Cimentos endodônticos - selamento marginal apical imediato e após armazenamento de seis meses

Este trabalho avaliou o selamento marginal apical de canais radiculares obturados com os cimentos endodônticos Sealapex, Apexit, Sealer 26 e Ketac Endo. Utilizaram-se 136 raízes, cujos canais radiculares, após o preparo biomecânico, foram obturados pela técnica da condensação lateral ativa com os cimentos em estudo. Metade das amostras, imediatamente após as obturações, foram imersas na solução de azul de metileno a 2% e a outra metade após 6 meses de armazenamento em plasma sangüíneo humano. Observou-se que os cimentos Sealapex e Sealer 26 apresentaram infiltrações médias estatisticamente iguais entre si e menores que as observadas para os demais cimentos (p < 0,05). Amostras imersas no corante imediatamente após a obturação dos canais apresentaram infiltração média menor (0,829 mm) do que aquelas mantidas por 6 meses em plasma sangüíneo humano (1,275 mm). Estas diferenças foram estatisticamente significantes (p < 0,05).

Cimentos endodônticos: análise morfológica imediata e após seis meses utilizando microscopia de força atômica

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a morfologia dos cimentos Sealapex, Apexit, Sealer 26 (cimentos a base de hidróxido de cálcio) e Ketac Endo (cimento de ionômero de vidro), através da microscopia de força atômica, verificando-se as características de suas partículas após a obturação dos canais radiculares e após um período de seis meses de contato com o plasma sanguíneo humano. Utilizaram-se 16 dentes unirradiculares humanos extraídos e incluídos em blocos de resina após o preparo biomecânico. As raízes foram divididas em quatro grupos de quatro raízes cada e os canais radiculares obturados pela técnica de condensação lateral passiva com os cimentos em estudo. Verificou-se que o cimento Apexit foi o que mais sofreu desintegração após seis meses de imersão em plasma sanguíneo humano, seguido pelo Ketac Endo e Sealapex. Dentre todos os cimentos estudados, o Sealer 26 mostrou-se o mais uniforme e com a menor desintegração.

Evaluation of periapical repair following retrograde filling with different root-end filling materials in dog teeth with periapical lesions

Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate periapical repair following retrograde filling using different root-end filling materials.Study design. After induction of periapical lesions, 48 root canals from do teeth were partially filled. Endodontic surgery was performed and 3 different materials were used for root-end filling: Sealer 26, Sealapex plus zinc oxide, or mineral trioxide aggregate (NITA). No additional procedures were performed in the control group after partial filling of the root canal. After 180 days, the animals were killed, the rnaxillas and mandibles were removed, and specimens were submitted for histologic processing.Results. Histopathologic analysis revealed similar periapical repair for the groups in which Sealer 26, Sealapex plus zinc oxide, and MTA were used (P >.05). The control group showed unsatisfactory periapical repair W <.05).Conclusion. There was no difference in periapical tissue healing alter retrograde filling with the tested materials, which indicates that these 3 root-end filling materials are equally useful.

Glucose reactivity with filling materials as a limitation for using the glucose leakage model

Aim To evaluate the reactivity of different endodontic materials and sealers with glucose and to asses the reliability of the glucose leakage model in measuring penetration of glucose through these materials.Methodology Ten uniform discs (radius 5 mm, thickness 2 mm) were made of each of the following materials: Portland cement, MTA (grey and white), sealer 26, calcium sulphate, calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)(2)], AH26,Epiphany, Resilon, gutta-percha and dentine. After storing the discs for 1 week at 37 degrees C and humid conditions, they were immersed in 0.2 mg mL(-1) glucose solution in a test tube. The concentration of glucose was evaluated using an enzymatic reaction after 1 week. Statistical analysis was performed with the ANOVA and Dunnett tests at a significant level of P < 0.05.Results Portland cement, MTA, Ca(OH)(2) and sealer 26 reduced the concentration in the test tube of glucose significantly after 1 week (P < 0.05). Calcium sulphate reduced the concentration of glucose, but the difference in concentrations was not significant (P = 0.054).Conclusions Portland cement, MTA, Ca(OH)(2) and sealer 26 react with a 0.2 mg mL(-1) glucose solution. Therefore, these materials should not be evaluated for sealing ability with the glucose leakage model.

pH changes at the surface of root dentin when using root canal sealers containing calcium hydroxide

