Records of patriotism and love of country.

Based on Alexander Garden's Anecdotes of the revolutionary war in America ... 1st series. Charleston, 1822. of. Pref.

On the microstructure, growth pattern and original porosity of belemnite rostra: insights from calcitic Jurassic belemnites

Calcitic belemnite rostra are usually employed to perform paleoenvironmental studies based on geochemical data. However, several questions, such as their original porosity and microstructure, remain open, despite they are essential to make accurate interpretations based on geochemical analyses.This paper revisits and enlightens some of these questions. Petrographic data demonstrate that calcite crystals of the rostrum solidum of belemnites grow from spherulites that successively develop along the apical line, resulting in a “regular spherulithic prismatic” microstructure. Radially arranged calcite crystals emerge and diverge from the spherulites: towards the apex, crystals grow until a new spherulite is formed; towards the external walls of the rostrum, the crystals become progressively bigger and prismatic. Adjacent crystals slightly vary in their c-axis orientation, resulting in undulose extinction. Concentric growth layering develops at different scales and is superimposed and traversed by a radial pattern, which results in the micro-fibrous texture that is observed in the calcite crystals in the rostra.Petrographic data demonstrate that single calcite crystals in the rostra have a composite nature, which strongly suggests that the belemnite rostra were originally porous. Single crystals consistently comprise two distinct zones or sectors in optical continuity: 1) the inner zone is fluorescent, has relatively low optical relief under transmitted light (TL) microscopy, a dark-grey color under backscatter electron microscopy (BSEM), a commonly triangular shape, a “patchy” appearance and relatively high Mg and Na contents; 2) the outer sector is non-fluorescent, has relatively high optical relief under TL, a light-grey color under BSEM and low Mg and Na contents. The inner and fluorescent sectors are interpreted to have formed first as a product of biologically controlled mineralization during belemnite skeletal growth and the non-fluorescent outer sectors as overgrowths of the former, filling the intra- and inter-crystalline porosity. This question has important implications for making paleoenvironmental and/or paleoclimatic interpretations based on geochemical analyses of belemnite rostra.Finally, the petrographic features of composite calcite crystals in the rostra also suggest the non-classical crystallization of belemnite rostra, as previously suggested by other authors.

The upper Paleozoic miospore genus Spelaeotriletes Neves and Owens, 1966, and constituent Gondwanan species

The upper Paleozoic miospore genus Spelaeotriletes Neves and Owens, 1966 is reviewed as a morpho-taxonomic entity and vis-a-vis other similarly constructed (pseudosaccate) genera - Geminospora Balme, 1962, Grandispora Hoffmeister, Staplin, and Malloy, 1955, Rhabdosporites Richardson, 1960, and Retispora Staplin, 1960. Detailed studies of numerous, mainly topotype specimens of Spelaeotriletes ybertii (Marques-Toigo, 1970) Playford and Powis, 1979 from the Lower Permian of Uruguay result in its re-diagnosis, in conjunction with a survey of its exclusively Gondwanan occurrences, particularly in South American strata extending from the Upper Carboniferous (Westphalian) into the Lower Permian, and also in Australian strata of approximately equivalent age. The characteristics of other species of Spelaeotriletes reported from upper Paleozoic deposits of Gondwana are discussed, as are their temporal representations in various broad regions of the supercontinent (South America, North Africa, Australia). These species include two, perhaps three, that, like Spelaeotriletes triangulus/arenaceus, are known also from Euramerica - S. balteatus (Playford, 1963) Higgs, 1996, S. pretiosus (Playford, 1964) Utting, 1987, and possibly S. owensii Loboziak and Alpern, 1978. Other species, such as S. benghaziensis Loboziak and Clayton, 1988, S. giganteus Loboziak and Clayton, 1988, and S. vibrissus Playford and Satterthwait, 1988, have, on present knowledge, exclusively Gondwanan occurrences. S. queenslandensis Jones and Truswell. 1992, known only from Upper Carboniferous strata of northeastern Australia, is formally reassigned on sculptural grounds to Grandispora. Not unexpectedly in a paleogeographic perspective, North Africa and South America are more closely allied with each other than with Australia in terms of shared species of Spelaeotriletes. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

O isolamento no Hospital Colônia Pedro Fontes, Itanhenga/ES e a caracterização da população do Educandário Alzira Bley no período de 1937 a 1979

