988 resultados para Síndrome inflamatória da reconstituição imune


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Hipertrofia ventricular esquerda é um importante fator de risco em doença cardiovascular e pode ser responsável por parte do elevado risco cardiovascular associado a diabetes. Apesar de que o estresse hemodinâmico seja classicamente indicado como causa da injúria miocárdica que leva ao remodelamento, a injúria associada aos fatores neuro-humorais e a sinalização celular através da ativação imuno-inflamatória também desempenham um papel, acompanhando os mecanismos recentemente descritos na síndrome metabólica, particularmente na obesidade, onde a ativação do sistema imune inato leva a uma resposta inadequada crônica mediada por citocinas em diversos sistemas corpóreos. A ecocardiografia tem sido usada para identificar anormalidades da estrutura cardíaca, porém, variações metodológicas e os diversos ajustes para os determinantes da massa ventricular como idade, sexo, tamanho corporal e outros correlatos clínicos são motivo de debate, assim como a definição dos estados de anormalidade, tanto para hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, como para outras medidas da estrutura ventricular. Em uma amostra populacional de 1479 Afro- Americanos do Estudo ARIC, investigamos de forma estratificada e multivariada as associações independentes entre diabetes e as alterações estruturais do ventrículo esquerdo, definidas por hipertrofia ventricular, aumento da espessura relativa e padrões geométricos anormais. Encontramos prevalências elevadas dea alterações estruturais nos indivíduos com diabetes. Diabetes associou-se com hipertrofia ventricular em ambos os sexos e com espessura parietal aumentada e padrões geométricos anormais nas mulheres. Na maior parte dos modelos, as associações com diabetes foram minimizadas com os ajustes para obesidade, sugerindo que o impacto da obesidade sobre as alterações estruturais vistas em diabetes pode ser mediado por fatores outros do que a hiperglicemia. Essas novas evidências estão em sintonia com o conhecimento contemporâneo descrito.

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Nutritional status is an important determinant to the response against Leishmania infection, although few studies have characterized the molecular basis for the association found between malnutrition and the disease. Vitamin A supplementation has long been used in developing countries to prevent mortality by diarrheal and respiratory diseases, but there are no studies on the role of vitamin A in Leishmania infection, although we and others have found vitamin A deficiency in visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). Regulatory T cells are induced in vitro by vitamin A metabolites and are considered important cells implicated T CD4+ cell suppression in human VL. This work aimed to examine the correlation of nutritional status and the effect of vitamin A in the response against Leishmania infantum infection. A total of 179 children were studied: 31 had active VL, 33 VL history, 44 were DTH+ and 71 were DTH- and had negative antibody to Leishmania (DTH-/Ac-). Peripheral blood monuclear cells were isolated in a subgroup of 10 active VL and 16 DTH-/Ac- children and cultivated for 20h under 5 different conditions: 1) Medium, 2) Soluble promastigote L. infantum antigens (SLA), 3) All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), 4) SLA + ATRA and 5) Concanavalin A. T CD4+CD25highFoxp3+, T CD4+CD25-Foxp3- and CD14+ monocytes were stained and studied by flow cytometry for IL-10, TGF-β and IL-17 production. Nutritional status was compromised in VL children, which presented lower BMI/Age and retinol concentrations when compared to healthy controls. We found a negative correlation between nutritional status (measured by BMI/Age and serum retinol) and anti-Leishmania antibodies and acute phase proteins. There was no correlation between nutritional status and parasite load. ATRA presented a dual effect in Treg cells and monocytes: In healthy children (DTH-/Ac-), it induced a regulatory response, increasing IL-10 and TGF-β production; in VL children it modulated the immune response, preventing increased IL-10 production after SLA stimulation. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between BMI/Age and IL-17 production and negative correlation between serum retinol and IL-10 and TGF-β production in T CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ cells after SLA stimulus. Our results show a potential dual role of vitamin A in the immune system: improvement of regulatory profile during homeostasis and down modulation of IL-10 in Treg cells and monocytes during symptomatic VL. Therefore, the use of vitamin A concomitant to VL therapy might improve recovery from disease status in Leishmania infantum infection

