Considera����es sobre o papel da comunica����o cient��fica na educa����o em qu��mica

In the present work, we provide some considerations about the role of scientific communication in Chemistry Education. Such considerations may subsidize the development of communication in scientific language by Chemistry students. These considerations are based on information collected during a participatory research for the production of didactic material about scientific communication. The meetings were audio recorded and the contents of the participants' speeches were divided into categories. The category analysis supported the elaboration of the considerations.

Peri��dicos cient��ficos eletr��nicos: defini����es e hist��rico

The scientific electronic journal have had many transformations since its begginings in the 70's till nowadays. This papes discusses the definitions of scientific eletronic journal presented in the literature and traces a brief historic of its development in the last three decades, including the modifications occurred since it appeared only in paper support till that publications developed just to the online environment. Discuss some brazilian experiences like ProBe, SciElo and Portal Periodicos Capes.

Caracteriza����o da amostra portuguesa da ��rea da sa��de na Web of Science

Introdu����o: A produ����o e o uso da literatura cient��fica s��o analisados, quantificados e interpretados pela bibliometria, ci��ncia utilizada para estudos m��tricos da informa����o publicada e que estuda as quest��es relacionadas com a comunica����o cient��fica e a atividade cient��fica. Objetivo: O estudo apresentado �� uma an��lise bibliom��trica da produ����o cient��fica portuguesa da ��rea da sa��de indexada na Web of Science. M��todos: Analisa-se a produ����o referente ao per��odo entre 1992 e final de 2011. A an��lise da produ����o cient��fica centrou-se nas seguintes vari��veis: categorias de classifica����o da Web of Science, tipologia de documentos indexados, t��tulos de revistas, distribui����o por anos de publica����o, afilia����o institucional, idiomas, pa��ses de origem dos autores com quem foram estabelecidas rela����es de parceria cient��fica e quem facultou os financiamentos �� investiga����o cient��fica. Resultados: Foram contabilizados 34.208 trabalhos. Destes, o artigo �� a forma mais utilizada pelos autores portugueses para a divulga����o dos resultados de investiga����o (58,5%). A d��cada mais recente �� contemplada com 75,4% dos registos. A maioria da produ����o com visibilidade internacional �� oriunda de universidades e de centros de investiga����o hospitalar; institutos, laborat��rios da ind��stria farmac��utica e universidades estrangeiras t��m valores residuais. A colabora����o com outros investigadores internacionais destaca-se no caso da Europa (73,2%). O financiamento da investiga����o cient��fica �� suportado basicamente pela Funda����o para a Ci��ncia e Tecnologia (59,5%), seguida da Comiss��o Europeia (17,8%). O ingl��s �� o idioma mais usado para a divulga����o dos resultados de investiga����o nacional na ��rea da sa��de (97,8%). Conclus��es: O uso de bases de dados ou de plataformas cient��ficas para estudos bibliom��tricos �� um processo moroso e dif��cil. O total de trabalhos em an��lise foi sempre o mesmo mas, em algumas vari��veis, os valores n��o coincidem, quer porque alguns dos registos foram classificados em mais do que uma categoria tem��tica, quer pelos trabalhos multidisciplinares oriundos das mesmas institui����es, quer pelos trabalhos de colabora����o internacional. Tamb��m no presente estudo os artigos s��o o ve��culo privilegiado para a divulga����o dos resultados cient��ficos. Apontamento final: deve encorajar-se a utiliza����o de outras plataformas cient��ficas e de outras bases de dados para uma mais completa recupera����o da produ����o cient��fica nacional na ��rea da sa��de. Introduction: The production and the use of the scientific literature are analyzed, quantified and interpreted by bibliometry. Bibliometry is the science used in published information metric studies and studies the questions of scientific communication and the scientific production. Aim of the study: This study presents a bibliometric analysis of the indexed Web of Science Portuguese scientific production in the health field. Methods: We analyzed the production from 1992 to the end of 2011. This analysis focused in several variables: general categories areas of Web of Science, indexed document types, source titles, publication years, group/corporate authors, languages, identification of the countries with scientific partnerships and identification of the funding agencies for scientific research. Results: We found 34.208 works. From this, the article is the most common channel for disseminating the research results (58.5%). The most recent decade has 75.4% of the total of records. Most of the production with international visibility becomes from universities and hospital research centers; institutes, pharmaceutical labs or foreign universities have residual values. Collaborating with other international researchers is very common, particularly with Europe (73.2%). In general, the Funda����o para a Ci��ncia e Tecnologia supports the scientific research (59.5%), followed by the European Commission (17.8%). The language commonly used for disseminating the research results in health is the English (97.8%). Conclusions: Using databases or scientific platforms for bibliometric studies is a hard and difficult process. The total of works analyzed was always the same but, with some variables, the numbers does not coincide: a) some of the registries were classified in several categories; b) some of the multidisciplinary works were from the same institution; c) the large number of international partnership. In this study, articles are the privileged way for disseminating the scientific results. A last thought: the use of other scientific platforms and databases should be encouraged for a more complete retrieval of the national research production in health.

