Sequência didática como instrumento para a aprendizagem significativa do efeito fotoelétrico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Sequência didática e o interacionismo sociodiscursivo na geografia escolar: propostas teórico-metdologógicas

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Inércia e Natureza da Ciência no Ensino de Física: uma sequência didática centrada no desenvolvimento histórico do conceito de inércia

During the last decades the area of science education has discussed issues related to the inclusion of the History and Philosophy of Science (HFS) in the practice of science teaching. Among the arguments put forward in favour of this approach, it is pointed out the possible enhancement of scientific content learning and the understanding of the nature of Science (NoS). In spite of such considerations, we still have a very small number of research papers reporting results of practical interventions that utilize the historical approach, moreover, there is a lack of teaching materials in this perspective. Our work has sought to contribute to this area with regard to two aspects: on the one hand, with the production of didactic material, by drawing up texts on the history of inertia for graduate students. On the other hand, we investigate whether the arguments mentioned above in relation to the didactic use of HFS sustain themselves, in a particular context. We developed and applied a didactic sequence, using the texts that we built, to teach the concept of inertia and discuss selected contents of NoS. The didactic sequence was applied in two graduate classes, one from a course of Geophysics (BSc.) and another from the Physics (teaching formation), both from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). An initial survey exposed that students, even having approached the concept of inertia in basic education, presented conceptions of common sense regarding the relationship between force and motion. The questionnaire also allowed us to identify the existence of elements of concepts considered inadequate as regards to NoS. At the end of our research, our data indicated a greater number of positive hits on the issues concerning the concept of inertia. Regarding the aspects of NoS, we were able to identify, in a few cases, a move towards a more appropriate understanding, however, certain distortions persisted, highlighting the limitations of the approach used

Sequência didática com temas motivadores no ensino de física

This study is based on the design and development of a Didactic sequence in Physics for the first year of high school in a public school, involving structured activities on Astronomy topics, Astronautics and Aeronautics. In addition, it produced a didactic-pedagogic Tutorial for teachers to develop teaching-learning processes in Physics through activities with handmade rockets. These activities have been based on teaching moments of questioning, systematization and contextualization. In this context the understanding and the deepening of concepts and scientific and physical phenomena are related to everyday knowledge, in accordance with the historical-cultural theory, with the Three Pedagogic Moments, dialogicity and Information and Communication Technologies as instruments of triggering actions and motivation, like movies and applications in teaching Astronomy, Physics and Mathematics. The research activities were conduced by adopting a qualitative approach and included reports, questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and other notes. The development of the Didactic Sequence enabled a differentiated teaching and learning process, including aspects such as conceptualization, contextualization, flexibility, interdisciplinary and theoreticalexperimental relationship.

ABORDAGEM SOCIOINTERACIONISTA E SEQUÊNCIA DIDÁTICA: RELATO DE UMA EXPERIÊNCIA

Desde a publicação dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN – BRASIL, 1997; 1998), os gêneros textuais são propostos como objeto de ensino de Língua Portuguesa (LP) e de Línguas Estrangeiras (LE) nos níveis Fundamental e Médio. Na prática, isso implica o planejamento e a execução de um trabalho com enunciados concretos, ou seja, com textos que circulam num contexto real de interação verbal, e não mais uma abordagem da língua voltada para a estrutura descontextualizada do processo enunciativo. Esse enfoque sustenta a proposta apresentada no Projeto de Iniciação Científica Voluntário (PICV) intitulado Práticas de leitura pautadas na proposta de sequência didática com gêneros textuais, aplicada em Cascavel/PR, numa turma de 5ª série do Ensino Fundamental, durante o segundo semestre de 2008, sendo a mesma objeto de reflexão e apresentação do presente artigo. Essa pesquisa tem, como base teórica, os estudos de Bakhtin (2003) e Bakhtin/Volochínov (2006), a proposta de ensino de língua materna do grupo de Genebra (DOLZ; NOVERRAZ; SCHNEUWLY, 2004) e a adaptação desta ao contexto educacional da região Oeste do Paraná, realizada por Costa-Hübes e colaboradores (AMOP, 2007a; 2007b).

