'They Shall Speak the Arabic Language and Take Pride in it': reconsidering the fate of Coptic after the Arab Conquest

The complaints on the adoption of Arabic by the Copts that are voiced by the Apocalypse of Pseudo-Samuel have often been quoted as the expiring words of the dying Coptic language. This article seeks to show that they are not to be taken so literally, and that they should rather be inserted in the context of a rift within the medieval Coptic church over the question of language choice, and beyond this, over that of accommodation with the Muslims. The use of Arabic by the episcopal church of Miṣr and by some prominent figures around it, which was linked to their proximity to the Fatimid court, was resented and denounced by more traditional circles, centred on the Patriarchate and on some important monasteries such as the one at Qalamūn where the Apocalypse was written. The suggestion is also made that the text is contemporary with the beginning of Coptic literary production in Arabic and with the introduction of Egyptian Christians at the caliphal court, namely in the last quarter of the tenth century, at the time of Severus ibn al-Muqqafa‘.

Chroniques /

Includes bibliographical references (p. [69]-84).

Gallus : dialogues sur les "vertus" de saint Martin /

Mode of access: Internet.

Praecepta syntaxeos, pro gymnasiis RR.PP. Societates Iesu, poruinciae Austriacae anni [1640]

Mode of access: Internet.

Petri Canisii ... Catechismus Graecolatinus /

Mode of access: Internet.

De fontibus, e quibus res ab Heliogabalo et Alexandro Severo gestae colliguntur.

Inaug.-Diss.--Amsterdam.

Zehn monate italienischer neutralität; was das italienische grünbuch sagt und verschweigt.

Mode of access: Internet.

Spieilegium romanum ...

t. X. Synodus cpolitana, Constantinus diaconus, Severus Ant., Leontius, Nicephorus patr., Nicolaus I. patr., Photius ad Armenios, et minora alia. Poggii epistolarum centuria et oratio.

Dictys Cretensis sive Lucii Septimii Ephermerides belli troiani...

Mode of access: Internet.

Severi Sancti Endeleichi rhetoris et poetae Christiani De mortibus boum carmen;

Bound with Cato, Valerius (grammarian) -- Carmina. 1838.

Lesbiacorum liber.

Mode of access: Internet.

P. Cornelii Severi Aetna & quae supersunt fragmenta /

Title vignette: publisher's device.

Ancient History pamphlets

A collection of miscellaneous pamphlets.

Sulpicii Severi libri qui supersunt.

Mode of access: Internet.

Relationship between sunlight and the age of onset of bipolar disorder:an international multisite study

Background - The onset of bipolar disorder is influenced by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. We previously found that a large increase in sunlight in springtime was associated with a lower age of onset. This study extends this analysis with more collection sites at diverse locations, and includes family history and polarity of first episode. Methods - Data from 4037 patients with bipolar I disorder were collected at 36 collection sites in 23 countries at latitudes spanning 3.2 north (N) to 63.4 N and 38.2 south (S) of the equator. The age of onset of the first episode, onset location, family history of mood disorders, and polarity of first episode were obtained retrospectively, from patient records and/or direct interview. Solar insolation data were obtained for the onset locations. Results - There was a large, significant inverse relationship between maximum monthly increase in solar insolation and age of onset, controlling for the country median age and the birth cohort. The effect was reduced by half if there was no family history. The maximum monthly increase in solar insolation occurred in springtime. The effect was one-third smaller for initial episodes of mania than depression. The largest maximum monthly increase in solar insolation occurred in northern latitudes such as Oslo, Norway, and warm and dry areas such as Los Angeles, California. Limitations - Recall bias for onset and family history data. Conclusions - A large springtime increase in sunlight may have an important influence on the onset of bipolar disorder, especially in those with a family history of mood disorders.