Caracteriza����o da amostra portuguesa da ��rea da sa��de na Web of Science

Introdu����o: A produ����o e o uso da literatura cient��fica s��o analisados, quantificados e interpretados pela bibliometria, ci��ncia utilizada para estudos m��tricos da informa����o publicada e que estuda as quest��es relacionadas com a comunica����o cient��fica e a atividade cient��fica. Objetivo: O estudo apresentado �� uma an��lise bibliom��trica da produ����o cient��fica portuguesa da ��rea da sa��de indexada na Web of Science. M��todos: Analisa-se a produ����o referente ao per��odo entre 1992 e final de 2011. A an��lise da produ����o cient��fica centrou-se nas seguintes vari��veis: categorias de classifica����o da Web of Science, tipologia de documentos indexados, t��tulos de revistas, distribui����o por anos de publica����o, afilia����o institucional, idiomas, pa��ses de origem dos autores com quem foram estabelecidas rela����es de parceria cient��fica e quem facultou os financiamentos �� investiga����o cient��fica. Resultados: Foram contabilizados 34.208 trabalhos. Destes, o artigo �� a forma mais utilizada pelos autores portugueses para a divulga����o dos resultados de investiga����o (58,5%). A d��cada mais recente �� contemplada com 75,4% dos registos. A maioria da produ����o com visibilidade internacional �� oriunda de universidades e de centros de investiga����o hospitalar; institutos, laborat��rios da ind��stria farmac��utica e universidades estrangeiras t��m valores residuais. A colabora����o com outros investigadores internacionais destaca-se no caso da Europa (73,2%). O financiamento da investiga����o cient��fica �� suportado basicamente pela Funda����o para a Ci��ncia e Tecnologia (59,5%), seguida da Comiss��o Europeia (17,8%). O ingl��s �� o idioma mais usado para a divulga����o dos resultados de investiga����o nacional na ��rea da sa��de (97,8%). Conclus��es: O uso de bases de dados ou de plataformas cient��ficas para estudos bibliom��tricos �� um processo moroso e dif��cil. O total de trabalhos em an��lise foi sempre o mesmo mas, em algumas vari��veis, os valores n��o coincidem, quer porque alguns dos registos foram classificados em mais do que uma categoria tem��tica, quer pelos trabalhos multidisciplinares oriundos das mesmas institui����es, quer pelos trabalhos de colabora����o internacional. Tamb��m no presente estudo os artigos s��o o ve��culo privilegiado para a divulga����o dos resultados cient��ficos. Apontamento final: deve encorajar-se a utiliza����o de outras plataformas cient��ficas e de outras bases de dados para uma mais completa recupera����o da produ����o cient��fica nacional na ��rea da sa��de. Introduction: The production and the use of the scientific literature are analyzed, quantified and interpreted by bibliometry. Bibliometry is the science used in published information metric studies and studies the questions of scientific communication and the scientific production. Aim of the study: This study presents a bibliometric analysis of the indexed Web of Science Portuguese scientific production in the health field. Methods: We analyzed the production from 1992 to the end of 2011. This analysis focused in several variables: general categories areas of Web of Science, indexed document types, source titles, publication years, group/corporate authors, languages, identification of the countries with scientific partnerships and identification of the funding agencies for scientific research. Results: We found 34.208 works. From this, the article is the most common channel for disseminating the research results (58.5%). The most recent decade has 75.4% of the total of records. Most of the production with international visibility becomes from universities and hospital research centers; institutes, pharmaceutical labs or foreign universities have residual values. Collaborating with other international researchers is very common, particularly with Europe (73.2%). In general, the Funda����o para a Ci��ncia e Tecnologia supports the scientific research (59.5%), followed by the European Commission (17.8%). The language commonly used for disseminating the research results in health is the English (97.8%). Conclusions: Using databases or scientific platforms for bibliometric studies is a hard and difficult process. The total of works analyzed was always the same but, with some variables, the numbers does not coincide: a) some of the registries were classified in several categories; b) some of the multidisciplinary works were from the same institution; c) the large number of international partnership. In this study, articles are the privileged way for disseminating the scientific results. A last thought: the use of other scientific platforms and databases should be encouraged for a more complete retrieval of the national research production in health.

