Associations between flavan-3-ol intake and CVD risk in the Norfolk cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk)

Background: Dietary intervention studies suggest that flavan-3-ol intake can improve vascular function and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, results from prospective studies failed to show a consistent beneficial effect. Objective: To investigate associations between flavan-3-ol intake and CVD risk in the Norfolk arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Norfolk). Design: Data was available from 24,885 (11,252 men; 13,633 women) participants, recruited between 1993 and 1997 into the EPIC-Norfolk study. Flavan-3-ol intake was assessed using 7-day food diaries and the FLAVIOLA Flavanol Food Composition database. Missing data for plasma cholesterol and vitamin C were imputed using multiple imputation. Associations between flavan-3-ol intake and blood pressure at baseline were determined using linear regression models. Associations with CVD risk were estimated using Cox regression analyses. Results: Median intake of total flavan-3-ols was 1034 mg/d (range: 0 – 8531 mg/d) for men and 970 mg/d (0 – 6695 mg/d) for women, median intake of flavan-3-ol monomers was 233 mg/d (0 – 3248 mg/d) for men and 217 (0 – 2712 mg/d) for women. There were no consistent associations between flavan-3-ol monomer intake and baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP). After 286,147 person-years of follow up, there were 8463 cardio-vascular events and 1987 CVD related deaths; no consistent association between flavan-3-ol intake and CVD risk (HR 0.93, 95% CI:0.87; 1.00; Q1 vs Q5) or mortality was observed (HR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.84; 1.04). Conclusions: Flavan-3-ol intake in EPIC-Norfolk is not sufficient to achieve a statistically significant reduction in CVD risk.

Trade Credits under Imperfect Enforcement: A Theory with a Test on Chinese Experience

It is widely recognized that trade credit is an important financial mechanism, particularly in developing economies and transition economies where institutions are weak. This paper documents theoretical analysis and empirical accounts on what facilitates an effective supply of trade credit based on original surveys conducted in P.R. of China. Our theory predicts that trade volume and trade credit are increasing function of cash held by the buyer and enforcement technology of the seller. Furthermore, if the state sector’s enforcement technology is high, it has positive external effect to expand the volumes of trade credit and trades in the whole economy. From the data, we found that government made active commitment in enforcement of trade credit contract and the government owned firms are main supplier and receivers of trade credit, which suggest that enforcement by government and state sector were effective against presumptions in the previous literatures.

Tracing CO2 emissions in global value chains

This paper integrates two lines of research into a unified conceptual framework: trade in global value chains and embodied emissions. This allows both value added and emissions to be systematically traced at the country, sector, and bilateral levels through various production network routes. By combining value-added and emissions accounting in a consistent way, the potential environmental cost (amount of emissions per unit of value added) along global value chains can be estimated. Using this unified accounting method, we trace CO2 emissions in the global production and trade network among 41 economies in 35 sectors from 1995 to 2009, basing our calculations on the World Input–Output Database, and show how they help us to better understand the impact of cross-country production sharing on the environment.

Piedra de toque de la verdad, peso fiel de la razon que examina el fundamento con que Valencia y Huesca contienden sobre qual es la verdadera patria del inuicto martyr San Lorenzo ...

Olvidos del amanuense..., Q5

Amadis de Gaula. Francés

Marca tip. en port

Histoire géographique, physique, naturelle et civile de la Hollande ; traduit du hollandois ; tome premier /

Mode of access: Internet.

Examen de plusieurs parties de la chirurgie : d'après les faits qui peuvent y avoir rapport.

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Offices tirés de l'Escriture Sainte : pour tous les jours du mois, avec les prieres du matin et du soir /

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Prose di. m. Pietro Bembo nelle quali si ragiona della volgar lingua scritte al cardinale de Medici che poi e stato creato a Sommo Pontefice et detto papa Clemente Settimo diuise in tre libri

ICCU,

Histoire des juifs et des peuples voisins : depuis la décadence des Royaumes d'Israël et de Juda jusqu'à la mort de Jesus-Christ /

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De la Conoissance de soi-même : Suite Des Éclaircissemens Sur Ses Traités /

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Précis historique de la marine royale de france, depuis l'origine de la monarchie jusqu'au roi regnant. ... /

ICCU,

Decisioni di casi di coscienza e di dottrina canonica /

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La passione del Signore : considerata in dodici stati. E ciascuno stato meditato per tutti i giorni d'vn mese : con trè tometti di tauole vtilissime a tutti, e particolarmente a[i] predicatori /

Mode of access: Internet.

Anales de la Universidad Central del Ecuador.

Historical abstracts. Part B. Twentieth century abstracts