844 resultados para Reprodução do espaço urbano


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Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em História da Arte

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As transformações na dinâmica demográfica ocorrida nas últimas décadas nos espaços urbanos passam, em grande medida, pela reconfiguração territorial, econômica e social das áreas metropolitanas, na qual os movimentos das pessoas exercem influência fundamental. Para este trabalho, propomos uma abordagem sobre o movimento migratório intra-metropolitano em 14 áreas metropolitanas brasileiras, quais sejam: Belém, Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Campinas, Curitiba, Florianópolis, Fortaleza, Goiânia, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, São Paulo e Vitória; questionamos se este fenômeno estaria alterando a histórica “pressão pelas áreas centrais metropolitanas” ou se essa população está mudando de residência, mas continua trabalhando no núcleo. Pensando sobre os movimentos da população ocupada nas regiões metropolitanas, buscamos ainda considerar os tipos de movimentos realizados (núcleo-periferia; periferia-núcleo e periferia-periferia) com uma caracterização desta população. Portanto, nossa reflexão está relacionada às diferentes lógicas que operam sobre o lugar de moradia das pessoas e os lugares de outros fazeres que determinam a vida urbana, especialmente o lugar de trabalho. A localização dos postos de trabalho em áreas mais “centrais” e a quantidade considerável de pessoas que se deslocam para estes municípios também são fenômenos expressivos ainda. Será que os movimentos cotidianos podem se apresentar como uma alternativa para a residência em outras áreas da metrópole e o trabalho nas áreas centrais? Nossa proposta é a de que esses processos precisam ser analisados cada vez mais em conjunto com a migração intra-metropolitana.

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Trata a inter-relação entre os processos sócio-econômicos e o desenvolvimento urbano

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Trata do estudo da implementação de uma política urbana no processo de transição para a urbanização capitalista industrial da cidade de São Paulo ocorrido durante o Estado Novo (1937 a 1945>). A análise da implementação da política urbana interesse na análise das transformações espaciais ocorridas no processo de industrialização, sendo estas transformações abordadas em três diferentes momentos; antes, durante e depois da intervenção, de modo a sugerir uma visão comparativa das diferentes fases do processo e dai apreender o papel do Estado. O objeto empírico e o Plano de Avenidas, implementado pelo Prefeito Francisco Prestes Maia, durante o Estado Novo. A política urbana é associada à política pública de desenvolvimento industrial, construída no pós- Revolução de 1930 e no processo de consolidação da sociedade urbano-industrial no Brasil.

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Este estudo tem como tema os condomínios horizontais fechados, tipologia habitacional que constitui atualmente uma grande fatia do mercado imobiliário brasileiro. O problema de pesquisa reside na satisfação dos moradores em relação ao ambiente interno dos condomínios, o que contribui para sua expansão e legitimação, e na forma que eles interferem na qualidade do ambiente construído. Assim, é objetivo avaliar o desempenho interno dos condomínios horizontais fechados no que tange ao preenchimento das expectativas de seus usuários e o impacto físico-espacial que causam no espaço urbano. Para tal, são selecionados três condomínios horizontais fechados de médio porte, localizados em zonas de tecido urbano consolidado de Porto Alegre, compostos por sobrados dispostos em fita, circundados por barreiras funcionais e visuais (muros), e habitados por população de classe alta. Para comparação, é selecionada uma sub-área (rua) nas proximidades de cada condomínio investigado, com características físico-espaciais similares às adjacentes aos condomínios, porém constituída por edificações tradicionais. Como método de coleta de dados são utilizadas técnicas da área de pesquisa ‘Ambiente Comportamento’: questionários, mapas mentais, observações de comportamento e de traços físicos, levantamentos físicos detalhados, e levantamentos de arquivo, como desenhos e demais dados coletados junto a órgãos públicos, incluindo o registro da ocorrência de crimes. Além da análise estatística não paramétrica dos dados quantitativos e da análise dos dados qualitativos, quanto ao seu significado e freqüência, é procedida a análise compositiva dos condomínios selecionados e sua relação com o espaço urbano, assim como a análise sintática das linhas representativas das ruas mais e menos integradas Os principais resultados demonstram que os condomínios horizontais fechados tendem a produzir ambientes residenciais que repercutem positivamente na satisfação de seus moradores, atendendo às suas expectativas. Assim, pode-se dizer que possuem bom desempenho interno, e que os pontos positivos centram-se em seu interior. Por outro lado, os condomínios investigados são usualmente percebidos como estruturas monótonas, o que repercute negativamente para a aparência das ruas que conformam. Ainda, a inexistência de conexões físicas entre o espaço público e o privado, tende a favorecer a ocorrência de determinados tipos de crimes, aumentar o sentimento de insegurança, além de diminuir a intensidade e simplificar o tipo de uso dos espaços públicos. Assim, os condomínios horizontais fechados tendem a impactar negativamente o espaço urbano

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Trata-se de desenvolver uma análise sobre o processo de urbanização na cidade de São Carlos e, no contexto dessa análise, de identificar os determinantes da passagem de um padrão de moradia popular a outro, em um momento histórico de destruição da hegemonia agro-exportadora e de início e consolidação da industrialização.

