21 resultados para SUFFOCATION
Resumo:
Deglacial reefs from Tahiti (IODP 310) feature a co-occurrence of zooxanthellate corals with microbialites that compose up to 80 vol% of the reef framework. The notion that microbialites tend to form in more nutrient-rich environments has previously led to the concept that such encrustations are considerably younger than the coral framework, and that they have formed in deeper storeys of the reef edifice, or that they represent severe disturbances of the reef ecosystem. As indicated by their repetitive interbedding with coralline red algae, the microbialites of this reef succession of Tahiti, however, formed immediately after coral growth under photic conditions. Clearly, the deglacial reef microbialites present in the IODP 310 cores did not follow disturbances such as drowning or suffocation by terrestrial material, and are not "disaster forms". Given that the corals and the microbialites developed in close spatial proximity, highly elevated nutrient levels caused by fluvial or groundwater transport from the volcanic hinterland are an unlikely cause for the exceptionally voluminous development of microbialites. That voluminous deglacial reef microbialites generally are restricted to volcanic islands, however, implies that moderately, and possibly episodically elevated nutrient levels favored this type of microbialite formation.
Resumo:
The asphyxia by suffocation (choking) with foreign bodies are dramatic. Among these, the choking with food are responsible for most of these deaths. Children under four years old are particularly vulnerable due to not having a well-developed posterior dentition. The paper presents the report of two cases of suffocation with food and discusses some legal medical concepts, warning of the further prevention of such cases.
Resumo:
Nitric Oxide (NO) plays a controversial role in the pathophysiology of sepsis and septic shock. Its vasodilatory effects are well known, but it also has pro- and antiinflammatory properties, assumes crucial importance in antimicrobial host defense, may act as an oxidant as well as an antioxidant, and is said to be a vital poison for the immune and inflammatory network. Large amounts of NO and peroxynitrite are responsible for hypotension, vasoplegia, cellular suffocation, apoptosis, lactic acidosis, and ultimately multiorgan failure. Therefore, NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors were developed to reverse the deleterious effects of NO. Studies using these compounds have not met with uniform success however, and a trial using the nonselective NOS inhibitor N-G-methyl-L-arginine hydrochloride was terminated prematurely because of increased mortality in the treatment arm despite improved shock resolution. Thus, the issue of NOS inhibition in sepsis remains a matter of debate. Several publications have emphasized the differences concerning clinical applicability of data obtained from unresuscitated, hypodynamic rodent models using a pretreatment approach versus resuscitated, hyperdynamic models in high-order species using posttreatment approaches. Therefore, the present review focuses on clinically relevant large-animal studies of endotoxin or living bacteria-induced, hyperdynamic models of sepsis that integrate standard day-today care resuscitative measures.
Resumo:
Borings of bryozoan colonies are rare fossils and hitherto unknown from Central America. Four different types of zoaria, belonging to Spathipora sp., Terebripora sp. A, Terebripora cf. falunica and Iramena sp., were recognized. They are developed on shells of Miocene oysters (Saccostrea sp. and Ostrea sp.) from shell - beds of the Venado-Formation (Northern Limon - San Carlos Basin, Costa Rica). The period of colonization and growth by bryozoans and/or a few other benthic invertebrates was probably a short - term event, followed by suffocation from accumlating sediment.
Resumo:
As ligas com memória de forma Ni-Ti apresentam diversas características bastante úteis, das quais podemos realçar a sua elevada resistência à corrosão, às vibrações e geração de forças superiores quando comparadas com outros atuadores. Estas ligas apresentam diversas áreas de aplicabilidade em diferentes aéreas de pesquisa, como a metalomecânica, a robótica, aplicações espaciais, sendo mais relevante para este trabalho a sua aplicação em mecanismos de segurança para portas e acessos. Com este trabalho, pretendemos contribuir para uma forma eficaz de combate e contenção de incêndios em navios, através da apresentação de um mecanismo que vai permitir o corte de ventilação e isolamento no local do incêndio, permitindo criar uma fronteira de fumos que levará ao combate do incêndio por asfixia. O trabalho descreve um mecanismo idealizado com a utilização de ligas com memória de forma, que vai proceder à libertação de um flap, para isolamento da ventilação, na presença de temperatura proveniente do incêndio. Descreve também ensaios termomecânicos realizados, para determinação das características das molas e seu comportamento em determinadas situações chave. Para isto, irão ser utilizadas duas molas com diferentes gamas de temperatura, com o intuito de demonstrar a eficácia na utilização de diversos atuadores de ligas com memória de forma. Todos os testes foram feitos na presença de gamas de temperatura que se assemelham aos valores de atuação dos sistemas automáticos de extinção por água, pelo que os resultados obtidos, ilustram a verdadeira eficácia e utilidade do mecanismo, em casos reais.
Resumo:
La asfixia perinatal es la principal causa de muerte en la primera semana de vida la nivel mundial, los niños que sufren esta complicación y sobreviven pueden presentar trastornos neurológicos de diferente nivel de compromiso que inciden en su desarrollo personal y social. Las cifras de muerte por este problema de salud han disminuido de manera importante, sin embargo en el reporte de la Organización Mundial de Salud (OPS) del 2010, la asfixia perinatal es causa del 29% de muertes infantiles en los países de América Latina y el Caribe 2. Es necesario conocer además la extensión del daño neurológico que sufren estos niños, con este fin se desarrolló un estudio piloto en el Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi de Bogotá, en el cual se determinó la concentración de un marcador metabólico de daño cerebral, la proteína S100B en suero de 60 recién nacidos sanos, con el objetivo de analizar la asociación del mismo con el peso al nacer, la edad gestacional y el diagnóstico. Los resultados no mostraron diferencias significativas entre este marcador y las variables analizadas que puede asociarse al pequeño número de pacientes, sin embargo han sentado las bases para el desarrollo de un estudio que incluya varios hospitales de Bogotá y sobre todo la determinación del mismo en recién nacidos con diagnóstico de hipoxia en el período perinatal, lo cual aportará información del grado de la alteración que puedan tener a nivel cerebral y contribuya al mejor manejo evolutivo con la aplicación de medidas de intervención en estadios tempranos de la vida.