Public health and the knowledge industry

Knowledge plays an important role in health care. The production and diffusion of health-related knowledge are increasingly under the control of private commercial interests, which are characterized by conflicts of interests that result in abuses of power. Considerable research has been done on the medical-industrial complex and its role in the production of power imbalances and the consequent abuses, but little attention has been dedicated to the role played by the publishing industry, which can be subject to the same problems. The widely diffused idea that "frequent and major changes" occur in medicine, albeit unsupported by clearcut evidence, is an effective marketing tool for both the pharmaceutical and publishing industries, who feed and thrive on physicians' insecurities. The production and distribution of knowledge should be addressed as a strategic component of public health.

Aspectos ��ticos de las comunicaciones cientificas

Art��culo especial. Este texto est�� basado en el trabajo final del Master de Bio��tica y Humanizaci��n de la Asistencia realizado en la Escuela de Bio��tica de San Juan de Dios (Sevilla), Facultad de Teolog��a de Granada, Universidad de Comillas durante los cursos 2006-07 y 2007-08.

An��lisis de las de las funcionalidades 2.0 ofrecidas por los repositorios espa��oles

Els Repositoris Institucionals suposen un element nou en l'entorn universitari pel que fa a la comunicaci�� cient��fica i a la pres��ncia digital de la producci�� de les universitats. Per�� l'entorn digital evoluciona molt r��pidament, aix�� com els diferents agents implicats en la publicaci�� cient��fica. El canvi m��s important en la comunicaci�� web que s'ha donat en els ��ltims anys ha estat l'aparici�� dels serveis englobats sota l'etiqueta Web 2.0 en qu�� s'inclouen diferents serveis per compartir enlla��os, objectes digitals, gestionar relacions socials, reutilitzar informaci��, etc. Algunes publicacions cient��fiques ja estan oferint aquest tipus de serveis. El present treball analitza el grau d'implantaci�� d'aquest tipus de serveis en l'��mbit dels dip��sits institucionals espanyols. Per aix�� en primer lloc s'identifiquen els tipus de serveis considerats 2.0 i que poden ser d'utilitat per a la comunicaci�� cient��fica. En segon lloc es comptabilitza quines d'aquestes possibilitats son ofertes pels repositoris i per ��ltim s'analitzen els resultats per a comprovar les accions realitzades i identificar les possibles l��nies de millora.

Perspectivas para la sostenibilidad y la preservaci��n de los repositorios institucionales

La comunicaci�� cient��fica t�� en els dip��sits institucionals una de les seves instruments fonamentals. En els ��ltims anys estem observant un r��pid creixement en el nombre de dip��sits i tamb�� en el volum dels seus continguts. A la vegada es constata que els esfor��os s'estan concentrant en incrementar la seva pres��ncia i en afavorir el dip��sit de noves obres per part dels seus autors. Pel contrari, es troben a faltar pol��tiques i accions que prevegin i assegurin la sostenibilitat i la preservaci�� futura dels dip��sits. La comunicaci�� analitzar�� la realitat actual, a nivell espanyol i internacional, de les accions a favor de la preservaci�� dels dip��sits institucionals, entre elles: els programaris utilitzats i l'exist��ncia de pol��tiques expl��cites. Finalment es desenvoluparan els elements m��nims que hauria de contenir un pla d'acci�� per assegurar la sostenibilitat i la preservaci�� futura de qualsevol arxiu.