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The present work analyzes the fast evolution of gated communities in Natal-RN´s urban space. Characterized by the occupation of large areas, providing private security and utilities, this kind of real estate use arises a long list of questions and issues from society and scholars, due to privatization of urban space, bending of law constraints and the lack of an integrated planning of the cities where they are built. The reasons for its fast growth in Brazil s urban areas are analyzed, considering the impact on formal urban planning and municipal services and on the identification of urbanistic, architectural pattern and constraints, as well as legal, social and economic issues. This study is based on the detailed analysis of the first three units of gated communities built in the urban space in Natal, between 1995 and 2003, including their evolution throughout time and the specific social and economic reasons for its present widespread adoption in Brazilian real estate market and, particulary, in our city. The main objective of this piece of work is to answer the why s and how s these phenomena evolved, setting a basis for the definition of adequate public policies and regulation of this kind of urban land use

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The present research deals with the modernization process of the Cidade da Parahyba2, between 1850 and 1924, and its relation with the cotton economy, which represented the main source of wealth accumulation for both the private and the public sectors throughout the First Republic. This study on urban history was developed by focusing on the understanding of the city s spatial formation, and despite its emphasis on the economic aspects involved, other factors that also contribute to the development of the social life were not put aside. The modernization process of the Cidade da Parahyba was also analyzed during the period established for the study according to a chronological and thematic approach that established comparisons with the financial situation of the State, whenever this was necessary, with special attention to the contribution of the cotton economy to the State´s revenues. It was possible to detect a lack of financial help and loans from the federal and municipal administrations for finishing several public works already underway in the capital, since the federal funds allocated to the State of Parahyba do Norte were rather employed in emergency works against droughts and in agricultural development. One can then conclude that the financial resources required for the urban interventions were withdrawn from the State s treasury itself, resources that were collected mainly from activities such as cotton exportation and cotton trading. Another factor shows the interdependence between the urban remodeling and the cotton economy: during the years marked by great droughts or by hard plagues on the cotton plantations, cotton production decreased, as well as the State s finances. The first measures taken by the State s administrators were to halt all projects of urban remodeling in progress in the Cidade da Parahyba, which was, clearly, the most privileged city by the State s presidents during the period analyzed. 2 The city of João Pessoa was named Cidade da Parahyba, a designation that remained until September 1930, when it received its present-day name in order to pay homage to the president of the State, João Pessoa Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, murdered in the city of Recife in August of that same year. At that time, the State of Paraíba was known as Parahyba do Norte. Since this work is limited to a period of time comprised within the First Republic, the names employed respect the terms used in those days

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The central objective of this thesis is studying the changes in the industrial sector of Campina Grande-PB, in the years 1990, about the size of that space and urban sector. The hypothesis that guides this work is that there was a reconfiguration and industrial space in recent years, the result of the restructuring of productive capital and, secondarily, public policies - economic, urban etc. - implemented in the municipality in the years 1990. This reconfiguration industrial meant thepredominance of certain productive segments of the industry and the shift towards urban-industrial areas (industrial districts). This work is guided in these two axes to explain the changes in the industrial campinense and its consequent impact on the urban development of Campina Grande. It is understood by reconfiguration industrial changes in industrial structure, namely the preponderance of one or more productive segments on the other, changing the scenario of production, employment and the number of establishments. In this study, are considered as institutional structures of support and assistance to industry, the various institutions that directly and indirectly, contribute to the development of productive activity. These structures are the first to undergo institutional changes, physical and policies because of intrinsic connection with the industry. The institutional structures contribute to the development of industrial activity and urban development. In Campina Grande, these institutions are important for facilitating the development of certain segments. In this work, sought to identify the current configuration industrial campinense, explaining how the restructuring of production transformed the industry, modifying the urban space in Campina Grande - PB, to direct itself to specific urban areas, from the early 1990

