Relaciones interdisciplinares entre la historia y la física-química.

Se expone la necesidad de un replanteamiento de la educación científica en el bachillerato basado en la interrelación de la Historia y la Ciencia dentro del BUP, mediante el uso de anécdotas y de aspectos históricos en las clases Ciencias, o bien, mediante el estudio interdisciplinar y en profundidad de determinados casos históricos relacionados con la Ciencia. Se ofrece un listado de temas para estudiar a lo largo del curso y algunos ejemplos desarrollados.

Estudio interdisciplinar : modelo de unidad didáctica aplicada a la enseñanza a distancia.

Se describe un modelo de unidad didáctica de carácter interdisciplinar, de Física y Química y Ciencias Naturales, y de experimentación cuyo tema es 'Lluvia de experimentos', que permite realizar actividades secuenciales con materiales y recursos sencillos. Es el resultado del trabajo en equipo de un grupo de profesores del INBAD que ha elegido el modelo constructivista de aprendizaje y el método científico en el aprendizaje a distancia.

Agricultura ecológica: trabajo cooperativo interdisciplinar.

Experiencia de creación de un invernadero para el desarrollo de actividades de cultivo ecológico. La idea del proyecto surge a partir de las características especiales de los alumnos de educación compensatoria y la realidad del día a día en el aula. Se trabaja con varios niveles educativos y con la participación de departamentos de las diferentes familias profesionales. La familia de Electricidad-Electrónica y Mantenimiento y Servicios a la Producción son los encargados de diseñar y dirigir el montaje del invernadero y el resto de las instalaciones asociadas a la actividad. El departamento de Física y Química toma la experiencia como una fuente de datos reales con los que trabajar en el ámbito científico-matemático y la familia profesional de Administración y Finanzas aprovecha la experiencia para simular la creación de una cooperativa agraria. El desarrollo de la experiencia ha supuesto multitud de beneficios, como taller para los alumnos de compensatoria, como fuente de datos reales para los alumnos de enseñanza secundaria obligatoria y Bachillerato, y como elemento de interrelación entre departamentos y alumnos de distintos niveles educativos.

Estudio del equilibrio químico homogéneo para un curriculum de química : un problema didáctico.

Se pretende hacer un estudio sistemático y progresivo sobre el aprendizaje y enseñanza del equilibrio químico en sistemas homogéneos y no-iónicos, a nivel de los cursos preuniversitarios o-y cursos introductorios del tercer nivel educativo (universitarios, politécnicos, etc.) a modo de ejemplo de un planteamiento didáctico adecuado para estos cursos.. La atención se enfocó unicamente en cómo era aprendido el tema por el alumno. A través del análisis cuidadoso de diferentes exámenes escritos de grupos de alumnos se extraerían conclusiones respecto a los errores de mayor importancia y a los errores que se repetían con mayor frecuencia. Se manejaron únicamente datos recogidos en el primer curso de Ciencias Químicas.. Para realizar esta investigación didáctica, se ha seguido el método del modelo cíclico del desarrollo del curriculum publicado en el 'Schools Council Working Papel n:10'. Se ha elegido entre sus alternativas posibles la de iniciar el ciclo por la etapa de la evaluación. De esta forma, se ha trabajado con diversas muestras de alumnos lográndose resultados consistentes que legitiman la metodología empleada. Se preparó un texto-cuadernillo de acuerdo con un programa inicial de contenidos que se distribuyó entre los alumnos. De esta forma, se dispuso de una base objetiva para hacer un estudio del aprendizaje del tema.. Con los resultados obtenidos tras la evaluación de diferentes grupos de alumnos, que utilizaron en el Estudio Principal diferentes estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje, se puede afirmar que existen claras posibilidades de mejorar notable y significativamente el aprendizaje del tema y se confirma lo que viene manteniéndose por diversos autores: el estudio y aprendizaje del tema del Equilibrio Químico homogéneo resulta ser un punto inicial cuando se programa el currículum de Química General. Queda demostrado que se debe incluir el estudio del tema considerando 'El equilibrio químico homogéneo' entre los propios del currículum de Química General por su gran valor interdisciplinar, ya que permite relacionar campos de estudio como: reacciones químicas, energética y cinética, estegniometría, lenguaje y terminología química, cálculos matemáticos y álgebras estratégicas y habilidades para resolver problemas..

