稀土萃取数据库和稀土萃取剂的构效关系研究

随着计算方法和计算机技术的不断发展。计算机在各个领域的应用越来越广泛．计算机在化学上的应用就是在这种形式下产生的一种新兴学科．本论文工作着重于稀土萃取数据库和稀土萃取剂的构效关系研究．在研究中，取得了一些有意义的结果．主要工作如下：I．稀土萃取数据库将原来位于Micro VAXII上的数据库移植到微机上，并利用ACCESS数据库重建稀土萃取数据库．完成数据库的主页建设，同时应用ASP技术构造数据库的网上检索程序，使其能够很方便地对外服务．II.稀土萃取剂的构效关系研究建立了有机化合物pKa值的数据库，并由此，进行了脂肪酸类、苯甲酸类、苯胺类、苯酚类和毗咤类化合物的结构与其pKa值之间的相关性研究．针对不同类的化合物，我们提取了能表征其特点的参数来表征它们的结构．如在进行脂肪酸类和苯甲酸类化合物的构效关系研究时，着重计算了化合物的量子化学参数；对于苯胺类和苯酚类化合物则应用了分子在三维空间的投影和扩展的引力指数等参数；而对吡啶类化合物则应用了连接树的方法．同时最佳变量子集算法和正交化方法用来进行变量的选择．利用多元回归分析和人工神经网法进行二维QSPR研究，用CoMFA方法进行三维空间的研究，并取得较好的结果．另外，对核磁共振成像造影剂的结构与其稳定性的相关性也进行了探讨．通过只考虑配体的结构而简化了特征的提取，进而应用量子化学参数和拓扑指数获得了比较满意的结果．本论文还应用QSPR方法研究了手性化合物的色谱分离，并有较好的进展．

三维定量结构-性质/活性相关性研究

该研究中,建议了一些新的方法,并且应用到QSAR/QSPR研究中,较好的预测了化合物的活性.研究工作主要集中在如下几个方面:[1]用相似度矩阵构造数学模型,预测化合物的活性.相似度矩阵是通过提取分子三维结构特征—广义二面角,原子三角和原子对空间距离来得到.[2]在三维空间对分子进行投影,计算出每一个平面上的投影面积来描述分子的形状.并进一步对分子投影进行了研究.用每一个平面的投影边缘代替面积预测化合物的活性.得到了更好的结果.[3]传统的拓朴指数很难区分属于3-D范畴的手性异构体.研究中扩展了由该实验室提出的Am指数,并利用该指数预测了手性药物的活性.[4]比较不同物种的β-球蛋白基因的第一个外显子.该方法不是直接进行DNA序列的比较,而是将DNA编码序列转化为图,然后模拟表征分子图的方法对之进一步处理.[5]利用VC++编写了一个包含三十多个分子拓扑指数的软件.

Correlation analysis of the structures and pK(a) values of carboxylic acids

The quantum-chemical descriptors were used for QSPR study of the structures of carboxylic acids and their pK(a) values. The algorithm of "Leaps and Bounds" regression was performed for selection of the variables. The CoMFA method was carried out for 3D-QSPR. As the introduction of the charge of oxygen atom(Q(2)), the results obtained by CoMFA were improved greatly.

苯甲酸类化合物的结构与萃取性能的相关性

本文研究了苯甲酸类化合物的结构与萃取性能的相关性,并利用正交变换方法对变量进行压缩计算,其中苯甲酸类化合物的萃取性能用pKa值来标识,

Prediction of molar absorptivities of color reagents and their color reactions with yttrium by artificial neural networks

The new topological indices A(x1)-A(x3) suggested in our laboratories were applied to the study of structure-property relationships between color reagents and their color reactions with yttrium. The topological indices of twenty asymmetrical phosphone bisazo derivatives of chromotropic acid were calculated. The work shows that QSPR can be used as a novel aid to predict the molar absorptivities of color reactions and in the long term to be helpful tool in-color reagent design. Multiple regression analysis and neural network were employed simultaneously in this study. The results demonstrated the feasibility and the effectiveness of the method.

Comparison of different methods for variable selection

In chemistry for chemical analysis of a multi-component sample or quantitative structure-activity/property relationship (QSAR/QSPR) studies, variable selection is a key step. In this study, comparisons between different methods were performed. These methods include three classical methods such as forward selection, backward elimination and stepwise regression; orthogonal descriptors; leaps-and-bounds regression and genetic algorithm. Thirty-five nitrobenzenes were taken as the data set. From these structures quantum chemical parameters, topological indices and indicator variable were extracted as the descriptors for the comparisons of variable selections. The interesting results have been obtained. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Selection for variables in quantitative structure-activity/property relationship studies - Comparison between methods of orthogonal descriptors and leaps-and-bounds regression analysis

In this paper, the comparison of orthogonal descriptors and Leaps-and-Bounds regression analysis is performed. The results obtained by using orthogonal descriptors are better than that obtained by using Leaps-and-Bounds regression for the data set of nitrobenzenes used in this study. Leaps-and-Bounds regression can be used effectively for selection of variables in quantitative structure-activity/property relationship(QSAR/QSPR) studies. Consequently, orthogonalisation of descriptors is also a good method for variable selection for studies on QSAR/QSPR.