Estudio bibliom��trico de la revista Nutrici��n Hospitalaria en el periodo 2001 a 2005: Parte I, An��lisis de la producci��n cient��fica.

OBJECTIVE To assess the scientific activity and information production of the journal Nutrici��n Hospitalaria, for the period 2001-2005 by means of a Bibliometric study. METHOD Cross-sectional descriptive study of the results obtained from the analysis of the articles published in the journal Nutrici��n Hospitalaria. The data were obtained by consulting the electronic version through the Web. In those cases in which there was a link breakdown, and thus, the inability to have access to the electronic document the printed version was consulted. All the documental possibilities were taken into account with the exception of communications to congresses. RESULTS A total of 345 articles were published, 187 (54.20%) being original articles. The geographical distribution of the first author was Spanish in 287 articles (83.19%) and Latin American in 27 (7.83%). Most of the articles are from health care centers (172 articles (49.86%)), and the cooperation index being 4.15. Madrid is the most productive province, for both the absolute and adjusted frequencies. The median number of references per article is 18, the mean being 23.52 (95% CI 20.93 - 26.10). The predominant language was Spanish, with 308 articles (89.28%). CONCLUSION Nutrici��n Hospitalaria may be considered as a reference journal regarding information and scientific communication on Nutrition for both the Spanish and Latin American communities. The bibliometric parameters studied compare with those verified for the remaining top of the list Spanish scientific journals on health sciences.

An��lisis de la producci��n cient��fica visible en internet de los t��cnicos de salud ambiental del Servicio Andaluz de Salud

Internet it is a powerful interactive communication channel with world scope, through which can be multiplied the visibility of the research of the professionals whose scientific production has a difficult diffusion by the conventionals media. It is presented an analysis of the scientific publications observed in the web in order to understand the different communication processes accomplished by the superior corps of environmental health technical of the Andalusian Health Service. Using the nominal relationship of the professionals, we used Google ���search engine��� for all scientific publications located in the internet; we were made different bibliometric indicators as of the recovered records and was analyzed the time evolution of the scientific production, documental categories, geografic distribution, language, coauthors and institutional collaboration. It was identified a growing trend in the productivity of the publications in the last decade, mainly through communications to congresses (70.4%) and journals articles (16.9%). The publications mainly are located in spanish journals, that they are indexed on national and international databases. In all the Andalusian provinces was identified some published scientific communication. The indicator of coauthors is very high (95.77%) although the institutional participation is limited mainly to the primary attention districts, occupational centers of each professional (85.21%). The scientific publication patterns visualized in the web represent an important contribution for the knowledge of the characteristics of the environmental health professionals of the Andalusian health service, what provides avaluable information for the support of the information systems in public health.

Les set vides del paper: formats de presentaci�� i models de distribuci�� en l��nia dels treballs publicats en revistes cient��fiques digitals

Study of the publication models and the means of accessing scientific literature in the current environment of digital communication and the web. The text introduces the concept of journal article as a well-defined and stable unit within the publishing world, and as a nucleus on which professional and scholarly communication has been based since its beginnings in the 17th century. The transformation of scientific communication that the digital world has enabled is analysed. Descriptions are provided of some of the practices undertaken by authors, research organisations, publishers and library-related institutions as a response to the new possibilities being unveiled for articles, both as products as well as for their creation and distribution processes. These transformations affect the very nature of articles as a minimal unit -both unique and stable- of scientific communication. The article concludes by noting that under varying documentary forms of publisher aggregation and bibliographic control -sometimes simultaneously and, even, apparently contradictory- there flourishes a more pluralistic type of scientific communication. This pluralism offers: more possibilities for communication among authors; fewer levels of intermediaries such as agents that intervene and provide added value to the products; greater availability for users both economically speaking and from the point of view of access; and greater interaction and wealth of contents, thanks to the new hypertext and multimedia possibilities.

Editorial research and the publication process in biomedicine and health: Report from the Esteve Foundation Discussion Group, December 2012.