EaD e Ciberespaço: um estudo sobre a Didática nos ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem e as possibilidades de construção de saberes

O presente trabalho de pesquisa investiga a didática, relacionando-a com as atividades educativas desenvolvidas intencionalmente nos ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. O trabalho se desenvolve a partir do conceito de didática, compreendida como meios e mecanismos pelos quais se desenvolvem os processos de ensino-aprendizagem relacionados ao contexto sociociocultural. Utiliza-se como base teórica predominantemente, os conceitos de didática de Libâneo (1994, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012), Candau (2003, 2011) e Pimenta (2011, 2013). Com relação ao contexto sociocultural utiliza-se Castells (2003, 2013), Lévy (1998, 2012), Lemos (2010) e Moore (2013). Investiga-se a sequência didática utilizada por duas instituições, através da coleta e análise das páginas web e dos planejamentos de curso disponibilizados nos AVA. Esta pesquisa situa-se no âmbito das pesquisas qualitativas e desta forma não houve uma estruturação rígida. Foi delineado um design mínimo para início do trabalho focando os aspectos da estruturação da aula virtual e dos elementos estruturais elencados por Libâneo. No decorrer da investigação foram adotados procedimentos de acordo com a realidade investigada. Observa-se que ambas as instituições apresentam uma sequência didática singular, com diferenças de concepção na sua elaboração. Percebe-se que, no ambiente online, a didática está sempre presente, embora tal qual no ambiente presencial, retratando as diferentes concepções de ensino.

Uma sequencia didática para o ensino da resolução da equação do 2. grau : adequação para o uso com professores

The present study aims to check whether the use of activities mediated by the History of Mathematics can contribute to improve the understanding of resolution the 2nd degree equation for teachers and undergraduates that reproduce methods of solving such equations, uncritically, without domain of the justifications for their actions. For this, we adapted a didactic sequence with activities that aims to cause a rediscovery of resolutive formula of 2nd degree equation through the method known as cut and paste. Finally, we presented the activity module containing the didactic sequence used during the study, as suggestion for use in the classroom, by the math teacher

Contação de histórias e educação crítica: uma proposta didática

This proposal offers a possibility of approximation of mathematical knowledge at the prospect of Critical Education defended by researchers such as Ole Skovsmose and Paulo Freire. Using storytelling as a methodological resource is intended to develop an activity that allows students to think critically about real-life situations that have democratic questions as ground. The research is part of the branch of mathematics concerned with the education goals of teaching mathematics in basic education. We discuss the relevance of an educational process that enables the development of a democratic competence in the first years of primary education by showing students that their classroom can and should be seen as a community, where everyone has rights and duties. The interpretation and understanding of real situations can be something very complex and uninteresting for students of that age, looking for an attractive feature such as storytelling, which is based on the tendency of Reading and Writing in Mathematics, proposed by Nacarato and Lopes; Cardoso and Fonseca. Adopting a phenomenological attitude in the research seeks to understand if the storytelling can contribute to the formation of the critical student. Assuming this perspective has developed a didactic sequence from the story 'o que os olhos não vêem' from writer Ruth Rocha. The student's writing, favored by the proposed sequence, subsidizes the understanding of their thinking and acting on the democratic situations

Alguns aspectos da transposição de uma sequencia didática sobre o comportamento de partículas e ondas

This work presents a partial analysis of the implementation of a didactic sequence aimed at undergraduate students of quantum chemistry. The sequence develops on some fundamental concepts to understand the behavior of the objects particles and waves in the doubleslit experiment. The analysis is based on the didactic transposition theory, proposed by Yves Chevallard, which allows reflection upon the scientific knowledge reorganized to be used in teaching contexts. Our interest in this study lays on the dynamics of transposition of knowledge-to-be-taught into knowledge-taught, particularly the importance of making concepts more comprehensible. Results showed that the communication of knowledge by the students is presented with interruptions, gaps and colloquial language. The analysis allowed the identification of needs and possibilities of learning, as well as a turn in the teacher practice, through a dynamic process of action and reflection.

"Quem sou eu?": uma (re)construção do sujeito por meio da narrativa autobiográfica - proposta didática com um olhar nas interações em sala de aula

As we are aware, the classroom is emerging as a continuous build learning experiences and environment, however, for students also it functions as a place also to be due to socializing with friends. However, not always these elements complement each other, so as harmoniously as we are aware that there are many difficulties, both in the act of learning as in interpersonal relations between them. From this, we understand that it is for the school to seek ways to contemplate such issues so that they feel inserted both with regard to this learning as well as being able to interact with themselves and with others, in a participatory manner, to live well socially. Thus, we find ourselves facing a similar situation with a 9th grade class where the students had certain limitations to have a good relationship with one another, causing thus problems in learning. On the other hand, this difficulty as affectively interact with each other, also, was increased by the difficulty that some students had to speak for themselves and to show their feelings and emotions, getting even more difficult this interaction at school. Thus, we found ourselves obliged to act immediately and need to bring about change in this picture. So it came out the idea of the application of an intervening action which started taking shapefrom a pedagogical project that we developed in other classes in previous years, this time adapted to the situation experienced by the group. The project, framed in the qualitative research and characterized from the action research approach took shape, and elected as its main objective to seek possible alternatives to develop the communicative competence of students, which is why we invest in exercise oral communication (speaking and listening) in order to promote the use of language, the interpersonal involvement facilitating thus their participation both in the classroom and in social life. To fulfill this goal, we set out to develop a didactic book whose support materialized through the autobiographical narrative (molded in writing production) and worked along a structured instructional sequence in three distinctstages that dialogued with each other. Therefore, we base our study from the socio-historical conception and dialogue proposed by Bakhtin in line with the sociodiscursivo interactionism of Bronckart and resort to other scholars as Dolz and Schneuwly, Marcuschi among others. The development of all stages of the project not only has had an immediate effect on what we proposed ourselves as also yielded us very gratifying moments reinforcing to us that the classroom environment goes far beyond the fact ministering content. And that work with orality, with views on affective interaction of these students resulted in a project, so to speak, exciting.

