975 resultados para Religious diversity


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This paper will first deal with the legal and social situation of Islam and Muslims in Austria and then turn to particular “troublesome issues” at the intersection of gender equality and ethnic/religious diversity. The public debate on Muslims particularly focuses on the notion “not willing to integrate” and in the assumption of “parallel societies”. Hierarchical gender relations and “harmful traditions” such as veiling, female genital cutting, forced marriage and honour based violence recently became the centre of attention. We will show that the Austrian debate on these issues is shaped by the idea of “dangerous cultural difference” as something coming from outside and being concentrated in segregated Muslim enclaves. Despite the public authorities’ rejection of the idea that Islam was responsible for “harmful traditions”, legal as well as political measures in Austria not only combat violence against women but also fuel “cultural anxieties” between different ethnic and religious groups.

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While psychology recognizes and celebrates multicultural diversity connoting the inclusivity of all, it seems to ignore sociopolitical and religious diversity. Within contemporary multiculturalism, conservative voices are often found wanting. In this study, a "liberal" privilege survey was developed to examine the inclusion and limits of conservative ideology within the multicultural paradigm of psychology training programs and workplaces. It was hypothesized that mental health professionals who identified as more conservative would express more oppression of views/values in their workplace than individuals who did not identify as being conservative and those who identified as more liberal would express bias and concerns against those holding conservative views. Results did not support an overall generalization of conservative bias or intolerance, but did provide some evidence of discontent among individuals holding more conservative religious and sociopolitical values. Overall, findings reinforce the need for gathering more data on sociopolitical and religious variables within the context of multiculturalism and broadening the dialogue on diversity issues surrounding sociopolitical views and bias among colleagues and in training programs.

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Like other nations, Australia has experienced significant change in the past few decades as its society has become increasingly diverse. The new cultures and traditions that result from ethnic and religious diversity have both enriched Australian society and presented it with some challenges. Other challenges have resulted from increased globalisation. For example, the economic fallout from the recent global financial crisis indicates that global issues can impact across a range of levels, from multinational corporations and nation-states to local sites and individual livelihoods. Some suggest that Australia fared better than other nations during this economic crisis because of its export trade with China. Although this is disputed by economists, it highlights another facet of change that is impacting on Australian society and this relates to Australia’s growing engagement with the nations of Asia. There is increasing awareness in education systems that if young people are to achieve their potential as future citizens they need to be able to negotiate the cultural, social, political and economic ties that connect them to the global and regional community through work, leisure and citizenship. Multicultural education, global studies and studies of Asia play a particular part in helping young people to: • appreciate cultural diversity within and beyond their own nation • imagine with some accuracy how others view their world • participate in shaping a better future. This chapter explores the origins, distinctions and common features of each approach.

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This paper explores the link between experience and context. It places the lived experiences of Karen refugees during settlement in Brisbane, Australia within the socio-political context of Burma, or particularly the historical context of persecution. Two key events – the Wrist-tying Ceremony and the Karen New Year – provide a link between experience and context. The findings of this study show a community strategically at work in a new and ongoing settlement process. This process pays respect to the complexities of cultural integrity whilst also engaging with the challenges of integration. The complexities are local (in terms of cultural, linguistic and religious diversity), national (maintaining a broader sense of community that includes linkages across Australia, as well as an engagement with the Australian socio-political context), and transnational (participating in a global Karen community). This transnational community encompasses Karen settling elsewhere in the world, Karen in refugee camps neighbouring Burma, and Karen living inside Burma. This paper argues that substantial “identity work” is involved in Karen settlement. The two key community events are useful vignettes of this identity work. Both events demonstrate how Karen cultural practices can meaningfully negotiate deeply historical ideas of Karen identity with contemporary challenges of settlement. In addition, they set out a version of settlement that departs from traditional settlement constructs; they show how the lived experience of settlement is messy, complex and dynamic, and not reflective of the neat, idealistic models that immigration policy and settlement theory project.

