Apuntes en torno a la renovación de la educación inicial a mediados del siglo XX

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto explorar los acontecimientos centrales que habilitaron la renovación de la educación inicial en Argentina a mediados del siglo XX. A partir del trabajo con fuentes analizo la construcción de un discurso que posibilitó la renovación de las prácticas en las salas de los jardines de infantes cuyos rasgos centrales perduran hasta nuestros días. En ese sentido, se analizan los modos en que la educación inicial se hace presente en las políticas educativas del peronismo y se recorren algunos de los textos significativos de aquel período. Luego, se indagan los efectos de la recepción del discurso psicológico en las familias y en las salas hasta la llegada de la última dictadura. En cuanto, a las fuentes se seleccionaron las que forman parte del corpus teórico de referencia para la segunda mitad del siglo pasado.

La enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la psicología : Estudio de la práctica docente en profesores y principiantes

El proyecto de investigación "La enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la psicología: estudio de la práctica docente en profesores y principiantes" tuvo entre sus propósitos iniciales indagar y comprender el sistema de creencias y representaciones de profesores y principiantes respecto a la enseñanza de la psicología, presuponiendo que los puntos de vista que los profesores tienen sobre el conocimiento psicológico afectan o inciden sobre el modo en que enseñan. Considerando que un número importante de profesores comparte la docencia con el ejercicio profesional, uno de los aspectos a explorar fue el impacto que sobre el pensamiento del profesor, genera la relación docencia-profesión. El proyecto se inscribe en un enfoque de investigación cualitativo, en el que la exploración y descripción no intentan señalar nexos causales del problema planteado sino comprender distintos aspectos del objeto de estudio. Ello posibilitó la aproximación a las prácticas de docentes expertos y principiantes, con el propósito de captar los constructos personales que mediatizan y significan la acción del docente en el aula.

Apuntes en torno a la renovación de la educación inicial a mediados del siglo XX

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto explorar los acontecimientos centrales que habilitaron la renovación de la educación inicial en Argentina a mediados del siglo XX. A partir del trabajo con fuentes analizo la construcción de un discurso que posibilitó la renovación de las prácticas en las salas de los jardines de infantes cuyos rasgos centrales perduran hasta nuestros días. En ese sentido, se analizan los modos en que la educación inicial se hace presente en las políticas educativas del peronismo y se recorren algunos de los textos significativos de aquel período. Luego, se indagan los efectos de la recepción del discurso psicológico en las familias y en las salas hasta la llegada de la última dictadura. En cuanto, a las fuentes se seleccionaron las que forman parte del corpus teórico de referencia para la segunda mitad del siglo pasado.

La enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la psicología : Estudio de la práctica docente en profesores y principiantes

El proyecto de investigación "La enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la psicología: estudio de la práctica docente en profesores y principiantes" tuvo entre sus propósitos iniciales indagar y comprender el sistema de creencias y representaciones de profesores y principiantes respecto a la enseñanza de la psicología, presuponiendo que los puntos de vista que los profesores tienen sobre el conocimiento psicológico afectan o inciden sobre el modo en que enseñan. Considerando que un número importante de profesores comparte la docencia con el ejercicio profesional, uno de los aspectos a explorar fue el impacto que sobre el pensamiento del profesor, genera la relación docencia-profesión. El proyecto se inscribe en un enfoque de investigación cualitativo, en el que la exploración y descripción no intentan señalar nexos causales del problema planteado sino comprender distintos aspectos del objeto de estudio. Ello posibilitó la aproximación a las prácticas de docentes expertos y principiantes, con el propósito de captar los constructos personales que mediatizan y significan la acción del docente en el aula.

Apuntes en torno a la renovación de la educación inicial a mediados del siglo XX

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto explorar los acontecimientos centrales que habilitaron la renovación de la educación inicial en Argentina a mediados del siglo XX. A partir del trabajo con fuentes analizo la construcción de un discurso que posibilitó la renovación de las prácticas en las salas de los jardines de infantes cuyos rasgos centrales perduran hasta nuestros días. En ese sentido, se analizan los modos en que la educación inicial se hace presente en las políticas educativas del peronismo y se recorren algunos de los textos significativos de aquel período. Luego, se indagan los efectos de la recepción del discurso psicológico en las familias y en las salas hasta la llegada de la última dictadura. En cuanto, a las fuentes se seleccionaron las que forman parte del corpus teórico de referencia para la segunda mitad del siglo pasado.

