demonstrating their potential for future industrial applications. It is important to emphasize that were not observed in the literature reports highlighting such biological properties of B. oreophila oil.
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Os óleos essenciais constituem um dos mais importantes grupos de matérias primas para as indústrias de alimentos, farmacêutica, perfumaria e afins. São constituídos por uma mistura complexa de diversas classes de substâncias, dentre elas os fenilpropanóides, mono e sesquiterpenos, pertencentes ao metabolismo secundários das plantas. O metabolismo secundário por sua vez pode ser influenciado, dentre outros, por fatores genéticos, climáticos (temperatura, intensidade de luz, efeito sazonal, etc.) e edáficos. Observa-se que, grande parte das espécies popularmente utilizadas, encontra-se próxima ao estado silvestre, mantendo forte interação com o ambiente. Informações sobre o efeito de condições ambientais no metabolismo secundário de plantas provêm principalmente de esforços da pesquisa para maximizar a produção de constituintes ativos de espécies medicinais e aromáticas. Como aplicação prática, avanços no sentido de compreender a influência dos fatores ambientais na regulação de biossíntese de metabólitos secundários, podem contribuir para um aumento na produção de compostos de interesse nestas espécies. Neste artigo será abordada a ação de alguns fatores abióticos no rendimento e composição de óleos essenciais, com base nos dados da literatura, sem a pretensão de esgotar este extenso tema.
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Drimys brasiliensis Miers é uma espécie nativa da Mata Atlântica, conhecida popularmente por cataia, utilizada como estimulante, antidiarreica, antifebril, dentre outras propriedades. Folhas frescas e secas de cataia foram coletadas no outono/2012, submetidas à hidrodestilação em aparelho graduado tipo Clevenger durante um período de 4 horas após ebulição, retirando-se em seguida o óleo. No óleo de folhas frescas foram identificados 49 compostos, sendo 65,0% sesquiterpenos, 12,0% monoterpenos e 23,0% de outras substâncias. Já no óleo de folhas secas identificou-se 40 compostos, sendo 76,1% sesquiterpenos, 2,0% monoterpenos e 21,9% de outros compostos. Os principais constituintes para as folhas frescas foram germacreno D (8,9%), biciclogermacreno (5,3%), epi-alfa-cadinol (5,1%), alfa-cadinol (6,0%) e drimenol (9,3%). Já para as folhas secas, os principais constituintes foram germacreno D (6,3%), (E)-nerodidol (5,4%), espatulenol (9,5%), epi-alfa-cadinol (5,5%), alfa-cadinol (6,7%) e drimenol (11,6%). Devido a sua composição, a espécie possivelmente pode possuir algumas atividades como antifúngicas, antibacterianas, além de insetífuga, moluscocida e com propriedades farmacológicas que a espécie pode possuir.
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Malaria, also popularly known as maleita , intermittent fever, paludism, impaludism, third fever or fourth fever, is an acute infectious febrile disease, which, in human beings, is caused by four species: Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae and P. ovale. Malaria, one of the main infectious diseases in the world, is the most important parasitoses, with 250 million annual cases and more than 1 million deaths per year, mainly in children younger than live years of age. The prophylactic and therapeutic arsenal against malaria is quite restricted, since all the antimalarials currently in use have some limitation. Many plant species belonging to several families have been tested in vivo, using the murine experimental model Plasmodium berghei or in vitro against P. falciparum, and this search has been directed toward plants with antithermal, antimalarial or antiinflammatory properties used in popular Brazilian bolk medicine. Studies assessing the biological activity of medicinal plant essential oils have revealed activities of interest, such as insecticidal, spasmolytic and antiplasmodic action. It has also been scientifically established that around 60% of essential oils have antifungal properties and that 35% exhibit antibacterial properties. In our investigation, essential oils were obtained from the species Vanillosmopsis arborea, Lippia sidoides and Croton zethneri which are found in the bioregion of Araripe-Ceará. The chemical composition of these essential oils was partially characterized and the presence of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The acute toxicity of these oils was assessed in healthy mice at different doses applied on a single day and on four consecutive days, and in vitro cytotoxicity in HeLa and Raw cell lines was determined at different concentrations. The in vivo tests obtained lethal dose values of 7,1 mg/Kg (doses administered on a single day) and 1,8 mg/Kg (doses administered over four days) for 50% of the animals. In the in vitro tests, the inhibitory concentration for 50% of cell growth in Hela cell lines was 588 μg/mL (essential oil from C. zethneri after 48 h), from 340-555 μg/mL (essential oil from L. sidoides, after 24 and 48 h). The essential oil from V. arborea showed no cytotoxicity and none of the essential oils were cytotoxic in Raw cell lines. These data suggest a moderate toxicity in the essential XVIII oils under study, a finding that does not impede their testing in in vivo antimalarial assays. Was shown the antimalarial activity of the essential oils in mice infected with P. berghei was assessed. The three species showed antimalarial activity from 36%-57% for the essential oil from the stem of V. arborea; from 32%-82% for the essential oil from the leaves of L. sidoides and from 40%-70% of reduction for the essential oil from the leaves of C. zethneri. This is the first study showing evidence of antimalarial activity with these species from northeast Brazil. Further studies to isolate the active ingredients of these oils are needed to determine if a single active ingredient accounts for the antimalarial activity or if a complex integration of all the compounds present occurs, a situation reflected in their biological activity