Análise dos conteúdos termodinâmicos em livros de Química e Física do ensino médio

PNLEM came out in 2004 and modified the view about schoolbook in Brazil. New perspectives pointed towards constitution of a more critical citizen as of an interdisciplinary and more contextualized teaching, made schoolbook understand these changes.But not always these alterations are checked up on by all means,because what we notice are adaptation of works have already known on market, where texts that are placed reveal environmental, socioeconomic, historical facts or daily phenomenon, or then scientific relevancy examples.We thus offer to analyse contents of chemical thermodynamics and physics for high school which are shown on schoolbook of chemistry and physics validated by PNLEM 2012, now called PNLD, studying the facts if these works bring these scientific sociocultural standpoint as well as their historical context,considering as analysis categories the following criteria: presentation of introduction, content contextualizing,presentation of concepts, thermodynamics historical context, representation in microscopic level and proposal of experiments.Eleven books were analysed,being five of chemistry and six of physics.So was applied a questionnaire with physics and chemistry teachers of high school to have an impression of their opinion about their teaching strategies and about schoolbook.This work grounded in orientations of legal documents about high school in Brazil (LDB,PCN,PCN+,OCEM) and in research on science teaching that regards specifically schoolbook and physics and chemical thermodynamics teaching.Were eleven books in number, only four denoted much coherence with new perspectives for high school, being two of chemistry and two of physics,whose concern about contextualizing and with a much integrated view of science to student s reality,indicating much social and critical character.The rest, when don t overlook,regard cultural and historical,socioeconomic contexts in isolated manner from presented concepts,aside from content

A contextualização e a interdisplinaridade no ensino de Química: uma analise de livros didáticos ACIDO-BASE e das propostas pedagógicas realizadas pelos docentes diante da temática

Nowadays, chemistry contents taught in high school continue to be presented in a fragmented and decontextualized manner by the teachers and the textbooks. Even though it is known that contextualization and interdisciplinary exchange play an important role in the process of Chemistry teaching/learning. Therefore, the present study aims at enlightening the importance of these methodological foundations in the learning of chemistry. The data acquisition about the subject Contextualization and Interdisciplinary Exchange involved in Chemistry Teaching was developed through bibliographical researches on chemistry textbooks, which focused on the analysis of the topics acid and base , since it is a theme studied throughout all three years of high school. The present study also developed questionnaires which were applied to analyze to what extent chemistry teachers are working in a contextualized and interdisciplinary manner throughout the process of Chemistry teaching/learning. The results obtained in the researches show that a contextualized and interdisciplinary teaching contributes to a more meaningful acquisition of chemistry knowledge, in a dynamic and interactive way, but there are still many roadblocks towards the achievement of this kind of Chemistry teaching/learning process

A contribuição de uma proposta interdisciplinar no ensino de ciências para o processo formativo de professor

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Corpo: forma, movimento e equilíbrio : um olhar interdisciplinar sobre o corpo, a mente e o comportamento humano

For centuries have studied the man in a segmented manner, which today, even with the emergence of new forms of research, holistic, we see that the influence of centuries of construction of scientific knowledge has taken root in such a way that even now with new understandings about matter and its structure pointing to systemic relations, studies are still largely dichotomized by dividing body, mind and environment. This paper is a literature review on several sources of knowledge, seeking an interdisciplinary way in physics, chemistry, biology, psychology and physical education, relate the body, mind and their interactions with the environment, building a more current concept of body. The studies showed that the physical, cognitive, emotional, social and environmental aspects involve an interaction continues between human been with the world, which changes shapes, balances and transactions, and thus human behavior. So when we speak of the body should relate all this that makes us conscious organisms in constant internal and external dynamic with the universe

Determinação de sacarose no xarope artificial de groselha por medidas de viscosidade: uma abordagem interdisciplinar

The development of the National Curriculum Parameters for High School (PCN) is established from a logic in which the disciplines are integrated and coordinated in order to promote interdisciplinarity. However, there are few didactic-pedagogic activities that enable teachers in practice to reach this goal. In this paper, we propose an experimental activity to be used with High School students, addressing the concept of viscosity from an interdisciplinary perspective between the disciplines of Physics and Chemistry. For that purpose, flow times of sucrose solutions of different concentrations will be measured in a glass Ford and these data will be used to construct a calibration curve, which will be used to determine the concentration of sucrose in artificial flavor syrup of gooseberry.