A PESQUISA ACADÊMICA SOBRE COMUNICAÇÃO POPULAR, ALTERNATIVA E COMUNITÁRIA NO BRASIL: análise de dissertações e teses produzidas em Programas de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação entre 1972 - 2012

Mapeamento das dissertações e teses referentes à subárea da comunicação popular, alternativa e comunitária (CPAC) desenvolvidas nos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação stricto sensu no Brasil, de 1972 a 2012. Dentre os objetivos estão localizar as pesquisas; os autores; sua distribuição no tempo e espaço; identificar as instituições e orientadores que impulsionam a subárea; definir as abordagens teórico-metodológicas; e apontar autores/conceitos referência. Por meio de pesquisa exploratória e aplicação de quatro filtros, chegou-se a uma amostra final de 102 pesquisas, 87 dissertações e 15 teses, submetidas à análise quantitativa, por meio de Análise de Conteúdo a partir de partes pré-definidas (Resumo, Palavras chave, Introdução, Sumário, Considerações Finais e capítulo metodológico, quando presente), e a uma análise qualitativa do conteúdo completo das 15 teses. O método que orienta esta pesquisa é o histórico dialético, na perspectiva da busca de uma análise de conjunto e atenta às contradições e mudanças que o objeto está implicado; e a pesquisa bibliográfica que a fundamenta se ancora em autores como Jorge González, Cicilia Peruzzo, Regina Festa, Pedro Gilberto Gomes, Gilberto Giménez e Augusto Triviños e foi realizada com o apoio do software NVivo. Resultados quantitativos indicam: a) predominância de pesquisas sobre comunicação comunitária (68%) b) predominância de estudos empíricos (79%); c) a variedade de denominações atribuídas às experiências pelos pesquisadores; d) a constante luta das classes populares por democratização da comunicação e por direitos sociais ao longo dos anos; e) a influência e importância dos intelectuais orgânicos nas experiências estudadas, f) problemas metodológicos; g) UMESP, USP e UFRJ como instituições protagonistas, e, h) Cicilia Peruzzo e Raquel Paiva como as que mais orientam teses e dissertações sobre a temática. Quanto à análise qualitativa verificaram-se alguns critérios que permeiam a CPAC: 1) a definição de classes subalternas; 2) a importância da participação ativa das comunidades nos processos de comunicação; e 3) formas, conteúdos e objetivos que se complementam e dão identidade às experiências

Blurred Lines: Performance Enhancement, Common Mental Disorders and Referral in the U.K. Athletic Population

Through the awareness-raising efforts of several high-profile current and former athletes, the issue of common mental disorders (CMD) in this population is gaining increasing attention from researchers and practitioners alike. Yet the prevalence is unclear and most likely, under-reported. Whilst the characteristics of the sporting environment may generate CMD within the athletic population, it also may exacerbate pre-existing conditions, and hence it is not surprising that sport psychology and sport science practitioners are anecdotally reporting increased incidences of athletes seeking support for CMDs. In a population where there are many barriers to reporting and seeking help for CMD, due in part to the culture of the high performance sporting environment, anecdotal reports suggest that those athletes asking for help are approaching personnel who they are most comfortable talking to. In some cases, this may be a sport scientist, the sport psychologist or sport psychology consultant. Among personnel in the sporting domain, there is a perception that the sport psychologist or sport psychology consultant is best placed to assist athletes seeking assistance for CMD. However, sport psychology as a profession is split by two competing philosophical perspectives; one of which suggests that sport psychologists should work exclusively with athletes on performance enhancement, and the other views the athlete more holistically and accepts that their welfare may directly impact on their performance. To add further complication, the development of the profession of sport psychology varies widely between countries, meaning that practice in this field is not always clearly defined. This article examines case studies that illustrate the blurred lines in applied sport psychology practice, highlighting challenges with the process of referral in the U.K. athletic population. The article concludes with suggestions for ensuring the field of applied sport psychology is continually evolving and reconfiguring to ensure that it continues to meet the demands of its clients.