Caracteriza e analisa a população do Educandário, com as informações provenientes de uma fonte de dados documental e histórica contida nos dois livros de registros do Educandário e seus arquivos fotográficos. As informações sobre as 3.432 pessoas compõem um banco de dados que foi construído durante a realização desta pesquisa e as fotografias foram digitalizadas. O Educandário Alzira Bley, localiza-se na BR 101 - km 9, bairro de Itanhenga - Cariacica/ES. No estudo foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com funcionários e ex-internos do Educandário, que deram vida e movimento às análises dos gráficos e tabelas elaborados a partir do banco de dados. Para o embasamento teórico do estudo da população são empregados conceitos pertinentes à transição demográfica e à transição epidemiológica, às migrações forçadas, às redes migratórias e às características da população (sexo, idade, cor, origem e suas variações) que forneceram os elementos para a análise do estado da população em diferentes momentos históricos. A Geografia Histórica completa os referenciais teóricos desta investigação, pois muitas características geográficas requerem estudos históricos para uma explicação satisfatória de como chegaram ao que são hoje. As fotografias, os depoimentos e livros de registros do Educandário propiciaram a caracterização da população que passou e/ou viveu no Educandário Alzira Bley ao longo do período das internações compulsórias no Hospital Colônia Pedro Fontes (1937-1979). Com a realização desta investigação chegamos às seguintes conclusões: a) cada geração é vítima do conhecimento científico do seu tempo; b) a transição demográfica encontrava-se em sua primeira fase nos meados do século XX, e os índices elevados de mortalidade e de fecundidade eram observados na população estudada; c) a transição epidemiológica, também em curso no Espírito Santo era caracterizada por elevada incidência das doenças infectocontagiosas, dentre as quais a hanseníase era ainda uma doença sem cura. d) o isolamento dos hansenianos em hospitais colônias, bem como seus filhos em preventórios foram movimentos de migração forçada; e) a internação compulsória dos hansenianos em hospitais colônias desencadeava uma migração em rede de familiares e demais parentes e amigos que pudessem estar com a doença.

New pteridophyte records for the territory of Amapá, Brazil.

Eighteen Pteridophyte taxa in 15 genera are reported as new for the Territory of Amapá, Brazil. The collections area a result of a recent Projeto Flora Amazônica/Programa Flora expedition to that region, and update previous lists of taxa for Amapá.In 1975, Tryon and Conant publised a checklist of the ferns of the Brazilian Amazônia reporting 84 taxa for the Territory of Amapá. The paucity of records for Amapá reflects, at least in part, the amount of botanical exploration. The most complete list of taxa occurring in the Territory is an unpublished list of collection compiled by J. M. Pires. This compilation reports 118 taxas for the Territory of Amapá. The following list is intended to update both the Pires compilation an the Tryon and Conant checklist for the Territor. These records are the result of a Projeto Flora Amazônica/Programa Flora expedition to the region in the latter part of 1979. Species were included in this list is not reportes in the compilation of colections for Amapá, or listed as specifically occurrin in Amapá in the monographs and revisions consulted for listed as specifically occurring in Amapá in the monograohs and revisions consulted for identification (Evans, 1969; Kramer, 1957, 1978; de la Sota, 1960; Lellinger, 1972; Maxon & Morton, 1938; Scamman, 1960, Smith, 1971; Tryon, 1941, 1964).This list reports 18 taxa in 15 genera, increasing the number of taxa in Amapá from the 118 listed by Pires to 136. Most of the taxa reported here might have been predicted to occur in Amapá on the basis of their distribution records for surrounding regions.Each species is followed by a collection number. The collection number is that of D. F. Austin, C. E. Nauman, R. S. Secco, C. Rosario, and M. R. Santos except for four collections in which R. S. Secco was absent and B. V. Rabelo was present, and these are indicated after the collection number. Specimens are deposited in the herbaria of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil and the United States. The family system is essentially that used by Tyron and Conant.

New species and records of Psocoptera (Insecta) from Roraima State, Brazil.

Psocoptera. from Ilha de Marcica and Pacaraima, Roraima State, Brazil, representing 103 species are recorded. Sixty-two are new to science. and are described and figured, representing genera Echmepteryx(2), Tapinella(3), Musapsocus, (1), Seopsocus(3),Isth-mopsocis(3), Dolabellopsocus(6), Epipsocus(5), Neurostigma.(1), Nctiopscus(1), Cae-cilius (6) , Enderluinella (1), Xanthocarcilius(1) , Polypsocus(3) , Scytopsocus(1), ar-chipsocus(1), Lachesilla(4), Notolachesilla(1) , Perispsocus(4), Dactylopsocus (1) , Metylophorus(3), Blaste.(4), Lichenomiae(3), Myopsocus (3). Genus Notarchispsu. gen. is erected for Archipsocus macrurusNew and a new species. Genus MonocladellusEu-derlein in placed in synonymy of, PolypsocusHagen. South American species assigned to genus LophopterygllaEnderlein by New (1979) are. reassigned to Myopscus and represent a parallel development in the latter genus.

