Influência da filogenia em redes de interações ecológicas

In this thesis we deal with a class of composed networks that are formed by two tree networks, TP and TA, whose end points touches each other through a bipartite network BPA. We explore this network using a functional approach. We are interested in what extend the topology, or the structure, of TX (X = A or P) determines the links of BPA. This composed structure is an useful model in evolutionary biology, where TP and TA are the phylogenetic trees of plants and animals that interact in an ecological community. We use in this thesis two cases of mutualist interactions: frugivory and pollinator networks. We analyse how the phylogeny of TX determines or is correlated with BPA using a Monte Carlo approach. We use the phylogenetic distance among elements that interact with a given species to construct an index κ that quantifies the influence of TX over BPA. The algorithm is based in the assumption that interaction matrices that follows a phylogeny of TX have a total phylogenetic distance smaller than the average distance of an ensemble of Monte Carlo realizations generated by an adequate shuffling data. We find that the phylogeny of animals species has an effect on the ecological matrix that is more marked than plant phylogeny

Construção, caracterização global e local de redes biológicas

A Biologia Sistêmica visa a compreensão da vida através de modelos integrativos que enfatizem as interações entre os diferentes agentes biológicos. O objetivo é buscar por leis universais, não nas partes componentes dos sistemas mas sim nos padrões de interação dos elementos constituintes. As redes complexas biológicas são uma poderosa abstração matemática que permite a representação de grandes volumes de dados e a posterior formulação de hipóteses biológicas. Nesta tese apresentamos as redes biológicas integradas que incluem interações oriundas do metabolismo, interação física de proteínas e regulação. Discutimos sua construção e ferramentas para sua análise global e local. Apresentamos também resultados do uso de ferramentas de aprendizado de máquina que nos permitem compreender a relação entre propriedades topológicas e a essencialidade gênica e a previsão de genes mórbidos e alvos para drogas em humanos

Caracterização topológica dos motivos das redes biológicas integradas da Escherichia coli e da Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The reducionism method has helped in the clari cation of functioning of many biological process. However, such process are extremely complex and have emergent properties that can not be explained or even predicted by reducionism methods. To overcome these limits, researchers have been used a set of methods known as systems biology, a new area of biology aiming to understand the interactions between the multiple components of biological processes. These interactions can be represented by a mathematical object called graph or network, where the interacting elements are represented by a vertex and the interactions by edges that connect a pair of vertexes. Into graphs it is possible to nd subgraphs, occurring in complex networks at numbers that are signi cantly higher than those in randomized networks, they are de ned as motifs. As motifs in biological networks may represent the structural units of biological processess, their detection is important. Therefore, the aim of this present work was detect, count and classify motifs present in biological integrated networks of bacteria Escherichia coli and yeast Saccharomyces cere- visiae. For this purpose, we implemented codes in MathematicaR and Python environments for detecting, counting and classifying motifs in these networks. The composition and types of motifs detected in these integrated networks indicate that such networks are organized in three main bridged modules composed by motifs in which edges are all the same type. The connecting bridges are composed by motifs in which the types of edges are diferent

Estratégias de cuidados por familiares de portadores de transtornos mentais severos residentes na zona rural do alto sertão paraibano

In the current configuration of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, family plays a key role in mental health care: shared responsibility and active participation in the process of rehabilitation of people with severe mental disorders. It´s considered that the family member who cares can help users in their daily tasks and articulating trajectories, networks and ways to potentiate social connections. This research was motivaded by interest in the subject and by the lack of research and studies about this reality in rural areas. This study aimed to identify ways of mental health care by relatives of severe mental disorder patients living in rural zone located at sertão of Paraiba. Methodologically was made a work with qualitative research structured in two moments. In the first one, was held a Documentary Research in CAPS II in order to identify: a) users living in rural that had a history of at least one psychiatric hospitalization, b) users who no longer use the reference service (CAPS II) for at least one year. The second stage consisted by home visits and semi-structured interviews with eleven families in rural areas. Results pointed out a profile composed by 56 users: 56 women and 26 men aged between 50 and 64 years, unmarried, without study, farmers and housewives, living six miles from CAPS II and carriers with severe mental disorders. Strategies and resources used by the families for mental health care were: religion, work, medication and help from relatives, neighbors and community. Factors related to non-use of substitute services were lack of internment in CAPS II and lack of money and transportation. The hospital, the house arrest, the police aid and religion were strategies used by family members as support to psychiatric crises. The data pointed to non-solving of care offered by psychosocial support network and the importance of redirecting practices aligned to the asylum model in favor of psychosocial strategies that aimed at rehabilitation and community participation in mental health care

Construção, ensaio e modelização de um limitador de corrente supercondutor

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

Implementação do algoritmo de Newman para identificação de comunidades em placas gráficas

Communities are present on physical, chemical and biological systems and their identification is fundamental for the comprehension of the behavior of these systems. Recently, available data related to complex networks have grown exponentially, demanding more computational power. The Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) is a cost effective alternative suitable for this purpose. We investigate the convenience of this for network science by proposing a GPU based implementation of Newman community detection algorithm. We showed that the processing time of matrix multiplications of GPUs grow slower than CPUs in relation to the matrix size. It was proven, thus, that GPU processing power is a viable solution for community dentification simulation that demand high computational power. Our implementation was tested on an integrated biological network for the bacterium Escherichia coli