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In vitro and in animal models, APE1, OGG1, and PARP-1 have been proposed as being involved with inflammatory response. In this work, we have investigated if the SNPs APE1 Asn148Glu, OGG1 Ser326Cys, and PARP-1 Val762Ala are associated to meningitis and also developed a system to enable the functional analysis of polymorphic proteins. Patients with bacterial meningitis (BM), aseptic meningitis (AM) and controls (non-infected) genotypes were investigated by PIRA-PCR or PCR-RFLP. DNA damages were detected in genomic DNA by Fpg treatment. IgG and IgA were measured from plasma and the cytokines and chemokines were measured from cerebrospinal fluid samples using Bio-Plex assays. The levels of NF-κB and c-Jun were measured in CSF by dot blot assays. A significant (P<0.05) increase in the frequency of APE1 148Glu allele in BM and AM patients was observed. A significant increase in the genotypes Asn/Asn in control group and Asn/Glu in BM group was also found. For the SNP OGG1 Ser326Cys, the genotype Cys/Cys was more frequent (P<0.05) in BM group. The frequency of PARP-1 Val/Val genotype was higher in control group (P<0.05). The occurrence of combined SNPs increased significantly in BM patients, indicating that these SNPs may be associated to the disease. Increasing in sensitive sites to Fpg was observed in carriers of APE1 148Glu allele or OGG1 326Cys allele, suggesting that SNPs affect DNA repair activity. Alterations in IgG production were observed in the presence of SNPs APE1Asn148Glu, OGG1Ser326Cys or PARP-1Val762Ala. Reductions in the levels ofIL-6, IL-1Ra, MCP-1/CCL2and IL-8/CXCL8 were observed in the presence of APE1148Glu allele in BM patients, however no differences were observed in the levels of NF-κB and c-Jun considering genotypes and analyzed groups. Using APE1 as model, a system to enable the analysis of cellular effects and functional characterization of polymorphic proteins was developed using strategies of cloning APE1 cDNA in pIRES2-EGFP vector, cellular transfection of the construction obtained, siRNA for endogenous APE1 and cellular cultures genotyping. In conclusion, we obtained evidences of an effect of SNPs in DNA repair genes on the regulation of immune response. This is a pioneering work in the field that shows association of BER variant enzymes with an infectious disease in human patients, suggesting that the SNPs analyzed may affect immune response and damage by oxidative stress level during brain infection. Considering these data, new approaches of functional characterization must be developed to better analysis and interactions of polymorphic proteins in response to this context

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The genital HPV infection is very common between men and women worldwide, affecting particularly young women, constituting a serious public health problem in less developed regions, favored by the poor living conditions of population. The cytology and colposcopy have notorious importance in the diagnosis of precursor lesions of cervical cancer and therefore its prevention. However, even with such diagnostic tools, the number of women who develop cervical cancer is still high. This study aims to assess the prevalence of genital tract infection by HPV in pregnant and nonpregnant women, evaluating the profile of the immune response presented by the women of these two groups in order to establish correlations among profile of immune response, presence of virus and occurrence of lesions of the uterine cervix. We analyzed specimens obtained from the cervix of 221 patients, 91 pregnant and 130 non-pregnant, aged 14-72 years. The women were subjected to colposcopic and cytologic evaluation detect possible changes in the cervix and then samples were collected in order to perform HPV detection by PCR and real-time PCR for detection of mRNA of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In the present study, the overall prevalence of HPV genital infection was 28.1%; of which 31.9% were pregnant patients and 25.4% in non-pregnant women. Young women under 30 years and those with low educational level education showed a higher risk of HPV infection. Colposcopy showed better correlation with detection of HPV DNA by PCR, when compared to cytology. Generally, HPV infected patients, pregnant or not, exhibited reduced mRNA expression of both pro-inflammatory (IFN-γ, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL -10) cytokines, when compared to patients not infected by HPV. Nonpregnant patients infected presented increase mRNA expression of IL-17 in patients without injury, whereas those with lesion showed higher mRNA expression of TGF-β. Pregnant women without injury infected exhibited increased mRNA expression of TGF-β. There was no difference in HPV prevalence between pregnant and nonpregnant women. There was a reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, except IL-17, in all women infected by HPV. Moreover, we observed an increase of TGF-β in HPV-infected women who are pregnant or not. The results suggest that, in women in this study, HPV infection promoted changes in the profile of cytokines necessary for activation of effective immune response, possibly favoring viral persistence

