Perspectivas del derecho ambiental en Colombia

Este proyecto responde a un momento histórico de gran importancia, que por supuesto no pudo ser más oportuno. Colombia celebra en el año 2006 los quince años de la promulgación de su Constitución Política, y los cambios de trascendentales surgidos a partir de su aplicación has sido prolíficos, Particularmente, el tema ambiental ha sobresalido dentro de las grandes transformaciones del país, y por ello no en vano hoy se afirma que tenemos una verdades Constitución ecológica. De igual forma, la Facultad de Jurisprudencia de la Universidad del Rosario conmemora los die años de la creación de la especialización en Derecho Ambiental, y tal coincidencia histórica fue una motivación adicional para proponer la realización de un análisis de la evolución normativa surtida para proponer la realización de un análisis de la evolución normativa surtida en este decenio, una evaluación de la gestión ambiental colombiana y de sus distintos impactos en una sociedad que cuenta hoy en día con herramientas constitucionales legales para la defensa de sus derechos e interese colectivos. La Universidad del Rosario ha sido parte de esta evolución, desarrollando un rol activo con el cual se han abierto espacios de discusión y de proposición de alternativas, herramientas y experiencias en pro de la protección integral de la diversidad étnica, cultural y natural de la Nación colombiana. Así, se ha constituido como facilitadora del proceso de la formación de los nuevos actores y ha tenido gran posicionamiento en procesos de participación y de estructuración de proyectos institucionales ambientales.

Um método de modelagem de um sistema de indicadores de sustentabilidade para gestão dos recursos hídricos-MISGERH : o caso da bacia dos Sinos

Um dos debates dentro a temática ambiental concentra-se sobre o desenvolvimento de indicadores de sustentabilidade para monitorar, mensurar e avaliar a sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho objetivou desenvolver um método de modelagem de um sistema de indicadores para avaliar a sustentabilidade do sistema dos recursos hídricos, propiciando a participação dos atores sociais e visando ter maior conhecimento do problema e legitimidade do processo da gestão dos recursos hídricos numa bacia hidrográfica. Para tal, adotou-se o paradigma construtivista e foram abordados três temas: gestão ambiental, sistemas de apoio à decisão e indicadores de sustentabilidade. Esta metodologia foi aplicada, através de um estudo de caso, na bacia hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos. A proposta do sistema de indicadores congrega duas áreas de interesse: a primeira, na perspectiva dos objetivos privados - a sustentabilidade como fluxo de bens e serviços, que contempla 8 Clusters: abastecimento público, abastecimento industrial, irrigação, criação de animais, geração de energia elétrica, navegação, aquicultura, turismo e recreação; a segunda, na perspectiva dos interesses públicos - a sustentabilidade como estoque dos recursos hídricos, que contempla 4 Clusters: regime hidrológico, qualidade da água, estrutura "habitat", resíduos sólidos. Em suma, foram definidos um total de 238 indicadores básicos, alguns deles (88 indicadores) são partilhados entre os Clusters, mostrando a interação dos indicadores e dependência entre os Clusters setoriais do sistema de recursos hídricos. Em termos gerais, recomenda-se empregar esse método se o interesse for, além do resultado, sendo a proposta de um sistema de indicadores de sustentabilidade, também do processo de participação dos atores envolvidos para compreender a problemática dos recursos hídricos. Assim, a modelagem de um sistema de indicadores será feita sob as inter-relações da ciência, política e os valores e objetivos dos atores sociais.

Avaliação do desenvolvimento sustentável na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Seridó em face das políticas públicas e da gestão dos recursos hídricos

The reality of water resources management in semiarid regions, such as the Seridó region, has been shaped by a complex chain involving social-cultural, political, economic and environmental aspects, covering different spheres of activity - from local to federal. Because water is a scarce element, the most rational way pointed out by our recent history has been to move towards an increasing emphasis on the need for a truly rational, integrated, sustainable and participatory water resources management, supported by legislation and by a network of institutions that could materialize it. In this sense, despite all the advances in the formulation of public policies in water resources, which ones have indeed lead to significant changes that have occurred or are underway in semiarid regions such as Seridó? What factors may be preventing the realization of the desires rationality embedded in the framers of water policies intents? How to properly manage water resources if the current actors who promote their management and the political, human, cultural and institutional processes that intervene in this management, show strong traces of unsustainability? The research methodology adopted in this paper led to a breakdown of the traditional approach to water resource management, to integrate it into other areas of knowledge, especially to political science and public administration, catalyzed by the concept of "sustainable development". From a broad, interdisciplinary literature review, an exhaustive characterization of the river basin Seridó, a set of interviews with key people in the public administration acting in the region, a series of diagnoses and a set of propositions were made in order to correct the direction of current public policies for the region. From the point of view of public policies, it is in the deployment phase, not in its formulation, which lies a major problem of the lack of significant progress in water management. The lack of coordination between government programs are well characterized, as well as the lack of efficiency and effectiveness of their actions. The causes of this secular model are also discussed, including political factors and social relations of production, which led to a stalemate difficult, but of possible solution. It can be perceived there is a scenario of progressive deterioration of natural resources of the fragile ecosystem and a network of environmental and social consequences difficult to reverse, the result of a persistent and inertial sociopolitical culture, whose main factors reinforce itself. The work leads towards a characterization of the water resources management also from the perspective of environmental, institutional, political and human sustainability , the latter being identified, particularly as investment in the development of people as autonomous beings - not based in ideological directives of any kind - in the emancipation of the traditional figure of the poor man of the hinterland" to the "catalyst for change" responsible for their own decisions or omissions, based upon an education for free-thinking that brings each one as co-responsible epicenter of (self-) sustainable changes in their midst