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Tendo em vista o pluralismo religioso e a importância política que as tradições religiosas e as comunidades de fé assumiram nos últimos anos, essa dissertação se dedica ao estudo do conceito moderno de tolerância a partir da interpretação pós-secular de Jürgen Habermas, a qual toma como base a concepção enunciada por Rainer Forst. Tal conceito tem papel de destaque na formação deliberativa da vontade de cidadãos que desejam reconhecer-se como iguais em sociedades marcadas por uma profunda diversidade cultural. O desafio foi, diante do multiculturalismo das sociedades modernas pluralizadas e secularizadas, identificar um procedimento capaz de atender à exigência que se impõe com o fato do pluralismo - um conceito de justiça eticamente neutro - sem, contudo, que isto se desse à custa do desrespeito às minorias religiosas e culturais. A reflexão acerca da tolerância e das dificuldades de sua realização nas sociedades contemporâneas tomou, em grande parte do estudo, o ponto de vista da diversidade religiosa e do crescente papel que a religião desempenha na esfera pública.

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Nesta tese serão discutidas as principais interseções entre a expansão do pentecostalismo protestante e as culturas locais que são alvo de sua ação evangelizadora. Mais especificamente, pretendemos demonstrar, a partir de estudos realizados em algumas regiões do estado de Minas Gerais e Norte de Portugal, de que forma certas conformações culturais mostram-se extremamente refratárias à implantação e limitam o crescimento das igrejas pentecostais. Nesse sentido, procuramos relativizar algumas vertentes teóricas que têm sido chamadas de paradigma da escolha racional em religião, que em um salto para fora da teoria sociológica de entendimento da religião busca na Economia seus principais fundamentos. De forma diversa, nesta tese defender-se-á que processos histórico-estruturais influenciam a demanda por religião e que a produção e principalmente o consumo dos bens religiosos estão imersos nas relações sociais face-a-face. Desta maneira, não acreditamos serem as regulações estatais a principal variável quando se trata de diversidade religiosa. Outros sim, pensamos que este papel cabe às relações societais, que limitam e regulam o trânsito dos indivíduos entre as denominações religiosas.

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The Kabbalah Centre is an offshoot of Judaism which since the 1990s has spread kabbalistic teaching in several countries to a religiously diverse audience. This article compares two European branches of the Kabbalah Centre: the flourishing London Centre, and the Parisian Centre that declined in the late 1990s before closing its doors in 2005. It emphasizes in particular the responses they stirred from the media, anticult movements, Orthodox Judaism and the Jewish population. Ultimately, this case study allows us to observe, in situ, the trajectory of a global religion, torn between its Jewish roots and universalistic ambitions. It emphasizes the importance, in this process, of the relationship it maintains, willingly or not, with its original religious frame. Consequently, the importance of local contexts is raised, illustrating the impact and combination of diverse factors. In addition to public and official responses to religious diversity, religious movements are affected by the religious landscape and the structures and authorities of religious organizations, as well as the religious and cultural characteristics of the population. Ultimately, this article underscores the complexity of the globalization of religion, which embraces a wide range of complex, sometimes ambiguous, situations lying between strong particularistic identity-claims and cosmopolitan, universalistic ambitions.

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France’s distinctive reaction towards “cults” is generally described as a result of laïcité’s consubstantial problems with religious diversity. The aim of this article is to present an alternative way of thinking about the French cult controversy and, ultimately, about the concept of “laïcité” as an explanatory framework for France’s response to religious diversity. It draws on empirical data to look at how notions such as “laïcité” and “cults” are used in official discourses and translated into administrative practice. This approach will underline that laïcité is not a driving force that predetermines a unilateral response to “cults”, but that laïcité is as laïcité does, in other words a highly claimed and contested value, reflecting divergent political and administrative approaches of the cult phenomenon. The framework “laïcité versus religious diversity” is also undermined by another crucial observation. While it sees the cult controversy as primarily a religious issue, it seems that the recent revitalisation of the combat against “cults” was made possible by its partial dissociation from the religious sphere and its extension to a wide range of practices and new areas.

