Partner selection for reverse logistics centres in green supply chains: a fuzzy artificial immune optimization approach

The design of reverse logistics networks has now emerged as a major issue for manufacturers, not only in developed countries where legislation and societal pressures are strong, but also in developing countries where the adoption of reverse logistics practices may offer a competitive advantage. This paper presents a new model for partner selection for reverse logistic centres in green supply chains. The model offers three advantages. Firstly, it enables economic, environment, and social factors to be considered simultaneously. Secondly, by integrating fuzzy set theory and artificial immune optimization technology, it enables both quantitative and qualitative criteria to be considered simultaneously throughout the whole decision-making process. Thirdly, it extends the flat criteria structure for partner selection evaluation for reverse logistics centres to the more suitable hierarchy structure. The applicability of the model is demonstrated by means of an empirical application based on data from a Chinese electronic equipment and instruments manufacturing company.

Reverse logistics in the construction industry

Reverse logistics in construction refers to the movement of products and materials from salvaged buildings to a new construction site. While there is a plethora of studies looking at various aspects of the reverse logistics chain, there is no systematic review of literature on this important subject as applied to the construction industry. Therefore, the objective of this study is to integrate the fragmented body of knowledge on reverse logistics in construction, with the aim of promoting the concept among industry stakeholders and the wider construction community. Through a qualitative meta-analysis, the study synthesises the findings of previous studies and presents some actions needed by industry stakeholders to promote this concept within the real-life context. First, the trend of research and terminology related with reverse logistics is introduced. Second, it unearths the main advantages and barriers of reverse logistics in construction while providing some suggestions to harness the advantages and mitigate these barriers. Finally, it provides a future research direction based on the review.

Barriers to implementing reverse logistics in South Australian construction organisations

Purpose - This paper aims to present a survey of the perceptions of the barriers to implementing reverse logistics (RL) practices in South Australian (SA) construction organisations. Despite the extensive research on forward logistics and RL, there is a paucity of studies that examine the barriers to implementing RL particularly within the Australian construction industry. This study builds on the ongoing research being undertaken by the authors, entitled “Designing for reverse logistics (DfRL) within the building life cycle: practices, drivers and barriers”, which is examining the best practices and drivers that could be used as a “road map” for developing appropriate solutions for the successful implementation of RL. Design/methodology/approach - Data were collected by utilising a triangulated data collection approach, a literature review and 49 questionnaires. The review of the literature identified 16 barriers to implementing RL. The quantitative survey data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics with correlation analysis to examine the relationships between different pairs of variables comprising RL’s critical barriers. Findings - The following barriers were indicated as most significant: lack of incorporation of salvaged materials by designers; regulation restrictions to usage of recovered materials and components; potential legal liabilities; higher costs; and longer-time association with deconstructing buildings. The least ranked barriers were mostly drawn from the operational and industrial categories as being: organisational lack of support for deconstruction due to incompatible design; lack of organisational support for deconstructing buildings due to higher health and safety risks; and inadequate skills and experience for deconstruction (operational). The industrial barrier was related to “higher costs of salvaged materials in comparison to virgin products”. Research limitations/implications - First, the reported findings are focussed on one study that used questionnaire surveys within the construction industry; therefore, the results may not be generalisable to other contexts. Further, studies should be conducted and extended to other industrial sectors beyond the construction industry. Second, the quantitative study (n 49) used a smaller sample, and the survey items were based on the review of the literature. Practical implications - The identified barriers could be used as a “road map” for the development of appropriate solutions for the successful implementation of RL, and to improve the environment-related decision-making processes of contractors. Originality/value - This study makes a contribution to the body of knowledge on the subject of RL within a previously unexplored SA context. In addition, the study provides some insights on the contributory effects of the barriers to the implementation of RL. It is the first work undertaken to determine the barriers to the adoption of RL within the SA construction industry.