A realidade contemporânea das relações institucionais: desafios e oportunidades para as Relações Públicas

The contemporary organizations establish complex networks of relationships with their audiences. However, it is the socio-historical setting of the organizations that allow that their internal structures, management and culture as well as their interests and goals in relation to the macro social environment to be understood. To understand what is currently proposed as institutional relations, it is necessary to search on that socio-historical source the progress in the studies of management and organizational communication aiming to prove the assumptions underlying this strategic role within organizations. In order to do that, this project raises ethnographic aspects of the institutional relationships to see what is proposed by the organizations and, therefore, highlights the lack of detailed studies in this area. From this survey, it is clear the possible role of public relations in contributing to studies, plans and execution of institutional relations according to the basement in the humanities and communication processes of networks of relationships between organizations

Modelos matemáticos e computacionais para descrever a transmissão de dois sorotipos de vírus de dengue

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Determination of the critical coupling of explosive synchronization transitions in scale-free networks by mean-field approximations

An explosive synchronization can be observed in scale-free networks when Kuramoto oscillators have natural frequencies equal to their number of connections. The present paper reports on mean-field approximations to determine the critical coupling of such explosive synchronization. It has been verified that the equation obtained for the critical coupling has an inverse dependence on the network average degree. This expression differs from those whose frequency distributions are unimodal and even. In this case, the critical coupling depends on the ratio between the first and second statistical moments of the degree distribution. Numerical simulations were also conducted to verify our analytical results.

Supervised classification of basaltic aggregate particles based on texture properties

The strength and durability of materials produced from aggregates (e.g., concrete bricks, concrete, and ballast) are critically affected by the weathering of the particles, which is closely related to their mineral composition. It is possible to infer the degree of weathering from visual features derived from the surface of the aggregates. By using sound pattern recognition methods, this study shows that the characterization of the visual texture of particles, performed by using texture-related features of gray scale images, allows the effective differentiation between weathered and nonweathered aggregates. The selection of the most discriminative features is also performed by taking into account a feature ranking method. The evaluation of the methodology in the presence of noise suggests that it can be used in stone quarries for automatic detection of weathered materials.

Detecção de intrusão em redes de computadores utilizando Floresta de Caminhos Ótimos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Obtenção de neurônios de redes neurais de base radial via agrupamento de dados por floresta de caminhos ótimos

Neste artigo é apresentada uma abordagem para aumentar a eficácia das Redes Neurais Artificiais de Funções de Base Radial utilizando um algoritmo de agrupamento de dados via Floresta de Caminhos Ótimos. Algumas técnicas comumente empregadas para essa tarefa, como o conhecido k-médias, requerem um determinado número de classes/agrupamentos prévio à sua execução. Embora o número de classes seja conhecido em problemas supervisionados, o número real de agrupamentos é difícil de ser encontrado, dado que uma classe pode ser representada por mais de um agrupamento. Experimentos em nove bases de dados, em conjunto com análises estatísticas, demonstraram que o classificador por Floresta de Caminhos Ótimos possui um melhor desempenho que a técnica k-médias, bem como encontra as médias das distribuições Gaussianas em posições muito similares às encontradas por este último. Entretanto, o classificador por Floresta de Caminhos Ótimos possui um custo computacional maior, dado que a sua etapa de treinamento é mais custosa que a da técnica k-médias.

Estimativa de ocorrência de precipitação em áreas agrícolas utilizando floresta de caminhos ótimos

As condições meteorológicas são determinantes para a produção agrícola; a precipitação, em particular, pode ser citada como a mais influente por sua relação direta com o balanço hídrico. Neste sentido, modelos agrometeorológicos, os quais se baseiam nas respostas das culturas às condições meteorológicas, vêm sendo cada vez mais utilizados para a estimativa de rendimentos agrícolas. Devido às dificuldades de obtenção de dados para abastecer tais modelos, métodos de estimativa de precipitação utilizando imagens dos canais espectrais dos satélites meteorológicos têm sido empregados para esta finalidade. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo utilizar o classificador de padrões floresta de caminhos ótimos para correlacionar informações disponíveis no canal espectral infravermelho do satélite meteorológico GOES-12 com a refletividade obtida pelo radar do IPMET/UNESP localizado no município de Bauru, visando o desenvolvimento de um modelo para a detecção de ocorrência de precipitação. Nos experimentos foram comparados quatro algoritmos de classificação: redes neurais artificiais (ANN), k-vizinhos mais próximos (k-NN), máquinas de vetores de suporte (SVM) e floresta de caminhos ótimos (OPF). Este último obteve melhor resultado, tanto em eficiência quanto em precisão.

Detecção de anomalias por Floresta Caminhos Ótimos

Pós-graduação em Ciência da Computação - IBILCE

Processamento e análise de vídeos utilizando Floresta de Caminhos Ótimos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)