Taxonomy and morphology of Apsil Malloch (Diptera, Muscidae, Coenosiinae, Coenosiini) with new records, description of a new species and a key to identification

Taxonomy and morphology of Apsil Malloch (Diptera, Muscidae, Coenosiinae, Coenosiini) with new records, description of a new species and a key to identification. Apsil Malloch (Diptera, Muscidae, Coenosiinae, Coenosiini) includes 10 species, most of them described from Chile, but some also from Argentina. Five of them and one new species were found at the California Academy of Sciences collection (San Francisco, California) during the course of a project developed in that institution. Almost all material studied was collected in Chile, mainly by M. E. Irwin, during the year of 1966. Brief diagnosis of the known studied species (A. apicata Malloch, A. atripes Malloch, A. dilata Malloch, A. maculiventris Malloch (female described for the first time) and A. spatulata, Malloch), the description of A. mallochi, sp. nov. and a key for the identification of all known species are given. Color illustrations of some morphological characters make easier the recognition of the species. New geographic records were assigned.

Magnitude and Frequency of Iowa Floods, 1966

Flood records for regular and partial-record gaging stations are contained in the following pages. Each listing contains the station number .and name, descriptive paragraphs pertaining to the station, and a listing of the flood peaks available through the 1965 water year 2/. 2/ A water year is the period from October 1 to the following September 30 and has the same yearly designation as September. Peaks above a base as well as annual peaks are listed. These provide the data for a partial-duration flood-frequency curve. Most of the material is self-explanatory and needs no discussion. However, a few items may be made clearer by the brief explanation which follows.

Löyhästä vaaliorganisaatiosta kiinteäksi puoluejärjestöksi. Kansallisen Kokoomuksen järjestötoiminta ja vaalikampanjat vuosina 1944-1979