Transposição didática da interação do laser com sistmas biológicos no ensino médio: uma proposta de guia didático para professores

In this dissertation was elaborated an interdisciplinary didactic sequence for the development of Physical concepts involved in the interaction of laser radiation with biological matter in order to make a relation between Physics and other fields of knowledge aiming to enlarge the contextualization of scientific knowledge. The objective was to develop an educational product which theme is “Laser’s Interaction with Biological Tissues”. In this work, basic physical concepts related to laser radiation were presented, its interaction with matter and applicability in the student's daily life, with emphasis on Public Health. The inclusion of the subject in schools was effected through didactic transposition as theoretical foundation and the three pedagogical moments as teaching support. The development of the project involved discussions of scientific knowledge applied in society’s daily life. In the product's design the didactic sequence was projected and the use of varied teaching resources has been proposed, such as videos, texts, experiments, simulators and de Software “Tracker”. The construction of paradidactic material was performed considering different stages of equal importance for a teacher's reflection process. The work prioritizes the alternative conceptions of student, transforming him in a direct agent of the construction of knowledge and this aspect is based on the profile of the Student's Material. Another important point is the evaluation's proposal, this was systematized to be done class after class through building texts, essay questions, presentation of papers, among others activities. The didactic sequence guides the introduction of relevant topics of the students and society’s daily life, the ideas are not closed and in many times the teacher make changes which deem relevant to the teaching for better development of their practice.

Conceitos de Física por meio do lançamento de foguetes de garrafa PET : uma proposta de transposição didática no ensino médio

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Física, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Mestrado Nacional Profissional em Ensino de Física, 2015.

Conceitos de Física por meio do lançamento de foguetes de garrafa PET : uma proposta de transposição didática no ensino médio

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Física, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Mestrado Nacional Profissional em Ensino de Física, 2015.

Conceitos de Física por meio do lançamento de foguetes de garrafa PET : uma proposta de transposição didática no ensino médio

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Física, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Mestrado Nacional Profissional em Ensino de Física, 2015.

Os gêneros digitais no livro didático de língua portuguesa

Este trabalho de pesquisa tem dois objetivos principais: o primeiro diz respeito a avaliar, em livros didáticos, indicados pelos professores do Estado do Piauí, Teresina, a abordagem proposta neles acerca dos gêneros digitais, tendo em vista a grande disseminação da tecnologia da informação e comunicação nas últimas décadas. Para tanto, propõe-se um acurado levantamento dos livros didáticos, do 6 ao 9 ano, verificando a incidência de gêneros discursivos digitais e não digitais nos diferentes livros analisados. Buscou-se entender os critérios de como são apresentados, bem como o tratamento dado ao gênero, cotejando a forma de abordagem proposta para os gêneros denominados digitais a outros gêneros predominantes na abordagem dos diferentes livros. Das quatro coleções analisadas, percebeu-se uma abordagem mais formalizada não só do ponto de vista da estrutura, mas também do ponto de vista dos recursos linguísticos que compõem os diferentes gêneros não digitais. Em contrapartida, pôde-se verificar uma incidência muito restrita de abordagem dos gêneros digitais. Os resultados nos levam a postular que esses são pouco frequentes nos livros didáticos mais adotados no estado e, quando são apresentados, há uma abordagem voltada somente para a sua estrutura, de forma metalinguística, sem preocupação com o uso social dos recursos utilizados nos gêneros digitais. Tal perspectiva nos levou ao segundo objetivo: propor a apresentação de uma sequência didática, cujo gênero central são os gêneros digitais, atendendo às habilidades e competências 1 e 9 do ENEM Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio. Neste sentido essas competências e habilidades visam a identificar as diferentes linguagens veiculadas na mídia; conhecer e dominar os recursos expressivos como caracterizadores dos sistemas de comunicação e informação, além de reconhecer a função social da linguagem, como também o impacto das ferramentas tecnológicas na vida pessoal e profissional. Estas habilidades e competências usam os dois pilares fundamentais: a função social do gênero e a aplicação do seu uso. A proposta apresentada baseia-se em uma concepção sóciohistórica de língua, considerando a importância de uma conscientização dos cidadãos, jovens em idade escolar, da importância social dos recursos tecnológicos, bem como a necessidade de ampliação do uso em uma sociedade multissemiótica