Pelletization of seeds of Raphanus sativus L. cv. Redondo Gigante with graphite for germination under water stress conditions

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

PHYTOCHROME CONTROLLED SEED-GERMINATION IN LIGHT INSENSITIVE SEEDS OF RAPHANUS-SATIVUS L CV REDONDO GIGANTE

Seed germination of Raphanus sativus is inhibited by light only under low water potential of the medium. Curves of fluence response to white, red and far-red lights demonstrated that the inhibition of seed germination is dependent on light irradiance being far-red light the more effective than the formers and the germination being inhibited by intermitent light indicates phytochrome involvement through the high irradiance reactions in the control of seed germination in radish seeds under water stress conditions.

A biotecnologia na propagação e conservação do umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam.) e percepção sobre sua importância por agricultores da comunidade Malhada Vermelha, Campo Redondo (RN-Brasil)

The umbu tree (Spondias tuberosa Arruda) is a fruit native to the northeast of Brazil with great economic, social and ecological importance for the northeastern semi-arid region. Despite its role, the umbu tree has suffered negative pressure thanks to cluttered extractivism and to negative selection of its fruits, which as the deforestation and the dormancy of seeds contribute to the decrease of its production year after year, making necessary studies that contribute to the improvement of this specie and its conservation. Given the risks to the conservation of the specie and its usefulness to the population, the association between plant biotechnology, for being a tool that can be used to increase its production. and the perception of gathering communities, by valuing the point of view and the knowledge of the population, can facilitate its conservation. This work aimed to develop methods of propagation for umbu tree as well as contribute to its conservation by using biotechnology, with specific objectives to contribute to the conservation of this species; determine concentrations of BAP and ANA in the formation of buds; testing the efficiency of different substrates and concentrations of gibberellic acid on germination in vitro and ex vitro, as well as capture the perception of families in communities that engage in the gathering of umbu. To study the germination, the seeds were inoculated in different substrates (vermiculite, vermiculite + clay, clay, clay + manure and manure + vermiculite) and in different concentrations of gibberellic acid (0 mg, 250 g and 500 mg). For the formation of buds BAP to 0.1 mg-1 was associated with different concentrations of ANA (0.2; 0.4; 0.8mg.L-1). The study of perception was conducted by applying semi-structured questionnaire with Malhada Vermelha community. The experiments resulted in vermiculite and concentration of 500 mg gibberellic acid as the best for germination. The association of 0.1 mg.L-1 of BAP to 0.2 mg.L-1 of ANA provided better formation of buds. As to the application of questionnaires, they revealed that the population understands the decreased amount of umbu plants and umbu fruit in the region, as well as shows concern for its conservation.

Laura Thornhill, 15 year old from Redondo Beach California, at skateboarding competition at Nassau Coliseum, NY

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Melhoria da atenção à saúde bucal de escolares de 6 a 12 anos nas escolas situadas na área de abrangência da UBS Arthur Neubert no município de Morro Redondo - RS

Este trabalho, desenvolvido em 16 semanas (set./2013 a jan./2014) na forma de um projeto de intervenção, teve por objetivo melhorar a atenção à saúde bucal dos escolares de 6 a 12 anos, estudantes das escolas pertencentes à área de abrangência da UBS Arthur Neubert, no município de Morro Redondo - RS. Foram identificados 209 alunos dentro dessa faixa etária, dos quais 147 puderam ser avaliados. Destes, 120 residiam na área de abrangência da UBS. Onze parâmetros de avaliação foram estabelecidos, enumerados a seguir, com suas respectivas porcentagens de cobertura, ao final da intervenção: proporção de escolares examinados na escola (P1) – 70,3%; Proporção de escolares moradores da área de abrangência da unidade de saúde com primeira consulta odontológica (P2) – 53,3%; Proporção de escolares de alto risco com primeira consulta odontológica (P3) – 55,9%; Proporção de buscas realizadas aos escolares moradores da área de abrangência da unidade de saúde (P4) – 0%; Proporção de escolares com escovação dental supervisionada com creme dental (P5) – 11,5%; Proporção de escolares de alto risco com aplicação de gel fluoretado com escova dental (P6) – 54,2%; Proporção de escolares com tratamento dentário concluído (P7) – 45,3%; Proporção de escolares com registro atualizado (P8) – 100%; Proporção de escolares com orientações sobre higiene bucal (P9) – 70,3%; Proporção de escolares com orientações sobre cárie dentária (P10) – 70,3%; Proporção de escolares com orientações nutricionais (P11) 70,3%. Em P4 (0%), felizmente não houve necessidade em realizar a ação. Com exceção de P5, cujo desenvolvimento da ação foi dificultado pela inexistência nas escolas do espaço adequado a esta atividade, todas as demais ações atingiram as metas traçadas para este período, determinadas segundo a governabilidade da equipe. As atividades coletivas foram reorganizadas, onde P1 serviu como base para o desenvolvimento das demais ações. Houve um maior suporte do atendimento clínico-curativo na UBS aos alunos necessitados, através da ampliação e facilitação do acesso ao mesmo. Os resultados sugerem a viabilidade da incorporação destas ações na rotina de serviços da UBS em questão.