Tämän poliittisen historian tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää, mikä oli Kansallisen Kokoomuksen järjestötoiminnan ja siitä ponnistavan vaalityön kehitys sotien jälkeisinä vuosina 1944 - 1979. Aineiston perusteella kiteytyi keskeiseksi pitkäksi linjaksi alkutilanteen varsin heikon ja väljän vaaliorganisaation kehittyminen vähitellen tiukasti johdetuksi, politiikkaa kaikilla tasoilla tekeväksi puolueeksi. Kokoomuksen jäsenmäärä kohosi nopeasti vuosina 1946 - 1948 noin 14.000 jäsenen määrästä yli 50.000 jäseneen. Puolueen keskustoimistoon palkattiin nopeasti lisää resursseja, ja vaalityön ote oli yllättävänkin ammattimainen jo vuoden 1948 eduskuntavaaleissa. Jäsenmäärä saavutti huippunsa jo 1960-luvulla, kun koko puolueyhteisöön kuului yli 90.000 jäsentä. Jäsentilastoissa oli kuitenkin koko ajan puutteita, mikä johtui monista tekijöistä. Yksi tärkeimpiä oli kokoomuksen sääntömuutos vuoden 1951 alusta lukien, minkä mukaan sama henkilö saattoi olla jäsenenä sekä emopuolueessa että nais- tai nuorisojärjestössä, ts. kyseessä oli ns. kaksoisjäsenyys. Tilastoinnin ongelmia oli myös käytännössä lähtien perusyhdistyksistä: jäsenmaksuvelvoitteen laiminlyöneitä ei niin vain erotettu jäsenyydestä, tilannetta saatettiin katsoa ”läpi käsien” useita vuosiakin. Näin koko jäsentilasto vuoti monella tavalla, eikä tilanne paljon parantunut, vaikka puoluetoimisto 1970-luvun alusta lähtien pyrkikin tarttumaan ongelmiin mm. kaksoisjäsenyyden poistamisella. Puolueella oli jäsentilasto-ongelmien lisäksi kaksi muuta järjestötoiminnan kehittämistä vaikeuttavaa tekijää. Näistä ensimmäinen oli ainainen rahapula, joka johtui ennen kaikkea kokoomuslaisen perusjäsenistön perin nihkeästä suhtautumisesta jäsenmaksujen maksamiseen. Vasta 1960-luvun puoluetuen myötä taloudellinen tilanne parani jossain määrin, mutta kun samaan aikaan puolueen keskustoimiston henkilökunnan määrää lisättiin voimakkaasti, ei velkakierteestä päästy kokonaan eroon. Taloudelliset ongelmat näkyivät kaikilla tasoilla. Puolueen kehittämistä vaikeuttivat myös kokoomuslaisen asennoituminen ns. politiikan tekoon sekä toisaalta järjestötoimintaan osallistumiseen. Vaikka oltiinkin puolueen jäseniä, vielä 1960-luvulla katsottiin, että tämä ei ole ”politiikkaa”, vaan osallistumista järjestötoimintaan, joka myös oli heikkoa. ”Epäpoliittinen” suhtautuminen näkyi ennen kaikkea puolueen tunnusten käytössä vaaleissa. Vasta 1970-luvulla keskustoimisto sai läpi sen, että ehdokkaiden oli pakko allekirjoittaa ehdokassitoumus, joka ei sallinut enää sooloilua. Erityisen tiukasti ehdokassitoumusta vahdittiin vuoden 1978 presidentin valitsijamiesvaaleissa, jolloin myös kokoomus oli UKK-rintamassa. Kokoomus puoluejärjestönä ei sen sijaan koko tutkimuskaudella kehittynyt laajaksi joukkopuolueeksi, vaikka puolueen johto sitä tavoittelikin sitä pitkään. Tutkimuksessa käytetyn Myllyn teoreettisen viitekehyksen mukaan kokoomuksessa olikin 1970-luvulle saakka kulttuurisina malleina kitsaus jäsenmaksujen maksamiseen, heikko osallistuminen järjestötoimintaan sekä ”epäpoliittinen” asennoituminen. Näiden lisäksi tärkeä malli oli kommunismin vastustaminen, joka muuttui edellä mainitulla vuosikymmenellä sosialismin vastustamiseksi. Kokoomuksen järjestötoimintaan tuli 1970-luvulla mukaan ”uloin kehä”, mikä tarkoitti mm. sivistys-ja raittiusjärjestöjen perustamista ja niiden liittämistä puolueyhteisöön, sekä viimein menemistä mukaan ay-toimintaan ja erityisesti kuntapolitiikkaan kaikilla tasoilla. Puolueen kampanjointi vaaleissa kehittyi puoluejärjestön kasvun myötä vaaleista toiseen. Aineiston perusteella voidaan sanoa, että jo vuoden 1951 eduskuntavaaleista lähtien yleistyi ehdokkaiden oma kampanjointi sanomalehdistössä. Luonnollisesti samalla kampanjoinnin kustannukset kasvoivat. 1970-luvulla otettiin käyttöön ehdokkaiden henkilökohtaiset tukiryhmät, jotka olivat huomattavasti laajempia kuin vanha tukimiesorganisaatio. Puolueen äänimäärä kasvoi 1940-ja 50-lukujen vaalien noin 300.000 äänestäjästä 1970-luvun yli 500.000 äänestäjään. Vain vuoden 1966 vaaleissa tuli roima tappio varsinkin sosialidemokraattien rynnistäessä voimakkaasti yleisen vasemmistoaallon myötä. Jo vuoden 1970 ns. ”nuorisovaalit” olivatkin sitten taas kokoomukselle menestys. Tämä ei kuitenkaan johtanut pääsyyn maan hallituksiin, mikä johtui monista tekijöistä: Neuvostoliitosta, presidentti Kekkosesta ja muista puolueista. Tutkimuksessa tarkastelun kohteena olleet kokoomuksen äänenkannattajat, Aamulehti, Uusi Suomi, Karjalainen ja Nykypäivä, olivat selvästi kokoomuksen vaalikampanjointia tukemassa, yhtä hyvin pääkirjoituksissa, pakinoissa, artikkeleissa kuin itse vaalimainonnan osalta. Uuden Suomen tekstiaineisto kuitenkin muuttui lehden uuden riippumattoman aseman myötä vuodesta 1976 lähtien. Myllyn teorian ohella tutkimuksessa käytettiin viitekehyksenä johtopäätösosassa Panebiancon organisaatioiden institutionalisoitumisteoriaa. Aineiston mukaan voitiin todeta, että Kansallisen Kokoomuksen kehitys noudatti monilta osin viimeksi mainittua käsitteistöä.

