Estruturas secretoras de mucilagem em Hibiscus pernambucensis Arruda (Malvaceae): distribuição, caracterização morfoanatômica e histoquímica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ultrastructure of the intramandibular gland of workers and queens of the stingless bee, Melipona quadrifasciata

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Morfo-anatomia do embrião de leguminosas arbóreas nativas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Caracterização morfo-anatômica da folha e do caule de Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf e B. humidicola (Rendle) Schweick. (Poaceae)

Neste trabalho, caracterizou-se a morfo-anatomia do caule e da folha de Brachiaria brizantha e B. humidicola, em três estratos, objetivando diferenciar tais estratos e espécies, bem como justificar, com estes parâmetros, a diferença de consumo que ocorre nessas espécies com o envelhecimento da planta. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, utilizando-se vasos plásticos com areia esterilizada e recebendo solução nutritiva. Aos 70 dias após o corte de uniformização, cada planta foi dividida em três partes (estratos), coletando-se a folha mediana de cada estrato, separando-a em limbo e bainha foliar, e também o entrenó recoberto pela referida bainha. Para o estudo morfológico, foram mensurados a altura total das plantas, número total de folhas, nós e perfilhos, comprimento e largura da lâmina e da bainha foliar, comprimento e diâmetro do entrenó. Para a caracterização anatômica, as amostras foram fixadas em FAA, emblocadas em GMA, seccionadas em micrótomo e coradas com fucsina básica e azul de Astra. Os estudos morfo-anatômicos indicaram parâmetros que podem interferir na digestibilidade de seus tecidos. Verificou-se que as espécies apresentaram diferenças quanto aos aspectos morfológicos, destacando em B. humidicola menores valores de comprimento e largura do limbo, o que pode dificultar a seleção das folhas inferiores, interferindo no consumo dessa forrageira. Constatou-se, também, que o caule foi a fração que mais variou entre as espécies, apresentando B. brizantha diâmetro do entrenó maior e parede do colmo mais espessa, o que, além de tornar o caule mais resistente à apreensão, sugere maior número de feixes vasculares e, conseqüentemente, porcentagem de tecidos lignificados. Observaram-se estruturas secretoras na base dos tricomas da bainha foliar de B. brizantha, sugerindo cavidades secretoras, bastante raras na família Poaceae, não havendo estudos de sua interferência no consumo e digestibilidade.

Structure and ontogeny of Swartzia langsdorffii (Leguminosae) pericarp

In order to elucidate the position of the Swartzieae in Leguminosae, Swartzia langsdorffii was chosen as a representative of this tribe type genus and subjected to structural studies of immature ovaries (in the floral bud and flowers) and developing and mature fruits. The external epidermis of the ovary is characterized by one layer of thin-walled polyhedral cells with a thin cuticle. Parenchyma cells have a large quantity of tannin-containing idioblasts located inside a procambial ring. The one-layered inner epidermis consists of flattened cells. In fruits the one-layered exocarp is covered by a thick cuticle. The mesocarp consists of three distinct regions, the middle region being a sclerenchymatous layer. The one-layered endocarp shows cells with little cohesion. The occurrence of canals consisting of a net of resinous cells was also observed in the mesocarp. Secretion was of an elaborate composition. Differentiation of the secretory structures begin in the floral bud ovary, where they appear as idioblasts containing tannin. The taxonomic position of this tribe, as well as the function of the mesocarp secreting canals, are discussed.

Anatomia foliar com ênfase nos tricomas secretores e análise cromatográfica do óleo essencial de Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae)

Adult leaves of Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) harvested during the time of budding had been used in the study of the leaf anatomy in the identification of the secretory structures. The material was fixed in FAA 50%, dehydrated in alcoholic series (ethyl), infiltrated in paraffin, sectioned at 13 mm, staining and later analyzed through optic microscopy. Also it was carried through a study in gaseous chromatography for attainment of the rude essential oil. Analyses of transversal sections of the leaf of Melissa officinalis, has identified the presence of two types of trichomes secretory: peltate and capitate, beyond the presence of trichome tector. Trichome capitate, identified in literature as (type I), presents variations in its morphology in relation to the cells number stalk and the head secretory cells number. The chromatographic analysis of the essential oil identified the presence of monoterpenes, in two major components, responsible for more than 87.8% of the relative composition in the rude oil, beyond sesquiterpenes in smaller proportions.

Estruturas secretoras de Pavonia alnifolia (Malvaceae), uma espécie ameaçada de extinção

Malvaceae shows a rich morphological diversity of secretory structures, which are of great ecological and taxonomical relevance. Nonetheless, until the present moment, studies on the secretory structures of the studied species were not found. Pavonia alnifolia A.St.-Hil. is endangered species of extinction with restricted distribution within the restingas of Rio the Janeiro and Espírito Santo, Brazil. The species were collected from the former and usual techniques on plant anatomy and histochemistry were performed. Anatomical and histochemical studies of the secretory structures of Pavonia alnifolia are showed in this work. The presence of external and internal secretory structures of mucilage in many organs, idioblasts of phenolic and lipid substances and floral nectaries what is a very important adaptative survival mechanism of the species in the restinga environment. The secretion produced by nectaries is envolved with maintenance of interations with visiting insects, what constitutes a good model to experimental studies with an ecological approach.