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Inclusion is increasingly understood as an educational reform that responds to the diversity of all learners, challenging the marginalization, exclusion and underachievement which may result from all forms of ‘difference’. Leadership for inclusion is conceptualized here as driving a constant struggle to create shared meanings of inclusion and to build collaborative practice, an effort that needs to be rooted in critical practice lest it risk replicating existing patterns of disadvantage. In response to calls for further research that challenge how school leaders conceptualize inclusion and for research that investigates how leaders enact their understandings of inclusion, this paper aims to increase our understanding of the extent to which leadership vision can map onto a school’s culture and of the organizational conditions in schools that drive responses to diversity. We investigate the enactment of leadership for inclusion in the troubled context of Northern Ireland by looking at two schools that primarily aim to integrate Catholic and Protestant children but which are also sites for a range of other dimensions of student ‘difference’ to come together. Whilst the two schools express differing visions of the integration of Catholics and Protestants, leadership vision of inclusion is enacted by members of the school community with a consensus around this vision brought about by formal and informal aspects of school culture. Multiple and intersecting spheres of difference stimulate a concerted educational response in both schools but integration remains the primary focus. In this divided society, religious diversity poses a significant challenge to inclusion and further support is required from leaders to enable teachers to break through cultural restraints.

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L’effervescence religieuse et politique au Cameroun engendre progressivement la fragmentation ethnique du peuple chrétien camerounais. Face à la manipulation politique, l’autre nom de l’injustice ethnique, la plupart des Camerounais et Camerounaises y compris les chrétiens réagissent désormais par le tribalisme, l’autre nom de la résignation ou mieux du déchirement social. Les Camerounais et Camerounaises donnent l’impression d’avoir perdu l’esprit de résistance/dissidence qui leur a valu la liberté ou mieux l’indépendance. Comment ignorer que de s’accoutumer au drame de la dérive ethnique, en s’installant, pour des raisons de survie, dans l’éclatement le plus abject, c’est opter pour l’asservissement volontaire d’un peuple qui mène inexorablement au génocide collectif ? Notre recherche repose sur l’hypothèse que les conflits ethniques ont pénétré la sphère du christianisme et font désormais partie des dysfonctionnements de l’Église du Cameroun. Ces dysfonctionnements internes nuisent à la crédibilité de l’Église. Il y a un lien entre les défaillances observées dans l’Église et les défaillances de la société Camerounaise. De plus, le rapport de convergence entre les rivalités ethniques et la religion, provoque un questionnement théologique inévitable : comment amener les différentes ethnies qui forment la plupart des États africains à un harmonieux vivre - ensemble inspiré par le mode de vie et de fonctionnement des Églises chrétiennes, au Cameroun en l'occurrence ? Faut-il se limiter à l’adoption d’une nouvelle image de l’Église par exemple l’Église-famille-de-Dieu, ou bien faut-il prendre le taureau par les cornes et éduquer les peuples africains à une culture de la paix ? La démarche de cette thèse s’inspire de la méthode adoptée par la théologie pratique, c’est-à-dire la praxéologie1, en relation avec la théologie contextuelle2, au niveau du lien avec les méthodes d’analyses des sciences sociales et sciences humaines, et au niveau de sa dimension prophétique créatrice. Elle est construite autour de quatre coordonnées: observation (médiation sociale), interprétation (médiation herméneutique), intervention pastorale (médiation pratique) et prospective. 1 Cf. G. ROUTHIER, et M.VIAU, (dir.), Précis de théologie pratique, Montréal/Bruxelles, Novalis/Lumen Vitae, 2004, 819 p. 2 Cf. C. BOFF, Théorie et pratique . La méthode des théologies de la libération, Paris, Cerf, 1990, 400 p. ii La thèse comporte quatre parties. La première partie (chapitres 1, 2 et 3) consacrée à l’observation cerne la problématique du vivre ensemble multiethnique, pour permettre de mieux percevoir la manifestation du phénomène du tribalisme dans l’Église (les Églises) et la société camerounaise. Elle montre que des situations dramatiques, de malheurs, de pauvreté, de famine, de conflits et de guerres sont causées en partie par le tribalisme exclusif. La deuxième partie (chapitres 4 et 5) porte sur la question du sens. Elle analyse et met à l’épreuve la compréhension du phénomène du tribalisme et des conflits ethniques dans la société et dans les Églises du Cameroun. Sont ainsi abordés, successivement, les principales articulations du tribalisme, la stratégie mise sur pied (diviser pour mieux régner) pour la transformation des structures sociales au Cameroun pendant la colonisation, puis récupérée par les politiciens comme idéologie politique depuis les indépendances. Nous en sommes arrivés à constater que cette idéologie a conduit à une profonde déstructuration de la société camerounaise jusque dans l’Église (les Églises). La troisième partie (chapitres 6 et 7) est consacrée à la pratique ecclésiale du dialogue de la diversité ethnique africaine pour la paix ; nous y montrons comment les solidarités ethniques purifiées au feu de l’Évangile peuvent avoir une influence sur la pratique chrétienne. Nous cherchons ensuite à démontrer que le dialogue interethnique bien articulé est le chemin de la réconciliation. La quatrième partie (chapitre 8) est un effort pour passer de l’utopie mise en pratique à une pratique en forme d’utopie. Nous cherchons à montrer que le dialogue pastoral enrichi par la diversité ethnique et religieuse entraînera la transformation de l’Église locale dans son interaction avec les différentes ethnies du Cameroun et d’Afrique.