Proposta de zoneamento ambiental visando a proteção dos recursos hídricos de uma bacia hidrográfica

One of the most important natural resources for sustaining human life, water, has been losing the basic requirements of quality and quantity sufficient enough to attend the population due to water contamination'problems, often caused by human beings themselves. Because of this, the sources of this resource are often located in remote places of the natural environment to ensure the quality of the water. However, when urban expansion began to occupy these areas, which were once regarded as distant, environmental pollution problems began to occur due to occupation of the land without planning. Based on this occurrence, this study aims to propose environmental zoning for the Maxaranguape river watershed in order to protect its water resources. This is important because this river can serve as a source of supply for the metropolitan area of Natal, the capital of Rio Grande do Norte. In accordance to this proposition, the model of natural soil loss vulnerability (CREPANI et al., 2001), the model of aquifer pollution vulnerability (FOSTER et al., 2006), and the legal incompatibility map (CREPANI et al., 2001) were used to delimit the zones. All this was done with Geographic Information System (GIS) and also created a geographic database update of the basin. The results of the first model mentioned indicated that 63.67% of the basin was classified as moderately stable / vulnerable, 35.66% as moderately vulnerable, and 0.67% as vulnerable. The areas with high vulnerability degree correspond with sand dunes and river channels areas. The second model indicated that 2.84% of the basin has low vulnerability, 70.27%) has median vulnerability, and 26.76% and 0.13% has high vulnerability and extreme vulnerability, respectively. The areas with the highest vulnerability values also refer to part of the sand dunes and river channels besides other areas such as Pureza urban area. The legal incompatibility map indicated that the basin has 85.02 km2 of Permanent Protection Area (PPA) and 14.62% of this area has some incongruity of use. Based on these results it was possible to draw three main zones: Protection and Sustainable Use Zone (PSUZ), Protection and Environmental Restoration Zone (PERZ) and Environmental Control Zone, which are divided into A, B and C. The PSUZ refer to the coastal areas of the basin, where the sand dunes are located. These sites should be areas of environmental protection and of sustainable urban expansion. The ZPRA refer to river channels, which are in high need of rehabilitation. The third zone corresponds to the rest of the basin which should have, in general, the mapping of possible sources of contamination for further control on the use and occupation of the river

Aprovechamiento de los recursos hídricos: progresos realizados en la aplicación del Plan de Acción de Mar del Plata y el Decenio Internacional del Agua Potable y del Saneamiento Ambiental en América Latina y el Caribe = Water resource development: progress in the implementation of the Mar del Plata Action Plan and the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade in Latin America and the Caribbean

Incluye Bibliografía

O Banco Mundial e a política nacional de recursos hídricos no governo FHC (1995-2002)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A educação ambiental em uma escola rural: contribuições para a preservação dos recursos hídricos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Zoneamento ambiental como subsídio à gestão dos recursos hídricos na bacia hidrográfica do rio Capivari (SP)

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Enquadramento dos corpos d'água em classes de uso como instrumento de gestão ambiental e de recursos hídricos: estudo aplicado na bacia do rio Corumbataí - SP

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Gestión ambiental y los grandes proyectos de aprovechamiento de recursos hídricos = Environmental management and large water resource development projects

Incluye Bibliografía

O espaço das águas: interpretação ambiental visando a conservação dos recursos hídricos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Descentralização da política ambiental no Brasil e a gestão dos recursos naturais no cerrado goiano

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Indicadores ambientais e planejamento integrado dos recursos hídricos na microbacia do córrego do coqueiro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O Banco Mundial e a política nacional de recursos hídricos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Vulnerabilidade ambiental dos recursos hídricos interceptados por rodovias na bacia do rio Uberaba

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)