Estrutura, origem e desenvolvimento de laticíferos e coléteres em plantas de Tabernaemontana catharinensis A.DC. (Rauvolfioideae, Apocynaceae) em diferentes fases do desenvolvimento vegetativo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estruturas secretoras da lâmina foliar de amapá amargo (Parahancornia fasciculata, Apocynaceae): histoquímica e doseamento de flavonoides

Amapá amargo (Parahancornia fasciculata (Poir.) Benoist) produz um látex, que se presume ter propriedades medicinais, pois é usado no tratamento da malária, problemas pulmonares, gastrite, e como um agente de cura. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar estrutural e histoquimicamente os locais de produção e/ou acumúlo de compostos biologicamente ativos, bem como realizar o doseamento de flavonóides presentes no limbo do amapá amargo. Para a análise estrutural e histoquímica foram utilizados protocolos padrão em anatomia vegetal. Considerando que, para o doseamento de flavonóides utilizou-se a espectrometria de absorção na região ultravioleta-visível. O sistema secretor das folhas de amapá amargo é constituído de idioblastos secretores e laticíferos ramificados. Os testes histoquímicos revelaram diferentes tipos de substâncias químicas nos protoplastos celulares de idioblastos e laticíferos. Propriedades farmacológicas do látex de amapa amargo podem ser atribuídas à dois compostos químicos (flavonoides e alcaloides) encontrados neste estudo, ambos estão presentes em idioblastos e laticíferos.

Influência da luz e temperatura em cavidades e canais secretores em plântulas de Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae): estudo anatômico e ultraestrutural

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica) - IBB

Morfologia e desenvolvimento do sistema reprodutor em três espécies de Isoptera

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Anatomy of extrafloral nectaries in Fabaceae from dry-seasonal forest in Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Diferenciação de laticíferos articulados em plantas de Tabernaemontana catharinensis (Apocynaceae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Glandular trichomes on aerial and underground organs in Chrysolaena species (Vernonieae - Asteraceae): Structure, ultrastructure and chemical composition

Although the occurrence of glandular trichomes is frequently reported for aerial vegetative organs, many questions still remain opened about the presence of such trichomes in underground systems. Here, we present, for the first time, a comparative study concerning the structure, ultrastructure and chemical aspects of both, the aerial and underground glandular trichomes of two different Chrysolaena species, C obovata and C platensis. Glandular trichomes (GTs) were examined using LM, SEM, and TEM and also analyzed by GC-MS and HPLC coupled to UV/DAD and HR-ESI-MS (HPLC-UV-MS). In both aerial (leaf and bud) and underground (rhizophore) organs, the GTs are multicellular, biseriate and formed by five pairs of cells: a pair of support cells, a pair of basal cells, and three pairs of secreting cells. These secreting cells have, at the beginning of secretory process, abundance of smooth ER. The same classes of secondary metabolites are biosynthesized and stored in both aerial and underground GTs of C platensis and C obovata. These GTs from aerial and underground organs have similar cellular and sub-cellular anatomy, however the belowground trichomes show a higher diversity of compounds when compared to those from the leaves. We also demonstrate by means of HPLC-UV-DAD that the sesquiterpene lactones are located inside the trichomes and that hirsutinolides are not artifacts. (C) 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Anatomy and essential oils from aerial organs in three species of Aldama (Asteraceae-Heliantheae) that have a difficult delimitation

Recently, molecular analysis caused the South American Viguiera Kunth species to be transferred to Aldama La Llave. However, the circumscription has not been established for certain of the South American species, including Aldama filifolia (Sch. Bip. ex Baker) E. E. Schill. & Panero, A. linearifolia (Chodat) E. E. Schill. & Panero and A. trichophylla (Dusen) Magenta (comb. nov.), which had previously been treated as synonyms because of their high similarity. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the anatomy of the aerial organs, and the yield and chemical composition of the essential oils from these three species, to determine the differences among them and thereby assist in species distinction. The anatomical analysis identified characteristics unique to each species, which are primarily related to the position and occurrence of secretory structures. Histochemical analysis demonstrated that the glandular trichomes and the canals secrete lipophilic substances, which are characterised by the presence of essential oils. The analysis of these essential oils identified monoterpenes as their major constituent and allowed for the recognition of chemical markers for each species. The anatomical and chemical characteristics identified by the present study confirmed that the studied samples belong to three distinct taxa.