Isolamento de linhagens fúngicas termofílicas produtoras de pectinases termoestáves: produção, caracterização e purificação parcial da poligalacturonase

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização e estudo do comportamento térmico de lodo proveniente da indústria sucroalcooleira

Pós-graduação em Química - IBILCE

Influência do substrato no cultivo e na composição química do cogumelo Pleurotus florida

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Isolamento de fungo produtor de enzimas xilanolíticas: produção e caracterização de xilanase

Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR

Atividade de enzimas lignocelulolíticas no crescimento de Lentinula edodes em subprodutos energéticos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise de decisão sobre o aproveitamento do palhiço da cana-de-açúcar, posto na unidade industrial, para fins de cogeração

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Estudo da emissão e do controle dos gases e particulados provenientes da queima de biomassa

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Complexo xilanolítico de Penicillium sclerotiorum: produção, purificação e caracterização de xilanases e de ß-xilosidases

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação in vivo e in vitro do potencial citotóxico, genotóxico e mutagênico da água e do sedimento do rio Corumbataí - São Paulo, Brasil

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Celular e Molecular) - IBRC

Desenvolvimento de filmes biodegradáveis à base de zeína, caracterização das propriedades funcionais e estruturais e avaliação do uso como cobertura na conservação das características físico-químicas do queijo Minas padrão

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Investigação dos métodos de separação, uso e aplicação da Lignina proveniente da biomassa lignocelulósica

This study investigated the main methods of separation of components of lignocellulosic biomass, with an emphasis on obtaining lignin and its application. The work was developed based on the concept of Biorefinery proposing full use of renewable raw materials and / or the use of lignocellulosic agricultural residues by biochemical or biotechnological conversion in obtaining high value added products with minimal environmental impact. From this premise, a literature review was performed in refereed journal articles and theses in order to gather enough material for critical analysis of usual and alternative methods in the literature. When researching methods that add value to lignin, it was found that with the technology found today, the cost required to have a degree of competitiveness is still too high, preventing much of the process. However, the isolated lignin can be used as raw material in the production of numerous types of biocomposites and polymers and other products such as phenols, benzene, dispersants, vanillin, emulsifying agents, antioxidants, pesticides, fertilizers, charcoal, concrete additives, among others. As an industrial production level is necessary, because the consumption of biomass will only grow over the years, it is necessary that new methods or technologies to be created in order to facilitate the extensive use of lignocellulosic biomass

Investigação dos métodos de separação, uso e aplicação da Lignina proveniente da biomassa lignocelulósica

This study investigated the main methods of separation of components of lignocellulosic biomass, with an emphasis on obtaining lignin and its application. The work was developed based on the concept of Biorefinery proposing full use of renewable raw materials and / or the use of lignocellulosic agricultural residues by biochemical or biotechnological conversion in obtaining high value added products with minimal environmental impact. From this premise, a literature review was performed in refereed journal articles and theses in order to gather enough material for critical analysis of usual and alternative methods in the literature. When researching methods that add value to lignin, it was found that with the technology found today, the cost required to have a degree of competitiveness is still too high, preventing much of the process. However, the isolated lignin can be used as raw material in the production of numerous types of biocomposites and polymers and other products such as phenols, benzene, dispersants, vanillin, emulsifying agents, antioxidants, pesticides, fertilizers, charcoal, concrete additives, among others. As an industrial production level is necessary, because the consumption of biomass will only grow over the years, it is necessary that new methods or technologies to be created in order to facilitate the extensive use of lignocellulosic biomass

Rice husk derived waste materials as partial cement replacement in lightweight concrete

In this study rice husk ash (RHA) and broiler bed ash from rice husk (BBA), two agricultural waste materials, have been assessed for use as partial cement replacement materials for application in lightweight concrete. Physical and chemical characteristics of RHA and BBA were first analyzed. Three similar types of lightweight concrete were produced, a control type in which the binder was just CEMI cement (CTL) and two other types with 10% cement replacement with, respectively, RHA and BBA. All types of similar lightweight concrete were prepared to present the same workability by adjusting the amount of superplasticizer. Properties of concrete investigated were compressive and flexural strength at different ages, absorption by capillarity, resistivity and resistance to chloride ion penetration (CTH method) and accelerated carbonation. Test results obtained for 10% cement replacement level in lightweight concrete indicate that although the addition of BBA conducted to lower performance in terms of the degradation indicative tests, RHA led to the enhancement of mechanical properties, especially early strength and also fast ageing related results, further contributing to sustainable construction with energy saver lightweight concrete.

