Basic illocutions in the native languages of Brazil

This paper shows that the distribution of basic illocutions (defined as grammatical structures that can be related to a default communicative intentions) within and across the indigenous languages of Brazil can be described systematically in terms of a set of implicational hierarchies by means of which the existence of certain basic illocutions can be predicted from the existence of others. In doing so, a case is made for a major distinction between propositional and behavioural basic illocutions, the former having to do with the exchange of information, the latter with influencing behaviour.

Bias in the indexing languages Theorethical approaches about feminine issues

The process of knowledge representation as well as its procedures or tools and its products are not neutral in terms of values; instead they imply moral values. In this context, bias in representation related to prejudice and discrimination, to gender issues, to dicotomic categorization in classification systems or in thesauri and to lack of cultural warrant may arise. Concerning the problem of bias in indexing languages, starting from the initial theoretical reflexions of Brey (1999), Berman (1993), Olson (1998; 2002), Lopez-Huertas Perez & Torres Ramirez (2005), Guimaraes (2006), Hjorland (2008) and Milani et al. (2009), the proposal is to present a preliminary categorization aiming at facilitating the identification of bias concerning feminine issues in indexing languages, to offer a contribution to the theoretical universe of the specific questions of knowledge organization and to present a theme to be discussed by educators and professionals in the areas of cataloging, classification and indexing. If in a society which intends to be politically correct, social attitudes towards stigmatized citizens should be modified, then, the universe of indexing languages, taken as tools of knowledge representation, is a fertile field to sow this reflexion.

Four types of evidentiality in the native languages of Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Why Smalltalk Wins the Host Languages Shootout

Integration of multiple languages into each other and into an existing development environment is a difficult task. As a consequence, developers often end up using only internal DSLs that strictly rely on the constraints imposed by the host language. Infrastructures do exist to mix languages, but they often do it at the price of losing the development tools of the host language. Instead of inventing a completely new infrastructure, our solution is to integrate new languages deeply into the existing host environment and reuse the infrastructure offered by it. In this paper we show why Smalltalk is the best practical choice for such a host language.

A bibliographical guide to the Romance languages and literatures,

Mode of access: Internet.

A bibliographical guide to the Romance languages and literatures,

Mode of access: Internet.

A practical grammar of the Sanskrit language arranged with reference to the classical languages of Europe, for the use of English students /

Mode of access: Internet.

A concise dictionary of the Assyrian languages

Vol. 1 has t.-p.: Assyrisch-Englisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch; herausgegeben von W. Muss-Arnolt ...

Notes on Northern Africa, the Sahara and Soudan, in relation to the ethnography, languages, history, political and social condition, of the nations of those countries.

Photocopy.

Illustrations of the different languages and dialects in which the Holy Bible in whole or part has been printed and circulated by the American Bible Society and the British and Foreign Bible Society.

Specimen verses; John III. 16.

A sketch of the modern languages of the East Indies. Accompanied by two language-maps.

Includes indexes.

The common origin of the Oceanic languages.

Mode of access: Internet.