Analysis of reverse logistics implementation practices by South Australian construction organisations

Purpose – A large number of benefits have been reported when reverse logistics (RL) is fully implemented in the construction industry. However, RL is yet to become common place in the construction sector, particularly in Australia. The particular sub-sector in which RL operates is small and weak and the remainder of the sector must embrace and accommodate it comfortably. Research is lacking on how to promoting RL in the construction industry. Very little has been done to identify the current practices that have the potential to promote RL industry-wide. The purpose of this paper is to identify the practices that work well in the sector, a strategy could be mapped out to promote RL to all stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach – In order to fill the above gap, the present study used a mixed method approach to gather and evaluate current practices and their potential to promote RL in South Australia’s construction industry. Practices that were identified using a comprehensive literature review were evaluated with a questionnaire survey and series of interviews involving construction professionals. Findings – The findings are that practices facilitating deconstruction is the most important, followed by practices facilitating the use of salvaged materials in new construction to promote RL in South Australia. Awareness of deconstruction benefits, challenges and procedures at the organisation level and facilities and services at industry level were associated with RL implementation. Availability of salvaged materials in the market was found to influence its use in new construction and as a consequence its demand. Designing for reverse logistics is another practice that could facilitate deconstruction and the onus of its promotion lies mainly with the designers. Research limitations/implications – This research was confined to one state in Australia. As such the generalisation to other states and other countries should be treated cautiously. Practical implications – The findings of this study can help inform the industry and its stakeholders on areas that they need to concentrate more on to make the South Australian construction industry a fully RL integrated one. To that end the authors propose some recommendations arising from the findings reported here. Originality/value – This study makes a contribution to the body of knowledge on reserve logistics within a previously unexplored South Australian context. In addition, the study provides valuable insights into the contribution of RL practices to the construction industry.

Drivers for adopting reverse logistics in the construction industry : a qualitative study

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate and analyse the perceptions of South Australian construction practitioners on drivers affecting the implementation of reverse logistics (RL). In this context, RL is defined as the process of moving goods from their typical final destination for the purpose of capturing value or ensuring proper disposal.

Design/methodology/approach - Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight practitioners to collect data and the interview transcripts were analysed using the NVivo (version 10) package. Cluster analysis was used to cross-validate the findings and provide an in-depth insight into the findings.

Findings - The findings indicate that most of the drivers identified in earlier research are relevant for the construction industry. In addition, the study identified some new drivers that are categorised as "targeted demands by an exclusive clientele". These drivers were found to be complementary to the economic, environmental and social drivers as previously conceptualised. In addition, a set of factors affecting the strength of drivers that had been overlooked in previous studies emanated from the interview analysis. These include the type of project and the attributes of clients, both of which strongly affect the drivers of RL implementation in construction.

Research limitations/implications - The major limitations are the relatively small size of the sample of interviewees and having interviewees from one geographic area with specific socio-economic characteristics.

Practical implications - The identified drivers and the clustering of RL themes could be used by practitioners as a "road map" for the development of appropriate solutions to successfully promote RL within the construction industry. Organisational energies could thus be channelled towards the drivers that need the most improvement.

Originality/value - The study contributes to this research sphere by employing cluster analysis to customise and contextualise the drivers that were previously identified. The study goes beyond the extant literature by discovering the prominent effects of these drivers on the impact of targeted demands by an exclusive clientele. This could be of great value in terms of creating avenues for future investigations on the topic.

A qualitative examination of major barriers in implementation of reverse logistics within the South Australian construction sector

Despite extensive research on the benefits of reverse logistics (RL), it has yet to become commonplace in the construction industry. Furthermore, the uptake and number of studies on RL remains very limited within the Australian context and particularly related to the construction industry. This paper is aimed at filling that knowledge gap by employing an exploratory approach to examine the critical barriers faced by South Australian construction organizations in implementing RL practices. Semi-structured interviews and a ranking approach facilitated the treatment of qualitative data through quantitative coding using cloud-based applications. The research identified 12 barriers to RL implementation, four of them very significant according to the responses of the interviewees: the regulatory environment, additional costs involved, lack of recognition in the construction supply chain, and extra effort required. The study also explored their inter-relationships through the Co-occurrence Index. The study proposes some remedial measures for RL implementation in South Australia based on the barriers identified.