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Les pratiques religieuses dans les pays de l’Atlantique Nord se transforment et on observe pour une partie de leur population le passage d’un « croire institutionnalisé » à une spiritualité influencée par diverses traditions, dont certaines ont fait leur apparition sur ce territoire au milieu du 20e siècle. Le présent mémoire vise à mettre en lumière une des facettes de la diversité religieuse contemporaine; suite aux questionnements qui ont surgi au long du travail, il aborde aussi certains enjeux sous-jacents à l’analyse d’un groupe religieux en anthropologie, notamment comment aborder le terrain et comment considérer un tel groupe. J’ai choisi pour ce faire de décrire un groupe religieux québécois qui est lié à un culte afro-brésilien – l’umbanda– et qui est membre d’un réseau transnational de temples. J’examinerai d’abord comment l’umbanda s’est développée au Brésil, car cela fournira des indications pertinentes sur, entre autres choses, l’éventuelle perméabilité de cette tradition, une fois le groupe implanté dans un pays de l’Atlantique Nord. J’examinerai ensuite le type de transnationalisation qui a présidé à la naissance du temple à Montréal, car cette analyse offre des indices permettant de déterminer comment un tel groupe s’insère dans le paysage religieux de divers pays. Enfin, en me penchant sur les pratiques religieuses des membres du groupe, je tenterai de dégager certaines particularités locales.

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Depuis les dernières décennies, la composition de la population québécoise, en lien avec l’immigration, est amenée à se modifier de plus en plus. Les politiques de régionalisation mises sur pied par l’État québécois ainsi que la présence de l’Université du Québec à Chicoutimi encouragent vivement l’essor d’une nouvelle diversité au sein de la population du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean. La présence musulmane, même si elle représente une faible proportion de l’immigration totale, constitue une nouvelle réalité pour une région éloignée des grands centres. L’exploration de l'établissement d'immigrants de confession musulmane en région s’insère donc dans un contexte politique (régionalisation de l’immigration) et social particulier (populations minoritaires) et où les questions soulevées demandent une plus grande attention de la part des chercheurs. Comment se vit l'islam et quelle forme prend cette religion en contexte migratoire? De quelle manière ces populations vivant désormais en situation minoritaire composent-elles avec cette nouvelle réalité? À quelles stratégies les musulmans ont-ils recours pour vivre leur croyance et les pratiques qui en découlent? La mosquée joue-t-elle un rôle particulier dans le parcours d’établissement des personnes qui la fréquentent? Quels rapports les musulmans à Saguenay entretiennent-ils vis-à-vis de leur nouvelle société de résidence? Cette recherche nous aidera à mieux cerner comment l'établissement d’immigrants de confession musulmane évolue au sein d’une société historiquement et culturellement non musulmane.

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Mon mémoire propose un portrait ethnographique de la congrégation juive reconstructionniste Dorshei Emet à travers l’analyse combinée des rituels et des discours des membres. Les rituels proposés à la congrégation transmettent la philosophie reconstructionniste et un éthos que les membres s’approprient de différentes façons. Pour plusieurs membres qui ne croient pas en Dieu ou qui sont agnostiques, le rituel devient l’expression d’un lien à la tradition juive à travers la vie communautaire. De fait, le rôle de la communauté religieuse dans la vie quotidienne de ses membres ainsi que leur rôle en son sein seront analysés. L’intérêt est avant tout de saisir la valeur que les membres attribuent à leur participation aux rituels. Une attention particulière sera également portée au sens que le religieux a eu dans leurs trajectoires personnelles jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Ce mémoire participe au tableau de la diversité au sein du judaïsme québécois, mais aussi plus largement au portrait global de la diversité religieuse au Québec.