Niagara Region Municipality Records 1962-1963, 1969-1976, 1980

Niagara Region Municipality Records 1962-1963, 1969-1976, 1980

Gilbert Field House research collection, 1823, 1966, 1968, n.d.

In 1968 the National Historic Sites, Dept. of Indian Affairs and Northern Development undertook to learn more about its recent acquisition, the Gilbert Field House. The house is located in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ont. along the Niagara Parkway, on what was part of the original land grant to Gilbert Field, a United Empire Loyalist. The house and contents were severely damaged during the War of 1812. After the war Gilbert’s widow, Eleanor, submitted claims for war losses.

Welland Canals Society fonds, 1979-1991

The Welland Canals Society was a coalition of business, tourism, heritage, and recreational groups that joined with the Regional Government in 1986 to promote the redevelopment of the Welland Canals Corridor. The mandate of the Society was to provide leadership and assistance to the public and private sectors in achieving heritage-sensitive and tourism/recreation-related economic development in the Welland Canals Corridor. The Society folded in 1991 due to government funding cuts.

Rick Bell Family fonds, 1874-1875, 1879, 1884, 1886, 1888-1889, 1896, 1898, 1909-1910, 1939, 1945, n.d.

Lewis Tyrell married Jane Gains on August 31, 1849 in Culpeper Court House, Virginia. Jane Gains was a spinster. Lewis Tyrell died September 25, 1908 at his late residence, Vine St. and Welland Ave., St. Catharines, Ont. at the age of 81 years, 5 months. Jane Tyrell died March 1, 1886, age 64 years. Their son? William C. Tyrell died January 15, 1898, by accident in Albany, NY, age 33 years, 3 months. John William Taylor married Susan Jones were married in St. Catharines, Ont. on August 10, 1851 by William Wilkinson, a Baptist minister. On August 9, 1894 Charles Henry Bell (1871-1916), son of Stephen (1835?-1876) and Susan Bell, married Mary E. Tyrell (b. 1869?) daughter of Lewis and Alice Tyrell, in St. Catharines Ontario. By 1895 the Bell’s were living in Erie, Pennsylvania where children Delbert Otto (b. 1895) and Edna Beatrice (b. 1897) were born. By 1897 the family was back in St. Catharines where children Lewis Tyrell (b. 1899), Gertrude Cora (b. 1901), Bessie Jane (b. 1902), Charles Henry (b. 1906), Richard Nelson (b. 1911) and William Willoughby (b. 1912) were born. Charles Henry Bell operated a coal and ice business on Geneva Street. In the 1901 Census for St. Catharines, the Bell family includes the lodger Charles Henry Hall. Charles Henry Hall was born ca. 1824 in Maryland, he died in St. Catharines on November 11, 1916 at the age of 92. On October 24, 1889 Charles Hall married Susan Bell (1829-1898). The 1911 Census of Canada records Charles Henry Hall residing in the same household as Charles Henry and Mary Bell. The relationship to the householder is step-father. It is likely that after Stephen Bell’s death in 1876, his widow, Susan Bell married Hall. In 1939, Richard Nelson Bell, son of Charles Henry and Mary Tyrell Bell, married Iris Sloman. Iris (b. 22 May 1912 in Biddulph Township, Middlesex, Ontario) was the daughter of Albert (son of Joseph b. 1870 and Elizabeth Sloman, b. 1872) and Josie (Josephine Ellen) Butler Sloman of London, Ont. Josie (b. 1891) was the daughter of Everett Richard and Elizabeth McCarthy (or McCarty) Butler, of Lucan Village, Middlesex North. According to the 1911 Census of Canada, Albert, a Methodist, was a porter on the railroad. His wife, Josephine, was a Roman Catholic. Residing with Albert and Josie were Sanford and Sadie Butler and Sidney Sloman, likely siblings of Albert and Josephine. The Butler family is descended from Peter Butler, a former slave, who had settled in the Wilberforce Colony in the 1830s. Rick Bell b. 1949 in Niagara Falls, Ont. is the son of Richard Nelson Bell. In 1979, after working seven years as an orderly at the St. Catharines General Hospital while also attending night school at Niagara College, Rick Bell was hired by the Thorold Fire Dept. He became the first Black professional firefighter in Niagara. He is a founding member of the St. Catharines Junior Symphony; attended the Banff School of Fine Arts in 1966 and also performed with the Lincoln & Welland Regimental Band and several other popular local groups. Upon the discovery of this rich archive in his mothers’ attic he became passionate about sharing his Black ancestry and the contributions of fugitive slaves to the heritage Niagara with local school children. He currently resides in London, Ont.