Perfil criminológico del incendiario forestal: estudio empírico basado en la evidencia

Los incendios forestales suponen un gran problema ecológico y social en España, siendo la cuestión medioambiental que más preocupa a la población. Constituyen además un tipo delictivo con una alta incidencia, habiéndose producido en el último decenio más de 15.000 incendios forestales al año. Por otro lado, no es relevante sólo el número de siniestros sino la superfície forestal afectada debido a que en los últimos 20 años ha podido verse dañada el 25% del total de la superfície en España. El mes con mayor superfície forestal afectada del decenio para el total nacional fue agosto de 2006 con 97.394 hectáreas de superfície forestal recorrida por el fuego, perteneciendo el 86% a la Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia, que en dicho mes registró un total de 2.253 siniestros. A partir de ese momento la Fiscalía del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de esa Comunidad Autónoma impulsó el desarrollo de nuevas herramientas de investigación, como el perfil criminológico, abriendo las Diligencias de Investigación 58/2006. Por otro lado, el Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente (MAGRAMA) documenta en sus informes que un 55-60% de los incendios forestales parecen ser intencionados, asumiendo esa motivación distintas formas, siendo las más habituales la eliminación de matorral y resíduos agrícolas y la regeneración de pastizales (prácticas tradicionales inadecuadas), las quemas por “pirómanos”, la obtención de algún beneficio no agrícola ni forestal (como, por ejemplo, facilitar la caza) y la venganza. Las estadísticas medioambientales también informan de que sólo se identifica a un 2-3% de sus autores, por lo que cualquier esfuerzo que se haga por incrementar esta cifra deberia ser bienvenido, tanto para exigir las responsabilidades que correspondan como, lo que es más importante si cabe, para prevenir incendios futuros...

Crescimento micelial de Ganoderma lucidum em diferentes substratos e relação com concentração de β-Glucanas, atividade antioxidante e efeitos sobre o desempenho de coelhos

Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom traditionally consumed in Asian countries that presents several beneficial effects already verified. Despite all studies about their bioactive compounds, the best cultivation media enrichment aiming to increase the production of these compounds is still uncertain. Besides, few studies are related to the performance of production animals. In order to test different cultivation media for G. lucidum mycelia, agricultural residues (solid state fermentation) and different sugars and aminoacids (in culture media with agar), were tested to evaluate G. lucidum mycelium growth. Supply of flour with G. lucidum mycelia obtained by solid state fermentation (wheat grain) for rabbits was also evaluated. Mycelium of G. lucidum developed very well in all agricultural residues, soybean hulls was the residue that presented higher growth rate and higher concentration of β-glucans. In the cultivation media experiment, G. lucidum also developed well, media that contained cellobiose and tyrosine, despite presenting lower growth rates and total growth within 10 days, produced mycelia with higher concentration of β-glucans and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), respectively. Rabbits did not show any sign of intolerance to feed with different concentrations of flour with G. lucidum mycelium. All performance parameters and dressing percentages were adequate to the age at which they were slaughtered. Histological evaluation of organs presented alterations in renal cells (tubular and glomerulus), indicating a possible renal lesion according to the increase of flour with mycelium in feed. Histomorphometric evaluation showed increased vilous height in ileum and decreased vilous width of jejunus at 0.5% concentration, and decrease in crypt diameter according to the increase of concentration of flour with mycelium in feed. These results indicate the possibility of more studies regarding the aspects about cellobiose and tyrosine utilization for the production of bioactive compounds, and about toxicity of this mushroom mycelia, assuring the safety in supplying this product for animails.