Analisi multi-obiettivo in ottica lean-green della reverse logistics dei veicoli a fine vita (ELV)

La gestione del fine vita dei prodotti è un argomento di interesse attuale per le aziende; sempre più spesso l’imprese non possono più esimersi dall’implementare un efficiente sistema di Reverse Logistics. Per rispondere efficacemente a queste nuove esigenze diventa fondamentale ampliare i tradizionali sistemi logistici verso tutte quelle attività svolte all’interno della Reverse Logitics. Una gestione efficace ed efficiente dell’intera supply chain è un aspetto di primaria importanza per un’azienda ed incide notevolmente sulla sua competitività; proprio per perseguire questo obiettivo, sempre più aziende promuovono politiche di gestione delle supply chain sia Lean che Green. L’obiettivo di questo lavoro, nato dalle esigenze descritte sopra, è quello di applicare un modello innovativo che consideri sia politiche di gestione Lean, che dualmente politiche Green, alla gestione di una supply chain del settore automotive, comprendente anche le attività di gestione dei veicoli fuori uso (ELV). Si è analizzato per prima cosa i principi base e gli strumenti utilizzati per l’applicazione della Lean Production e del Green supply chain management e in seguito si è analizzato le caratteristiche distintive della Reverse Logistics e in particolare delle reti che trattano i veicoli a fine vita. L’obiettivo finale dello studio è quello di elaborare e implementare, tramite l’utilizzo del software AMPL, un modello di ottimizzazione multi-obiettivo (MOP- Multi Objective Optimization) Lean e Green a una Reverse Supply Chain dei veicoli a fine vita. I risultati ottenuti evidenziano che è possibile raggiungere un ottimo compromesso tra le due logiche. E' stata effettuata anche una valutazione economica dei risultati ottenuti, che ha evidenziato come il trade-off scelto rappresenti anche uno degli scenari con minor costi.

PET containers in Brazil: Opportunities and challenges of a logistics model for post-consumer waste recycling

The use of post-consumer materials is directly related to reducing the cost of production and extraction of natural resources. Non-recyclable materials are randomly disposed in the environment. Brazil is one of the largest consumers of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottles. The purpose of this paper is to describe the opportunities and challenges of the logistics model for post-consumer PET bottle recycling in Brazil, while providing knowledge of its practices along the recycling chain. The results describe the need to educate those directly and indirectly involved in the process: to reduce consumption in order to reduce the amount of waste generated: to structure the post-consumer reverse chain and engage industrial sectors and government, through public policies, to support cleaner technologies along the PET bottle production chain. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The significant role of third-party logistics (3pl) operators as fosterers of organizational performance in colombian companies

La eliminación de barreras entre países es una consecuencia que llega con la globalización y con los acuerdos de TLC firmados en los últimos años. Esto implica un crecimiento significativo del comercio exterior, lo cual se ve reflejado en un aumento de la complejidad de la cadena de suministro de las empresas. Debido a lo anterior, se hace necesaria la búsqueda de alternativas para obtener altos niveles de productividad y competitividad dentro de las empresas en Colombia, ya que el entorno se ha vuelto cada vez más complejo, saturado de competencia no sólo nacional, sino también internacional. Para mantenerse en una posición competitiva favorable, las compañías deben enfocarse en las actividades que le agregan valor a su negocio, por lo cual una de las alternativas que se están adoptando hoy en día es la tercerización de funciones logísticas a empresas especializadas en el manejo de estos servicios. Tales empresas son los Proveedores de servicios logísticos (LSP), quienes actúan como agentes externos a la organización al gestionar, controlar y proporcionar actividades logísticas en nombre de un contratante. Las actividades realizadas pueden incluir todas o parte de las actividades logísticas, pero como mínimo la gestión y ejecución del transporte y almacenamiento deben estar incluidos (Berglund, 2000). El propósito del documento es analizar el papel de los Operadores Logísticos de Tercer nivel (3PL) como promotores del desempeño organizacional en las empresas colombianas, con el fin de informar a las MIPYMES acerca de los beneficios que se obtienen al trabajar con LSP como un medio para mejorar la posición competitiva del país.