Guerra e o desenvolvimento científico: uma superaula interdisciplinar e investigativa construída em torno de um experimento central

This research presents the description of the assembly, development and execution of an experiment and of an interdisciplinary and student research activity built by some undergraduates from Biological Sciences, Physics, Mathematics and Chemistry PIBID subprojects of the Faculty of Science, FC - UNESP, Bauru/SP Campus. These subprojects are part of a single interdisciplinary group, which has as its main activity the Superclass, which consists of an intervention of the PIBID members during the class schedule, with an interdisciplinary and student research didactic sequence, applied by four groups of ten members, in two local State Schools. The experiment treated in this assignment was a miniature cannon (minicannon), and it was used in a Superclass that had the War and Science Development as its theme, wherein the knowledge of all areas were built from the analysis of the multiple variables involved on the cannon shots. These variables were surveyed with the students through the experiment research, during the Superclass, being focused on three of them: the shot and the explosives; the trajectory; and the target. The experiment was extremely successful, because it could instigate the students, who were interested, questioning and debaters for several times during the class. The minicannon made possible the interdisciplinary and the student research work among the four areas of science involved. Despite it has been a laborious experiment in its construction, it has proven to be innovative, and its use has transformed the students‟ ingenuous curiosity into epistemological curiosity, a key factor in the construction of scientific knowledge, wherein the dialogue established in the Superclass explored this new curiosity

Alterações na composição química e sensorial de café (Coffea arabica L.) nos processos pós-colheita

An interdisciplinary study was conducted to evaluate the effects of drying and storage time on changes in the quality of natural and fully washed coffees beans dried out in the yard and mechanically dried at a temperature of 60/40°C in air dryer machine. The coffee beans (Coffea arabica L.) harvested in cherries were processed by dry and wet methods, being subjected to pre-drying yard, followed by drying yard in the sun with air heated of 60/40°C until it reached the water content of 11% (wb). After reached the thermal equilibrium with the environment, the beans were packed in jute bag with a capacity of five kilograms and stored in uncontrolled environment during the period of one year, and removing material from each treatment every three months. To characterize the effect of drying and storage time on the coffee quality different methodologies was evaluated. It was observed less drying time for the fully washed coffee 60/40°C, and thus less energy consumed in the drying process until the point of storage, for the natural coffee there was significant effect of time on the chemical quality, biochemical and sensory; fully washed coffee proved to be more tolerant to drying than natural coffee, regardless of drying method, showing a better drink quality and less variation in chemical composition and biochemistry.

Polímeros biomiméticos em química analítica. Parte 1: preparo e aplicações de MIP (Molecularly Imprinted Polymers) em técnicas de extração e separação

MIPs are synthetic polymers that are used as biomimetic materials simulating the mechanism verified in natural entities such as antibodies and enzymes. Although MIPs have been successfully used as an outstanding tool for enhancing the selectivity or different analytical approaches, such as separation science and electrochemical and optical sensors, several parameters must be optimized during their synthesis. Therefore, the state-of-the-art of MIP production as well as the different polymerization methods are discussed. The potential selectivity of MIPs in the extraction and separation techniques focusing mainly on environmental, clinical and pharmaceutical samples as applications for analytical purposes is presented.

Polímeros biomiméticos em química analítica. Parte 2: aplicações de MIP (Molecularly Imprinted Polymers) no desenvolvimento de sensores químicos

The aim of this paper is the description of the strategies and advances in the use of MIP in the development of chemical sensors. MIP has been considered an emerging technology, which allows the synthesis of materials that can mimic some highly specific natural receptors such as antibodies and enzymes. In recent years a great number of publications have demonstrated a growth in their use as sensing phases in the construction of sensors . Thus, the MIP technology became very attractive as a promising analytical tool for the development of sensors.

Contribuição à organização da pesquisa em Química e os desafios da interação com outras áreas do conhecimento

This article provides some aspects that allow making a current reading of the situation of the Brazilian Chemistry that permit us considerate it as a strategic area. They are still presented some initial proposals related to the organization of the research as well as to win the challenges of the relationship with the other areas of the knowledge.

A importância da Química Analítica Qualitativa nos cursos de Química das instituições de ensino superior brasileiras

The results of a survey of institutions offering undergraduate studies, with the objective of evaluating the importance of Qualitative Analytical Chemistry for Chemistry courses in Brazil, are presented and discussed. Judging by the data, the content of the course of Qualitative Analytical Chemistry is considered by the Brazilian institutions offering undergraduate studies to be a body of knowledge essential for the formation of the chemist. This aspect is deemed valid for both baccalaureate and teaching license studies.