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This work broaches the participation of the Jewish community in the urban expansion of Recife, Brazil, during the Dutch period (1630-1654). With the arrival of the Dutch, the village of Olinda, former capital of Pernambuco, was destroyed and Recife received the juridical statute of city (stad), becoming the capital of Dutch Brazil or New Holland. It became the main West Indians Company s entrepot in South Atlantic, serving as naval base, port of call for ships, and point of export of the sugar production of Pernambuco, and import of European goods and African slaves. In order to such administrative, military and economic functions be carried out, the sand isthmus where Recife used to stay, and the fluvial island of Antônio Vaz, received improvements of many sort. The Dutch hydraulic technology was put in practice, with a posture of opposition between civilization and nature. Among military works and production of urban equipments, the rivers shores were land-filled, canals were built, bridges were lifted, and hundreds of buildings were erected. The civil Dutch population of Recife engaged in the process of production of physical space, which brought a sense of collective action towards the formation of the urban, or burgher, community. From the physical to the social space, there was an effort towards Dutch cultural standards in the urban environment. The Zur Israel Jewish community, formed by private civilians, it is, nonemployees of the WIC, engaged in those processes. It produced physical space through the land-filling and improvement of non healthy areas, and was also responsible for the construction of a significant section of the town s buildings and some of urban equipments, such as stores, markets and slave-warehouses, making more dynamic their economical activities. But their social traffic was due to the adaptation of their behavior to the standards of Dutch sociability. Thus, the community body made itself part of the social body. Disposing of internal selfregulation, it produced spaces with their cultural references cemetery, synagogue, texts enjoying benefits of the government. Zur Israel inscribed itself in the universal history of the Jews as the first community of Americas, and had a fundamental part on the emancipation of Jews within Western society

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thèse de maîtrise, qui a été idealizée et exécutée à partir de la réunion et les relations dialogiques établies entre la géographie et l'histoire, et l'espace et le temps, a considéré l'environnement urbain comme le thème général et, comme la référence empirique, l'espace urbain de Caicó, incrusté dans les terres semi-arides du Sertão do Seridó Potiguar, plus précisément à la mi-sud de l'État du Rio Grande do Norte. Dans cet espace, à travers de recherche des fragments de mémoires acquis de diverses sources historiques, on a tenté de faire des investigations sur les transformations urbaines qui ont eu lieu dans la ville au cours des années 50 et 60 du XXe siècle. Ces transformations, dans l espace urbain de Caicó à un moment du pic de l'activité de développement de coton, reflétaient et conditionnaient les propres projets de modernization urbaine qui représentants des élites locales eurent conçu avec l'objectif de la construction d une ville idéal dans les regions isolées du Seridó: moderne, civilisé, progressive et capitale régionale du Seridó. Pour cette construction, les nouveaux équipements et services urbains ont passé du plan imaginaire à l espace réel, installés dans plusieurs quartiers de la ville en transformant le paysage urbain. Face à cette situation, cinémas, magasins, station de radio, énergie électrique, institutions de l'éducation, téléphonie, maison de soins infirmiers, usine de bénéficiement de coton, banques, politiques urbaines, hygiéniques et sanitaires, modes de comportement, sociabilités urbaines distincttes, parmi d'autres éléments géographiques se sont institués à travers la réalisation de certains idéaux de progrès social et dans un esprit de modernité urbaine, dans de nouveaux espaces et pratiques inventés, tramés et éprouvés sur les rochers et entre le cours d eau au milieu d'un quotidien urbain marqué par ruptures et permanence de certaines coutumes et habitudes antiques et de certains paysages et environnement ridé

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This study aimed to explore the process of reproduction of space from the small family farm production in the municipality of Canguaretama, specifically focused on foodstuffs of plant origin, seeking to understand the changes in agrarian space canguaretamense and its impact on small family farms the last 35 years. Since colonization, during the seventeenth century, the production of space agrarian Canguaretama was founded under a structure based on large ownership and cultivation of cane sugar. Secondly, it was being built a small space reserved for food production to meet both the consumption of property, but also for local marketing. In the centuries following the changes in the capitalist system imposed a new dynamic for small food production, mostly in the early twentieth century, with processing plants and mills in the area extending toward the cultivation of sugarcane. In the second half of that century, mainly in the 1980s, the cultivation of cane sugar was encouraged to produce alcohol, which led to a further expansion of sugar cane toward the areas targeted for the production of foodstuffs. Currently, the framework of small food production differs little from the period of colonization in relation to the difficulties faced by this segment of agriculture. Thus, we have a reality based on socio-spatial inequality, and the near absence of the Government, which requires urgent implementation of public policies for the production and organization of small producers into associations or cooperatives to improve the productivity and hence in their standards of living and their families