A política nacional de resíduos sólidos (Lei n. 12.305/10): uma análise dos mecanismos de proteção jurídica e promoção de cidadania dos catadores de materiais recicláveis

Este estudo trata da atual Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, regulamentada pelo Decreto n 7.404/10, enfocando os mecanismos jurídicos garantidores da integração dos catadores de materiais recicláveis e reutilizáveis na responsabilidade compartilhada pelo ciclo de vida dos produtos, que historicamente tem um passado de exploração de trabalho e invisibilidade social. Com o objetivo de analisar as condições de aplicabilidade dos mecanismos presentes na Lei n 12.305/10 voltados para o reconhecimento social e ambiental, como também para a proteção legal dos direitos desse grupo social, iremos inicialmente esclarecer os aspectos conceituais basilares para a compreensão da temática das iniquidades sociais, bem como verificar a importância da utilização da teoria das necessidades humanas fundamentais, como sendo um instrumento adequado para a interpretação dessa forma de exclusão social. Ademais, este trabalho se propõe a discutir as principais correntes teóricas contemporâneas utilizadas no estudo da otimização da satisfação das necessidades humanas fundamentais, como também teorizar, filosoficamente, que tais necessidades funcionam como pressuposto de justificação para atribuição de direitos específicos e obrigações institucionais. Do ponto de vista metodológico, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, tendo sido realizado, de forma dedutiva, levantamentos de dados por meio de revisão bibliográfica envolvendo consultas a jornais, revistas, livros, dissertações, teses, projetos, leis, decretos e pesquisas via internet em sites institucionais. O método de procedimento adotado foi o descritivo-analítico, ressaltando-se ainda que, de forma indutiva, foi igualmente desenvolvida uma pesquisa de campo em duas cooperativas de reciclagem da cidade de Campina Grande-PB. Os estudos desenvolvidos revelaram que o grupo social em análise se enquadra no contexto de pessoas que necessitam de otimização para satisfação das necessidades fundamentais, havendo uma consistente e sustentável argumentação teórica nesse sentido. Concluiu-se que, apesar do compromisso expresso na Lei n 12.305/10, para com a valorização do trabalho dos catadores, deve ocorrer um esforço interpretativo dos mecanismos de inclusão social, empoderamento econômico e reconhecimento social e ambiental desta categoria. Foi igualmente concluído que as estratégias de integração dos catadores na responsabilidade compartilhada pelo ciclo de vida dos produtos, criadas pela legislação de resíduos sólidos, foram delineadas a partir do reconhecimento dos catadores pelo poder público na coleta seletiva e da inserção dos catadores na logística reversa, garantindo condições de mercado e acesso a recursos; contudo, o principal desafio parece ser o da inovação na própria forma de se pensar as políticas públicas para o setor.

逆向物流流量不确定闭环供应链鲁棒运作策略设计

考虑一类同时具有再分销、再制造和再利用的闭环供应链在逆向物流流量不确定环境下的运作问题.采用具有已知概率的离散情景描述逆向物流流量的不确定性,利用基于情景分析的鲁棒线性优化方法建立该闭环供应链的多目标运作模型.设计了一个数值算例,其结果验证了运作策略的鲁棒性.在该算例基础上,分析了逆向物流流量的大小对闭环供应链系统运作性能的影响.