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

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A hemofagocitose reativa ou síndrome de ativação macrofágica (SAM) é uma complicação das doenças inflamatórias sistêmicas, causada por expansão de células T e macrófagos, com produção maciça de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, ocorrendo mais freqüentemente na artrite idiopática juvenil sistêmica e raramente no lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil (LESJ). OBJETIVO: Relatar um caso de LESJ que evoluiu com SAM precipitada por infecção e infarto esplênico, com desfecho fatal. RELATO DE CASO: Uma menina de 7 anos, com diagnóstico de LESJ desde os 5 anos, evoluiu com artrite em atividade, alopecia intensa, citopenias, cefaléia, infecções respiratórias recorrentes e elevação intermitente de transaminases. Os anticorpos anti-DNA e anticardiolipina IgG e IgM foram identificados e a biópsia renal evidenciou glomerulonefrite lúpica de classe III. A paciente foi tratada com pulso de metilprednisolona, prednisona, azatioprina e hidroxicloroquina. Após dois anos, na vigência de pneumonia apresentou abdome agudo e convulsões, evoluindo para o choque hemorrágico fatal após esplenectomia, que evidenciou infarto esplênico e infiltração maciça por macrófagos hemofagocíticos CD163+. CONCLUSÃO: A revisão do desfecho sugere a SAM precipitada por infecção e sobreposta a atividade inflamatória do lúpus com febre persistente, citopenias, disfunção hepática, hepatomegalia e esplenomegalia, como efeitos do excesso de produção de citocinas. Os anticorpos anticardiolipina podem ter tido papel precipitante na coagulopatia, que resultou infarto esplênico e choque hemorrágico.

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Pós-graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia Aplicadas à Farmácia - FCFAR

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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Farmacologia) - IBB

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Para estudar a resposta imune inata produzida especificamente no interior do SNC em desenvolvimento, evitando a influencia do sistema imune, empregamos modelo de infeccao viral induzida pela inoculacao intracerebral do virus da dengue em camundongos neonatos. Oito camundongos lactentes de dois dias de idade da espécie Mus musculus e variedade suica albina foram inoculados por via intracerebral com homogenado cerebral infectado com a especie Flavivirus (DENV3 genotipo III). Outro conjunto de animais foi utilizado como controle (nao infectado) e inoculado com igual volume de homogenado cerebral nao infectante e mantidos nas mesmas condicoes dos infectados. Decorridos 7 dias apos a infeccao os camundongos doentes foram sacrificados e tiveram seus cerebros processados para imunomarcacao de astrocitos e microglias. Quantificou-se a resposta imune glial no stratum lacunosum molecular (Lac Mol), radiatum (Rad) e pyramidale (Pir) de CA1-2 do hipocampo e na camada molecular do giro denteado (GDMol) usando o fracionador optico para estimar o numero de microglias e astrocitos em animais infectados e controles. Intensa astrocitose reativa e intensa ativacao microglial foram encontradas em animais neonatos com sinais clinicos de meningoencefalite. Entretanto, embora tenham sido maiores as estimativas do numero de microglias ativadas nos infectados (Inf) do que nos animais controles (Cont) nas camadas GDMol (Inf: 738,95 } 3,07; Cont: 232,73 } 70,38; p = 0,0035), Rad (Inf: 392,49 } 44,13; Cont: 62,76 } 15,86; p = 0,0004), em relacao ao numero total de microglias (ativadas ou nao) apenas o stratum radiatum mostrou diferença significante (Inf: 6.187,49 } 291,62; Cont: 4.011,89 } 509,73; p = 0,01). Por outro lado apenas a camada molecular do giro denteado mostrou diferenca no numero de astrocitos (Inf: 8.720,17 } 903,11; Cont: 13.023,13 } 1.192,14; p = 0,02). Tomados em conjunto os resultados sugerem que a resposta imune inata do camundongo neonato a encefalite induzida pelo virus da dengue (sorotipo 3, genotipo III) esta associada a um maior aumento do numero de microglias do que de astrocitos reativos e essa mudanca e dependente da camada e da regiao investigada. As implicacoes fisiopatologicas desses achados permanecem por ser investigadas.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)