The purpose of this study was to investigate long-term pH changes in cavities prepared in root surface dentin of extracted teeth after obturation of the root canal with gutta-percha and a variety of sealers containing calcium hydroxide. After cleaning and shaping, root canals in 50 recently extracted, human single-rooted teeth were divided into five groups. Each of four groups was obturated with gutta-percha and either Sealapex, Sealer 26, Apexit, or CRCS, all of which contain calcium hydroxide. The remaining group served as the control and was not obturated with gutta-percha or sealer. Cavities were prepared in the facial surface of the roots in the cervical and middle regions. The pH was measured in these dentinal cavities at the initiation of the experiment, and 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 45, 60, 90, and 120 days after obturation. Results indicate that the pH at the surface of the root does not become alkaline when calcium hydroxide cements are used as root canal sealers. Regardless of the sealer used, the observed pattern of pH change was not different from that seen in the control group of roots that were not treated with sealer. It is concluded that calcium hydroxide-containing cements, although suitable for use as root canal sealants, do not produce an alkaline pH at the root surface. If such a pH change is related to treatment of root resorption, these sealants do not contribute to this treatment. Copyright © 1996 by The American Association of Endodontists.

Calcium hydroxide root canal sealers: Evaluation of pH, calcium ion concentration and conductivity

The calcium hydroxide ionization of four root canal sealers (Sealapex, CRCS, Sealer 26, and Apexit) was studied by measuring conductivity and pH and by conducting atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Samples 6 mm in diameter and 15 mm long were prepared from these sealers. After setting and 48 h storage in a desiccator, five samples of each material were placed in 50 mL distilled water and analysed after 0,1,2,4, 6 and 24 h and 5, 15 and 30 days. The results showed that Sealapex was the root canal sealer showing the highest pH, ionic calcium and total calcium values (P<0.05) throughout the experimental period, followed by CRCS, Apexit and Sealer 26.

Evaluation of cell culture cytotoxicity of five root canal sealers

The cytotoxicity of four calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealers (Sealapex, CRCS, Apexit, and Sealer 26) and one zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealer (Fill Canal) was evaluated microscopically for morphological changes in rat peritoneal macrophages. The least cytotoxic sealer was Fill Canal, followed in increasing order of cytotoxicity by CRCS, Sealer 26, Apexit, and Sealapex. Copyright © 2000 by The American Association of Endodontists.

Calcium salts deposition in rat connective tissue after the implantation of calcium hydroxide-containing sealers

This study was conducted to observe the rat subcutaneous connective tissue reaction to implanted dentin tubes that were filled with mineral trioxide aggregate, Sealapex, Calciobiotic Root Canal Sealer (CRCS), Sealer 26, and the experimental material, Sealer Plus. The animals were sacrificed after 7 and 30 days, and the specimens were prepared for histological analysis after serial sections with a hard-tissue microtome. The undecalcified sections were examined with polarized light after staining according to the Von Kossa technique for calcium. At the tube openings, there were Von Kossa-positive granules that were birefringent to polarized light. Next to these granulations, there was irregular tissue, like a bridge, that was Von Kossa-positive. The dentin walls of the tubes exhibited a structure highly birefringent to polarized light, usually like a layer, in the tubules. These results were observed with all the studied materials, except the CRCS, which didn't exhibit any kind of mineralized structure. The results suggest that among the materials studied, the CRCS could have the least possibility of encouraging hard tissue deposition.

In vitro antimicrobial activity of endodontic sealers, MTA-based cements and Portland cement.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of different root-end filling materials - Sealer 26, Sealapex with zinc oxide, zinc oxide and eugenol, white and gray Portland cement, white and gray MTA-Angelus, and gray Pro Root MTA - against six different microorganism strains. The agar diffusion method was used. A base layer was made using Müller-Hinton agar (MH) and wells were formed by removing the agar. The materials were placed in the wells immediately after manipulation. The microorganisms used were: Micrococcus luteus (ATCC9341), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538), Escherichia coli (ATCC10538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 10541). The plates were kept at room temperature for 2 h for prediffusion and then incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride 0.05% gel was added for optimization, and the zones of inhibition were measured. Data were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests at a 5% significance level. The results showed that all materials had antimicrobial activity against all the tested strains. Analysis of the efficacy of the materials against the microbial strains showed that Sealapex with zinc oxide, zinc oxide and eugenol and Sealer 26 created larger inhibition halos than the MTA-based and Portland cements (P < 0.05). On the basis of the methodology used, it may be concluded that all endodontic sealers, MTA-based and Portland cements evaluated in this study possess antimicrobial activity, particularly the endodontic sealers.

Antimicrobial activity of endodontic sealers based on calcium hydroxide and MTA.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a new root canal sealer containing calcium hydroxide (Acroseal) and the root canal sealer based on MTA (Endo CPM Sealer), in comparison with traditional sealers (Sealapex, Sealer 26 and Intrafill) and white MTA-Angelus, against five different microorganism strains. The materials and their components were evaluated after manipulation, employing the agar diffusion method. A base layer was made using Müller-Hinton agar (MH) and wells were made by removing agar. The materials were placed into the wells immediately after manipulation. The microorganisms used were: Micrococcus luteus (ATCC9341), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 10541). The plates were kept at room temperature for 2 h for prediffusion and then incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h. The results showed that Sealapex and its base paste, Sealer 26 and its powder, Endo CPM Sealer and its powder, white MTA and its powder all presented antimicrobial activity against all strains. Intrafill and its liquid presented antimicrobial activity against all strains except P. aeruginosa and Acroseal was effective only against M. luteus and S. aureus.