Melhoria da Atenção ao Pré-Natal e Puerpério na UBS Palha Branca, Morro Redondo/RS

MARITÍNEZ, Elsa MariaCorcho.Melhoria da Atenção ao Pré-natal e Puerpério na UBS Palha Branca, Morro Redondo/RS. 2015. 79f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família) - Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 2015. A atenção ao Pré-Natal e o Puerpério é item importante na ESF. O Índice de Mortalidade Infantil e o Índice de Mortalidade Materna são aspectos que definem o nível de desenvolvimento de qualquer país, considerando-se como país desenvolvido aquele que tem mais baixo estes indicadores. Portanto, nossa equipe traz a tarefa de melhorar os aspectos dos atendimentos a estes grupos de população em nossa UBS, porque não se alcançava as metas propostas pelo Ministério da Saúde. Além disso, no momento de fazer a escolha do foco de intervenção estávamos com uma alta incidência de adolescentes grávidas. O objetivo fundamental foi a melhoria da atenção ao pré-natal e puerpério da UBS Palha Branca, do município Morro Redondo/RS.Uma gravidez com atendimento adequado, com controles periódicos, como o estabelecido, no mínimo seis consultas durante toda a gravidez, garante um recém-nascido saudável e uma mãe com condições adequadas de saúde para o puerpério.A ESF é o ponto de partida para este tipo de atendimento, almejando assim a adesão da maior parte deste grupo ao atendimento completo, qualificado.Para realizar a intervenção adotou-se os Cadernos de Atenção Primaria de Saúde do Ministério da Saúde, incorporou-se o uso da ficha espelho para a atenção ao pré-natal e puerpério oferecida pelo curso de especialização da UFPEL. O trabalho foi realizado sobre os quatro eixos fundamentais: monitoramento e avaliação, a organização e gestão dos serviços, o engajamento público e a qualificação da pratica clínica, por doze semanas consecutivas. No inicio da intervenção a UBS contava com um total deum 50% de atendimento a pacientes grávidas, chegando a um 93,8% ao final da intervenção. Em relação às puérperas finalizamos com acompanhamento de 100%.

Observation of the suppression of the flux of cosmic rays above 4x10(19) eV

The energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 2.5 x 10(18) eV, derived from 20 000 events recorded at the Pierre Auger Observatory, is described. The spectral index gamma of the particle flux, J proportional to E(-gamma), at energies between 4 x 10(18) eV and 4 x 10(19) eV is 2.69 +/- 0.02(stat) +/- 0.06(syst), steepening to 4.2 +/- 0.4(stat) +/- 0: 06 (syst) at higher energies. The hypothesis of a single power law is rejected with a significance greater than 6 standard deviations. The data are consistent with the prediction by Greisen and by Zatsepin and Kuz'min.

Upper limit on the diffuse flux of ultrahigh energy tau neutrinos from the Pierre Auger Observatory

The surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory is sensitive to Earth-skimming tau neutrinos that interact in Earth's crust. Tau leptons from nu(tau) charged-current interactions can emerge and decay in the atmosphere to produce a nearly horizontal shower with a significant electromagnetic component. The data collected between 1 January 2004 and 31 August 2007 are used to place an upper limit on the diffuse flux of nu(tau) at EeV energies. Assuming an E(nu)(-2) differential energy spectrum the limit set at 90% C. L. is E(nu)(2)dN(nu tau)/dE(nu) < 1: 3 x 10(-7) GeV cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) in the energy range 2 x 10(17) eV< E(nu) < 2 x 10(19) eV.

Measurement of the depth of maximum of extensive air showers above 10(18) eV

We describe the measurement of the depth of maximum, X(max), of the longitudinal development of air showers induced by cosmic rays. Almost 4000 events above 10(18) eV observed by the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory in coincidence with at least one surface detector station are selected for the analysis. The average shower maximum was found to evolve with energy at a rate of (106 +/- 35-21) g/cm(2)/decade below 10(18.24) +/- (0.05) eV, and d24 +/- 3 g/cm(2)/ecade above this energy. The measured shower-to-shower fluctuations decrease from about 55 to 26 g/cm(2). The interpretation of these results in terms of the cosmic ray mass composition is briefly discussed.