Despite the fact that there are more than twenty thousand biomedical journals in the world, research into the work of editors and publication process in biomedical and health care journals is rare. In December 2012, the Esteve Foundation, a non-profit scientific institution that fosters progress in pharmacotherapy by means of scientific communication and discussion organized a discussion group of 7 editors and/or experts in peer review biomedical publishing. They presented findings of past editorial research, discussed the lack of competitive funding schemes and specialized journals for dissemination of editorial research, and reported on the great diversity of misconduct and conflict of interest policies, as well as adherence to reporting guidelines. Furthermore, they reported on the reluctance of editors to investigate allegations of misconduct or increase the level of data sharing in health research. In the end, they concluded that if editors are to remain gatekeepers of scientific knowledge they should reaffirm their focus on the integrity of the scientific record and completeness of the data they publish. Additionally, more research should be undertaken to understand why many journals are not adhering to editorial standards, and what obstacles editors face when engaging in editorial research.

Transfer��ncia cient��fica a l'Institut de Ci��ncia i Tecnologia Ambientals : an��lisi de la vinculaci�� universitat - societat

Aquest projecte ha estat impulsat per l���Observatori de la Divulgaci�� de la Ci��ncia (ODC) de la UAB i dut a terme a l���Institut de Ci��ncia i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA). Est�� emmarcat dins el marc del nou Programa Europeu Horizon 2020 i m��s espec��ficament dels conceptes establerts per la RRI. L���objectiu d���aquest projecte ��s analitzar la comunicaci�� cient��fica que duu a terme l���ICTA cap a al societat i con��ixer la filosofia, els incentius i la motivaci�� de l���ICTA i els seus investigadors per donar a con��ixer la seva recerca a la ciutadania. L���an��lisi de la comunicaci�� de l���ICTA consta d���un an��lisi del contingut de la p��gina web del centre de recerca, una entrevista feta a la directora de l���institut i un q��estionari realitzat a 14 investigadors Les formes de comunicaci�� que m��s utilitzen s��n els articles cient��fics en revistes dirigides a p��blic acad��mic. Respecte la comunicaci�� no acad��mica, s���ha pogut observar que la majoria dels investigadors, tot i la manca de facilitats realitzaven activitats per inter��s personal, molts cops per��, no comuniquen la seva recerca, principalment perqu�� tenen altres tasques de doc��ncia, de recerca i gesti�� per atendre. Hi ha una minoria que es refereix a la comunicaci�� cient��fica com un ���estil essencialment vocacional���. Per tal d���impulsar i promoure una estrat��gia cont��nua i efectiva de comunicaci�� cient��fica cal definir un pla de comunicaci�� a nivell institucional que contribueixi a millorar les capacitats divulgatives, comunicatives i educatives de l���ICTA per tal d���ajudar a les persones que hi fan recerca a apropar la seva tasca a la societat a la que pertanyen.

Gold or green: the debate on Open Access policies

The movement for open access to science seeks to achieve unrestricted and free access to academic publications on the Internet. To this end, two mechanisms have been established: the gold road, in which scientific journals are openly accessible, and the green road, in which publications are self-archived in repositories. The publication of the Finch Report in 2012, advocating exclusively the adoption of the gold road, generated a debate as to whether either of the two options should be prioritized. The recommendations of the Finch Report stirred controversy among academicians specialized in open access issues, who felt that the role played by repositories was not adequately considered and because the green road places the burden of publishing costs basically on authors. The Finch Report"s conclusions are compatible with the characteristics of science communication in the UK and they could surely also be applied to the (few) countries with a powerful publishing industry and substantial research funding. In Spain, both the current national legislation and the existing rules at universities largely advocate the green road. This is directly related to the structure of scientific communication in Spain, where many journals have little commercial significance, the system of charging a fee to authors has not been adopted, and there is a good repository infrastructure. As for open access policies, the performance of the scientific communication system in each country should be carefully analyzed to determine the most suitable open access strategy. [Int Microbiol 2013; 16(3):199-203]

Estudos de caso em qu��mica

The case-study method of instruction is increasing in popularity and instructors of various scientific disciplines are adopting this method for their courses. Its effectiveness suggests that there is a need for such resources to be used in chemistry education. In this paper we describe this method in detail and present our use of cases in a scientific communication course offered to undergraduate chemistry students at the University of S��o Paulo. The description of the method and the example of its use may be helpful for faculty members who wish to explore new ways to engage students more deeply in their learning and to reinvigorate their own teachig practice.