Microcrédito - estudo de viabilidade financeira com vistas a criação de uma sociedade de crédito ao microempreendedor - SCM, com base nos casos CEAPE/RS Ana Terra e Portosol

O presente estudo trata do assunto Microcrédito e pretende verificar a viabilidade financeira da criação de uma Sociedade de Crédito ao Microempreendedor – SCM. As entidades de microcrédito existentes são do tipo Organizações Não Governamentais - ONGs, Organizações da Sociedade Civil de Interesse Público - OSCIPs, e SCM. O estudo com base na SCM foi escolhido em função de ser uma instituição ainda não conhecida no Rio Grande do Sul, e por seu modelo tampouco ter sido testado no Estado. Mediante um estudo de caso, pretende-se ainda identificar a forma de atuação de duas instituições de microcrédito existentes. O estudo de caso foi realizado com as instituições CEAPE/RS Ana Terra e Portosol, onde foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória com base em teoria conhecida, entrevistas e revisão de documentos dessas instituições. Os resultados foram analisados e apresentados no decorrer do trabalho. Com as informações colhidas foi realizada também uma projeção financeira de uma SCM, e comparados os resultados com as duas instituições estudadas. Nas considerações finais foram levantadas e apresentadas algumas inferências, proposições e sugestões sobre os resultados do estudo que podem ajudar o leitor a entender melhor a realidade e a viabilidade financeira de uma SCM.

Identification and phenotypic characterization of a second collagen adhesin, Scm, and genome-based identification and analysis of 13 other predicted MSCRAMMs, including four distinct pilus loci, in Enterococcus faecium.

Attention has recently been drawn to Enterococcus faecium because of an increasing number of nosocomial infections caused by this species and its resistance to multiple antibacterial agents. However, relatively little is known about the pathogenic determinants of this organism. We have previously identified a cell-wall-anchored collagen adhesin, Acm, produced by some isolates of E. faecium, and a secreted antigen, SagA, exhibiting broad-spectrum binding to extracellular matrix proteins. Here, we analysed the draft genome of strain TX0016 for potential microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs). Genome-based bioinformatics identified 22 predicted cell-wall-anchored E. faecium surface proteins (Fms), of which 15 (including Acm) had characteristics typical of MSCRAMMs, including predicted folding into a modular architecture with multiple immunoglobulin-like domains. Functional characterization of one [Fms10; redesignated second collagen adhesin of E. faecium (Scm)] revealed that recombinant Scm(65) (A- and B-domains) and Scm(36) (A-domain) bound to collagen type V efficiently in a concentration-dependent manner, bound considerably less to collagen type I and fibrinogen, and differed from Acm in their binding specificities to collagen types IV and V. Results from far-UV circular dichroism measurements of recombinant Scm(36) and of Acm(37) indicated that these proteins were rich in beta-sheets, supporting our folding predictions. Whole-cell ELISA and FACS analyses unambiguously demonstrated surface expression of Scm in most E. faecium isolates. Strikingly, 11 of the 15 predicted MSCRAMMs clustered in four loci, each with a class C sortase gene; nine of these showed similarity to Enterococcus faecalis Ebp pilus subunits and also contained motifs essential for pilus assembly. Antibodies against one of the predicted major pilus proteins, Fms9 (redesignated EbpC(fm)), detected a 'ladder' pattern of high-molecular-mass protein bands in a Western blot analysis of cell surface extracts from E. faecium, suggesting that EbpC(fm) is polymerized into a pilus structure. Further analysis of the transcripts of the corresponding gene cluster indicated that fms1 (ebpA(fm)), fms5 (ebpB(fm)) and ebpC(fm) are co-transcribed, a result consistent with those for pilus-encoding gene clusters of other Gram-positive bacteria. All 15 genes occurred frequently in 30 clinically derived diverse E. faecium isolates tested. The common occurrence of MSCRAMM- and pilus-encoding genes and the presence of a second collagen-binding protein may have important implications for our understanding of this emerging pathogen.

Putting supply chain management (SCM) theory into practice:the role and importance of the people dimension

This article deals with a number of supply chain management (SCM) issues: SCM’s “Big Idea” – integration, Divergence of Theory and Practice - the limitations of “hard-wiring”, The “Human Chain”, The Way Forward – asking the right question?

SCM key to competitiveness

Any meaningful attempt to eliminate waste and improve cost competitiveness in the Irish packaging sector must have a strong focus on how the supply chain is designed and managed.

Enterprise strategy development:a three-dimensional approach to the role of SCM

The Irish economy has grown strongly in recent years. This, combined with other factors in the international trading environment, has sharpened the focus on the need for innovative strategies at a national level which can contribute positively from an enterprise strategy development perspective. As traditional manufacturing activity has migrated to lower labour cost economies questions have been raised concerning the role of supply chain management (SCM) in the evolving Irish business environment. This article describes some of the main drivers in terms of both SCM and the changing economic and business environment. It goes on to propose a three-dimensional approach to understanding the potential role of SCM in the new scenario. This in turn informs the logistics and SCM research agenda from a national policy point of view.