Limit on the diffuse flux of ultrahigh energy tau neutrinos with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Data collected at the Pierre Auger Observatory are used to establish an upper limit on the diffuse flux of tau neutrinos in the cosmic radiation. Earth-skimming nu(tau) may interact in the Earth's crust and produce a tau lepton by means of charged-current interactions. The tau lepton may emerge from the Earth and decay in the atmosphere to produce a nearly horizontal shower with a typical signature, a persistent electromagnetic component even at very large atmospheric depths. The search procedure to select events induced by tau decays against the background of normal showers induced by cosmic rays is described. The method used to compute the exposure for a detector continuously growing with time is detailed. Systematic uncertainties in the exposure from the detector, the analysis, and the involved physics are discussed. No tau neutrino candidates have been found. For neutrinos in the energy range 2x10(17) eV < E(nu)< 2x10(19) eV, assuming a diffuse spectrum of the form E(nu)(-2), data collected between 1 January 2004 and 30 April 2008 yield a 90% confidence-level upper limit of E(nu)(2)dN(nu tau)/dE(nu)< 9x10(-8) GeV cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1).

New approaches to underground systems in Brazilian Smilax species (Smilacaceae)

MARTINS, A. R. (Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil), N. PUT, (Division of Biology and Education, University of Vechta, 49377 Vechta, Germany), A. N. SOARES, A.B BOMB, and B. APPEZZATO DA GLORIA (Biological Science Department, Escola Superior de Agricultura `Luiz de Queiroz`, University of Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil). J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 137: 220-235. 2010.-New approaches to underground systems in Brazilian Smilax species (Smilacaceae). Scientific studies show that the watery extract of the thickened underground stem and its adventitious roots of the genus Smilax can act as a therapeutic agent in immunoinflammatory disorders, such as rheumatic arthritis. Brazilians have used this genus of plants in folk medicine, however it is very hard to identify these species, since the morphology of the underground systems is very similar in this group. For better identification of those systems, we studied six species of Smilax L. (S. brasiliensis, S. campestris, S. cissoides, S. goyazana, S. oblongifolia and S. rufescens), collected in different regions of Brazil with different physiognomies and soil characteristics. The main purpose is to describe the morpho-anatomy of the underground systems and to analyze if their structure depends on environmental conditions. The underground stem (rhizophore) is of brown color and it is knotty, massive, slender (S. rufescens) or tuberous (S. brasiliensis, S. campestris, S. cissoides, S. goyazana and S. oblongifolia). The tuberization is a result of primary thickened meristem (PTM) activity. The color and thickness of the adventitious roots change during development because the epidermis and outer cortex are disposed of, so the inner cortex becomes the new covering tissue with lignified and dark color cells. There are differences in starch grain shapes in mature roots. The chemical attributes of the soil are very similar in all studied environments and, even when soil characteristics varied, all the species` underground system was distributed close to the soil surface (10 to 15 cm deep). The species exhibited clonal growth hence their underground system functions as storage structures and the axillary buds can sprout into new stems. Only Smilax rufescens, collected in sandy soil of Restinga, has vegetative dispersal due to the runners.

Rootstocks resistant to Meloidogyne incognita and compatibility of grafting in net melon

Due to the few studies about grafting in net melon, in order to obtain better control of soil pathogens, the aim of the present study was to evaluate 16 genotypes of Cucurbitaceae: Benincasa hispida, Luffa cylindrica, pumpkin 'Jacarezinho', pumpkin 'Menina Brasileira', squash 'Exposição', squash 'Coroa', pumpkin 'Canhão Seca', pumpkin 'Squash', pumpkin 'Enrrugado Verde', pumpkin 'Mini Paulista', pumpkin 'Goianinha', watermelon 'Charleston Gray', melon 'Rendondo Gaucho', melon 'Redondo Amarelo', cucumber 'Caipira HS' and cucumber 'Caipira Rubi', regarding to compatibility of grafting in net melon and resistance to Meloidogyne incognita, based on the reproduction factor (RF), according to Oostenbrink (1966). To assess resistance, the seedlings were transplanted to ceramic pots and inoculated with 300/mL eggs and/or second stage juveniles of M. incognita. At 50 days after transplanting, the plants were removed from the pots and the resistance was evaluated. The compatibility between resistant rootstock and grafts of net melon was determined by performing simple cleft grafting, in a commercial net melon hybrid of great market acceptance and susceptible to M. incognita (Bonus no. 2). The genotypes Luffa cylindrica, pumpkin 'Goianinha', pumpkin 'Mini-Paulista', melon 'Redondo Amarelo', watermelon 'Charleston Gray' are resistant to the nematode M. incognita. The better compatibilities occurred with the rootstocks melon 'Amarelo', which presented 100% of success, followed by pumpkin 'Mini-Paulista' with 94%. On the other hand, Sponge gourd, watermelon 'Charleston Gray' and pumpkin 'Goianinha' showed low graft take percentages of 66%, 62% and 50%, respectively.