Optimização do processo de devolução de medicamentos fora do prazo de validade

RESUMO - Durante todo o seu ciclo de vida, o medicamento está sujeito a padrões de qualidade, segurança e eficácia, alicerçados numa atuação conjunta dos responsáveis pela sua colocação no mercado, das autoridades competentes nacionais e comunitárias. Os diferentes intervenientes estão sujeitos a um conjunto de obrigações e procedimentos que englobam também a sua fase final de retirada do mercado, devolução, recolha e valorização ou reciclagem. Neste trabalho é caracterizada a cadeia de distribuição do medicamento assim como o seu fluxo físico no sentido inverso, ou seja, o processo de devolução e de tratamento ambientalmente adequado para os resíduos de medicamentos. A maioria da literatura a respeito das devoluções de medicamentos enfatiza a vertente ecológica do sistema de logística inversa. Neste trabalho, as questões ambientais são discutidas , mas o objectivo primário focaliza questões económicas relacionadas com o processo de devoluções. São apresentadas as possíveis vantagens teóricas da criação de um sistema centralizado de gestão de devoluções, por oposição ao atual sistema de circuitos dispersos. Com a aplicação de um inquérito a armazenistas com larga responsabilidade no processo de devoluções, pretendeu-se avaliar os custos inerentes ao atual modelo. Os resultados obtidos indicam que existe margem potencial para reduzir custos neste processo, para a grande maioria dos armazenistas. Na área específica dos medicamentos fora de prazo de validade, o crescente desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento dos processos de devolução poderá direcionar-se no sentido da criação de centrais de devolução centralizadas.

Diseño del sistema logístico de la cadena de abastecimiento del desperdicio y desecho del vidrio

En economías emergentes y tan volátiles, los mercados globales de productos tradicionales se han vuelto poco atractivos, razón por la cual se investigo y se trabajo en la creación y adecuación de una organización que concentra, genera valor agregado y distribuye material reciclado de vidrio a Chile. Bajo este esquema se propone trabajar en un proyecto para el Centro de reciclaje La Alquería, situado en la ciudad de Bogotá, con el fin de abrir nuevos canales y mercados para el sector del reciclaje, generando nuevas oportunidades, competencias y practicas más eficientes en la administración logística para que esta empresa perdure en el tiempo.

Alternativas de optimización del proceso actual de recuperación de residuos sólidos en el centro de acopio del aeropuerto El Dorado de Bogotá

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal, presentar alternativas de optimización del proceso actual de recuperación de residuos sólidos en el Centro de Acopio obteniendo como resultado mejores prácticas para la recuperación de valor de los residuos sólidos que se generan en la Terminal de Pasajeros, Muelle de Carga Internacional, Muelle de Carga Nacional y edificio CISA. El estudio se constituye, como un ejercicio investigativo de carácter cualitativo analítico, que abarcara los factores que se tuvieron en cuenta para la presentación de alternativas que optimicen las instalaciones actuales y sus procesos.

Análisis de factibilidad en la recolección y recuperación de pilas de zinc-aire para audífonos cubiertos por el POS

Debido a la latente preocupación ambiental, la nueva y futura legislación sobre el tema y la forma en que estos factores afectan a las empresas, en este trabajo realizado en la Universidad del Rosario en el primer semestre del 2011, se realizó un estudio de la factibilidad de realizar un plan post consumo para las pilas zinc-aire, referencias R10, R13, R312 y R675 que son utilizadas para los aparatos auditivos. Existe una gran cantidad de pilas zinc-aire que alcanzan el final de su vida útil semanalmente en el país y estas son potencialmente tóxicas y no-biodegradables, por lo que decidimos investigar qué tan factible podía ser hacer una recuperación eficiente de las mismas y qué beneficios podría reportar a las empresas del sector. En la investigación se descartaron opciones como la desmaterialización para venta de sus materiales y la recarga de las pilas para su re-uso, ambas debido a que aún no se cuenta con la tecnología necesaria en el continente para estas opciones. Se consideró entonces el planteamiento de un plan Post-consumo para la correcta disposición de estas pilas, para lo cual es necesario exportarla al continente Europeo. A partir del planteamiento del Plan Post-consumo se hizo un estudio de la factibilidad del mismo, logrando determinar los aspectos principales del plan, como son: Información del producto, del mercado, transporte, almacenamiento, procedimiento del reciclaje, beneficios ambientales, y los costos de llevarlo a cabo.