Radiopacity evaluation of root canal sealers containing calcium hydroxide and MTA

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of root canal sealers containing calcium hydroxide and MTA (Acroseal, Sealer 26, Sealapex, Endo CPM Sealer, Epiphany and Intrafill). Five disc-shaped specimens (10 x 1 mm) were fabricated from each material, according to the ISO 6876/2001 standard. After setting of the materials, radiographs were taken using occlusal film and a graduated aluminum stepwedge varying from 2 to 16 mm in thickness. The dental X-ray unit (GE1000) was set at 50 kVp, 10 mA, 18 pulses/s and distance of 33.5 cm. The radiographs were digitized and the radiopacity compared to that of the aluminum stepwedge using VIXWIN-2000 software (Gendex). The data (mmAl) were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test at the 5% significance level. Epiphany and Intrafill presented the highest radiopacity values (8.3 mmAl and 7.5 mmAl respectively, p < 0.05) followed by Sealer 26 (6.3 mmAl), Sealapex (6.1 mmAl) and Endo CPM Sealer (6 mmAl). Acroseal was the least radiopaque material (4 mmAl, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the calcium hydroxide- and MTA-containing root canal sealers had different radiopacities. However, all materials presented radiopacity values above the minimum recommended by the ISO standard. © 2009 Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica.

Sealing ability of retrograde obturation materials containing calcium hydroxide or MTA

Newly available materials for retrograde obturation should have their sealing properties evaluated. The goal of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of Endo CPM sealer, an MTA-based endodontic cement. Single-rooted extracted human teeth were endodontically treated. After apical sectioning, retrograde cavities were prepared. Teeth were divided into five experimental groups (n=12), in which the following materials were used: Sealer 26 (S26), white Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Endo CPM Sealer (CPM1), Endo CPM Sealer in thicker consistency (CPM 2), and zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE), and two control groups (n=3). After retrograde obturation, the teeth were immersed in 0.2% rhodamine B dye for 48 hours in a vacuum chamber Marginal leakage data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey tests at 5% significance level. S26 presented greater sealing ability (p<0.05) than ZOE, MTA, CPM1, and CPM2, all of which had similar results (p>0.05). We concluded that Sealer 26 has the greatest sealing ability. Endo CPM Sealer, with sealing ability similar to MTA, could be used as a retrograde obturation material.

Antibiofilm activity, pH and solubility of endodontic sealers

Aim: To evaluate antibiofilm activity against Enterococcus faecalis, pH and solubility of AH Plus, Sealer 26, Epiphany SE, Sealapex, Activ GP, MTA Fillapex (MTA-F) and an experimental MTA-based Sealer (MTA-S). Methodology: Sealer samples were manipulated and stored for 2 or 7 days. Prepared sealers were evaluated by a modified direct contact test (DCT) for 5 h, 10 h or 15 h with biofilm previously induced on bovine dentine for 14 days. In the control group, the biofilm was not exposed to the sealers. The number of colony-forming units (CFU mL-1) in the remaining biofilm was determined. Sealer solubility was assessed by the percentage of mass loss after 15 h of immersion in distilled water. Sealer pH was measured at 5 h, 10 h and 15 h. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn or anova and Tamhane's T2 tests, at 5% significance. Results: At 2 days post-manipulation, the DCT showed that Sealapex and MTA-F were associated with a reduction in the number of bacteria in all 3 contact periods evaluated, compared with the control group (P < 0.05). At 7 days, Sealapex had the greatest antibiofilm action at 10 h and 15 h. Sealapex had the highest pH values 2 and 7 days post-manipulation. Regarding the solubility, at 2 days the highest values were observed for MTA-F, MTA-S, Sealapex and Activ GP (P < 0.05). At 7 days, MTA-S and MTA-F had greater solubility than the other materials (P < 0.05). AH Plus had the lowest solubility for both post-manipulation periods (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Sealapex and MTA-F were associated with a reduction in the number of bacteria in biofilms and had greater solubility. The high solubility and pH may be related to the antibacterial activity of these materials. © 2012 International Endodontic Journal.

Análise do pH, da liberação de íons cálcio e da capacidade seladora de cimentos contendo hidróxido de cálcio e MTA utilizados em obturação retrógrada

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Influência dos corantes Azul de Metileno a 2% e Rodamina B a 2% na determinação da capacidade seladora apical de diferentes cimentos endodônticos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)