Detection of unusual mutation within the VP1 region of different re-isolates of poliovirus Sabin vaccine

In the present study, a genomic analysis of full VP1 sequence region of 15 clinical re-isolates (14 healthy vaccinees and one bone marrow tumor patient) was conducted, aiming to the identification of mutations and to the assessment of their impact on virus fitness, providing also insights relevant with the natural evolution of Sabin strains. Clinical re-isolates were analyzed by RT-PCR, sequencing and computational analysis. Some re-isolates were characterized by an unusual mutational pattern in which non-synonymous mutations outnumbered the synonymous ones. Furthermore, the majority of amino-acid substitutions were located in the capsid exterior, specifically in N-Ags, near N-Ags and in the north rim of the canyon. Also mutations, which are well-known determinants of attenuation, were identified. The results of this study propose that some re-isolates are characterized by an evolutionary pattern in which non-synonymous mutations with a direct phenotypic impact on viral fitness are fixed in viral genomes, in spite of synonymous ones with no phenotypic impact on viral fitness. Results of the present retrospective characterization of Sabin clinical re-isolates, based on the full VP1 sequence, suggest that vaccine-derived viruses may make their way through narrow breaches and may evolve into transmissible pathogens even in adequately immunized populations. For this reason increased poliovirus laboratory surveillance should be permanent and full VP1 sequence analysis should be conducted even in isolates originating from healthy vaccinees.

Genomic analysis of recombinant Sabin clinical isolates

Recombination in Poliovirus vaccine strains is a very frequent phenomenon. In this report 23 polio/Sabin strains isolated from healthy vaccinees or from VAPP patients after OPV administration, were investigated in order to identify recombination sites from 2C to 3D regions of the poliovirus genome. RT-PCR, followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) screening analysis were applied in four distant genomic regions (5' UTR, VP1, 2C and 3C-3D) in order to detect any putative recombinant. The detected recombinants were sequenced from 2C to the end of the genome (3' UTR) and the exact recombination sites were determined with computational analysis. Five of the 23 isolated strains were recombinant in one genomic region, two of them in 2C, isolates EP16:S3/S2, EP23:S3/S1, two in 3D isolates EP6:S2/S1, EP12:S2/S1 and one in 3A isolate EP9:S2/Sl. Point mutations were found in strains EP3, EP6, EP9 and EP12. Recombination specific types and sites re-occurrence along with point mutations are discussed concerning the polioviruses evolution.

Lecciones de ortografía del euskera bizkaino / por Arana eta Goiri'tar Sabin.

URQUIJO 372

Artículos publicados en la 1a. época de "Euskadi" : revista de Ciencias, Bellas Artes y Letras de Bilbao por Arana-Goiri'ttarr Sabin : 1901.

Tit. del lomo : Artículos publicados en 1901 en la revista Euskadi

Olerkijak / Arana-Goiri'ttar Sabin.

Dialecto : texto en euskera occidental -- vizcaíno purista

De su alma y de su pluma : (colección de pensamientos, seleccionados en los escritos del nacionalismo vasco) / Arana-Goiri'tar Sabin.

Publicado con motivo de la celebración de las "Bodas de oro" del Nacionalismo Vasco, 1882-1932

L.A.V. Madrid-Zaragoza-Barcelona. Tramo: Calatayud-Plasencia de Jalón. Subtramo: Sabiñán-Ricla : mejora de trazado apto para tráfico mixto

El objeto del proyecto consiste en analizar con el suficiente grado de detalle y precisión, las soluciones para la mejora del trazado de la línea de alta velocidad entre las localidades de Sabiñán y Ricla, seleccionando la alternativa más ventajosa para su desarrollo en estudios posteriores. Los objetivos planteados fueron reducir en gran medida los tiempos actuales de recorrido entre Madrid y Barcelona, aumentando la velocidad de los trenes hasta los 400 km/h, y la adecuación del trazado para el tráfico de trenes de mercancías. Con ello se busca como objetivo final el aumento de la participación del ferrocarril en la demanda global del transporte. El Estudio Informativo se ocupa de las definiciones necesarias tanto técnicas y ambientales, como presupuestarias teniendo siempre presente los puntos de vista funcionales de la red, de explotación, de ordenación del territorio, de coste y de máximo respeto al entorno medioambiental. Para ello, como parte fundamental del Estudio Informativo, se incluyó el correspondiente Estudio de Impacto Ambiental. En el estudio se analizó el territorio con el objeto de conocer sus características y particularidades, ello sumado al conocimiento del medio en el que se ha de actuar, permite relacionar y describir los principales efectos previstos por la implantación de la nueva infraestructura.

How do primary health care teams learn to integrate intimate partner violence (IPV) management? A realist evaluation protocol

Background: Despite the existence of ample literature dealing, on the one hand, with the integration of innovations within health systems and team learning, and, on the other hand, with different aspects of the detection and management of intimate partner violence (IPV) within healthcare facilities, research that explores how health innovations that go beyond biomedical issues—such as IPV management—get integrated into health systems, and that focuses on healthcare teams’ learning processes is, to the best of our knowledge, very scarce if not absent. This realist evaluation protocol aims to ascertain: why, how, and under what circumstances primary healthcare teams engage (if at all) in a learning process to integrate IPV management in their practices; and why, how, and under what circumstances team learning processes lead to the development of organizational culture and values regarding IPV management, and the delivery of IPV management services. Methods: This study will be conducted in Spain using a multiple-case study design. Data will be collected from selected cases (primary healthcare teams) through different methods: individual and group interviews, routinely collected statistical data, documentary review, and observation. Cases will be purposively selected in order to enable testing the initial middle-range theory (MRT). After in-depth exploration of a limited number of cases, additional cases will be chosen for their ability to contribute to refining the emerging MRT to explain how primary healthcare learn to integrate intimate partner violence management. Discussion: Evaluations of health sector responses to IPV are scarce, and even fewer focus on why, how, and when the healthcare services integrate IPV management. There is a consensus that healthcare professionals and healthcare teams play a key role in this integration, and that training is important in order to realize changes. However, little is known about team learning of IPV management, both in terms of how to trigger such learning and how team learning is connected with changes in organizational culture and values, and in service delivery. This realist evaluation protocol aims to contribute to this knowledge by conducting this project in a country, Spain, where great endeavours have been made towards the integration of IPV management within the health system.

The yellow crayon : containing The further adventures of "Mysterious Mr. Sabin" /

Mode of access: Internet.

Episcopal bishops, the successors of the apostles. The sermon preached in St. Paul's church, Detroit, on Sunday, February 19, 1842, at the ordination of the Reverend Montgomery Schuyler, to the priesthood, and Sabin Hough and Edward Hodgkin, to the deaconship.

With this is bound Duffield, George. The claims of "Episcopal bishops".

Eighty-three years a servant, or, The life of Rev. Alvah Sabin /

Mode of access: Internet.

Desenvolvimento de um algoritmo para identificação e correção de spikes em espectroscopia Raman de imagem

Raman imaging spectroscopy is a highly useful analytical tool that provides spatial and spectral information on a sample. However, CCD detectors used in dispersive instruments present the drawback of being sensitive to cosmic rays, giving rise to spikes in Raman spectra. Spikes influence variance structures and must be removed prior to the use of multivariate techniques. A new algorithm for correction of spikes in Raman imaging was developed using an approach based on comparison of nearest neighbor pixels. The algorithm showed characteristics including simplicity, rapidity, selectivity and high quality in spike removal from hyperspectral images.