定量结构-活性/性质相关性研究中变量选择方法的研究——遗传算法和几种传统算法的比较

鉴于变量选择在 QSAR/QSPR研究中的重要性 ,比较了遗传算法和几种传统的方法 ,如前进法、后退法及逐步回归法 .结果表明 ,对于研究中所用数据 ,遗传算法较几种传统的方法为好 ,其原因可能由于传统的方法陷入了局部最优 .遗传算法在变量较多的情况下方可显示出效率高和得到较好结果的优越性 .对于变量的选择 ,遗传算法是一值得推荐的有效的方法

Quantitative structure-property relationships for colour reagents and their colour reactions with cerium using computational neural networks

Quantitative structure-activity/property relationships (QSAR/QSPR) studies have been exploited extensively in the designs of drugs and pesticides, but few such studies have been applied to the design of colour reagents. In this work, the topological indices A(x1)-A(x3) suggested in this laboratory were applied to multivariate analysis in structure-property studies. The topological indices of 43 phosphone bisazo derivatives of chromotropic acid were calculated. The structure-property relationships between colour reagents and their colour reactions with cerium were studied using A(x1-Ax3) indices with satisfactory results. The purpose of this work was to establish whether QSAR can be used to predict the contrasts of colour reactions and in the longer term to be a helpful tool in colour reagent design.

一种新的拓扑指数用于饱和链烃类化合物的结构/性质相关性研究

本文从距离矩阵出发,结合分子中各原子的支化度,产生一种新的拓扑指数Y_X,并将它用于研究饱和链烃类化合物的理化性质,获得了比较满意的结果。与其它已有的拓扑指数比比较,该指数具有良好的结构选择性和相关性。

有机化合物的结构-活性/性质相关性研究——三个新的拓扑指数及其应用

本文提出三个拓扑指数A_(m1),A_(m2),A_(m3),并将它们用于预报有机化合物的物理化学性质、生物活性,取得了较为满意的结果。

分子结构/性质相关性的研究——一种新的拓扑指数及其应用

本文以图论为基础,提出一种新的表征有机化合物分子结构特征的拓扑指数,并将其用于研究饱和链烃类化合物的物理化学性质,得很了满意的结果。与已有的拓扑指数相比较,表明该指数具有良好的唯一性和相关性。

Predicting physical properties of ionic liquids

A simple method to predict the densities of a range of ionic liquids from their surface tensions, and vice versa, using a surface-tension-weighted molar volume, the parachor, is reported. The parachors of ionic liquids containing 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations were determined experimentally, but were also calculated directly from their structural compositions using existing parachor contribution data for neutral compounds. The calculated and experimentally determined parachors were remarkably similar, and the latter data were subsequently employed to predict the densities and surface tensions of the investigated ionic liquids. Using a similar approach, the molar refractions of ionic liquids were determined experimentally, as well as calculated using existing molar refraction contribution data for uncharged compounds. The calculated molar refraction data were employed to predict the refractive indices of the ionic liquids from their surface tensions. The errors involved in the refractive index predictions were much higher than the analogous predictions employing the parachor, but nevertheless demonstrated the potential for developing parachor and molar refraction contribution data for ions as tools to predict ionic liquid physical properties.

Desulfurisation of oils using ionic liquids: selection of cationic and anionic components to enhance extraction efficiency

Extraction of dibenzothiophene from dodecane using ionic liquids as the extracting phase has been investigated for a range of ionic liquids with varying cation classes (imidazolium, pyridinium, and pyrrolidinium) and a range of anion types using liquid-liquid partition studies and QSPR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) analysis. The partition ratio of dibenzothiophene to the ionic liquids showed a clear variation with cation class (dimethylpyridinium > methylpyridinium > pyridinium approximate to imidazolium approximate to pyrrolidinium), with much less significant variation with anion type. Polyaromatic quinolinium-based ionic liquids showed even greater extraction potential, but were compromised by higher melting points. For example, 1-butyl-6-methylquinolinium bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl} amide (mp 47 degrees C) extracted 90% of the available dibenzothiophene from dodecane at 60 degrees C.

Thermophysical Properties of Amino Acid-Based Ionic Liquids

Ionic liquids (ILs) having either cations or anions derived from naturally occurring amino acids have been synthesized and characterized as amino acid-based ionic liquids (AAILs) In this work, the experimental measurements of the temperature dependence or density. viscosity, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of several AAILs, namely, tributylmethylammonium serinate ([N-444][Ser], tributylmethylammonium taurmate ([N-444][Tau]) tributylmethylammonium lysinate a [N-444][ Lys]), tributylmethylammonium threonate ([N-444][Thr]), tetrabutylphosphonium serinate ([P-4444][Ser]), tetrabutylphosphonium taurmate ([P-4444][Tau]), tetrabutylphosphonium lysinate ([P-4444][Lys]), tetrabutylphosphonium threonate P-4444 Thr tetrabutylphosphonium prolinate P-4444 ((Pro(), tetrabutylphosphonium valinate ([P-4444][Val]), and tetrabutylphosphonium cysteinate ([P-4444][Cys]), are presented The influence of cations and anions on studied properties is discussed. On the basis of experimental data. the QSPR (quantitative structure property relationship) correlations and group contribution methods for thermophysical properties of AAILs have been developed, which form the basis for the development of the computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) of AAILs It has also been demonstrated that that the predictive data obtained by con elation methods ale in good agreement with the experimental data The correlations developed, herein. can thus be used to evaluate the studied thermophysical properties of AAILs for use in process design or in the CAMD of new AAILs