The Multi-Faceted Experience of Empathy in Intellectual Disability Settings: An IPA Study

This research thesis explored the concept of empathy. The specific purpose was to further understand the idea of empathy in relation to the experience of male support workers who provide residential care to adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) and challenging behaviour. The thesis aimed to provide some insights into how support workers develop and extract meaning from their experiences of relationships with clients and the impact of this on their own self-care, namely, self-compassion. Since personal accounts of experience were required, a qualitative methodology was employed, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) (Smith, 2004). This methodology was selected as it allows for the exploration and interpretation of idiographic lived experience and meaning making. 8 experienced support workers were interviewed using a semi structured interview. Four superordinate themes emerged from the data. These included: 1. Making sense of the others inner world; 2. Processes that enhance empathic practice; 3. Tensions and conflicts, and 4. Management of distressing feelings. Differing accounts of interpreting the needs of clients were identified which helped participants understand, make sense of their interpersonal experience and participate in their role. These included utilising academic knowledge and senses, particularly sight and hearing, which were seemingly complemented by a level of reflective practice. Additionally, to make sense of the experience of a client, they appeared to put themselves in their position, suggesting a form of empathy. Participants appeared to engage in a process of reflection on their relationships with clients, which helped them think about what they had learned about the person’s needs, moreover, this process enabled them to identify some of their own responses and feelings. However, participants seemed to struggle to recognise the occurrence or impact of distressing emotional experience and to express their feelings, possibly in response to a deep sense of responsibility and fear of transferring emotional distress to others. This dilemma of holding two potentially conflicting views of experience seemed to inhibit self-compassion. Although not specifically testing theories of empathy, from the overall findings, it could be suggested that empathy may be a dynamic, transient process that is influenced by reflexivity, values and context. The context in which participants discussed their practice, and situated within their accounts, suggested a sense of confusion and uncertainty. Consequently, it is suggested this impacted on how participants understood and related to clients, and to themselves. There were some specific implications for Counselling Psychology practice, mostly concerning training and supervision. These included recommendations for staff training and supervision, systemic organisational intervention, policy development, recommendations for revisions to models of specialist care frameworks and clinical training.

Estereotipos sobre el envejecimiento según el periodo del desarrollo y el género

Teniendo en cuenta el drástico aumento en Colombia y el mundo de la población adulta mayor la pirámide poblacional se ha invertido. Lo que ha generado que cada vez haya más adultos mayores y la esperanza de vida sea mayor. Motivo por el cual surge la importancia de conocer diversos aspectos del envejecimiento, entre ellos los estereotipos. Adicionalmente hay muy poca investigación relacionada con los estereotipos sobre el envejecimiento según el género y el periodo de desarrollo. Levy (2009) encontró que son los jóvenes quienes tienen más estereotipos negativos sobre el envejecimiento pues estos sienten que la vejez está muy lejos de su realidad actual y no es en una amenaza personal. Por otro lado Bodner, Bergman y Cohen (2012), encontraron que son los hombres quienes tienen más estereotipos negativos sobre el envejecimiento. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo describir el efecto del periodo del desarrollo y el género en los estereotipos sobre el envejecimiento en 860 adultos colombianos. Se midió la variable de estereotipos sobre el envejecimiento a través del cuestionario de Ramírez y Palacios (2015) y el periodo del desarrollo y el género a través de un cuestionario de datos sociodemograficos. Contrario a lo esperado, los resultados mostraron que no existe relación entre los estereotipos negativos con el género, el periodo del desarrollo, ni en la interacción de estos. En cambio, se encontraron diferencias entre los estereotipos positivos el género y el periodo de desarrollo. Se considera importante continuar realizando investigaciones relacionadas con esta temática pues cada vez son más los adultos mayores y la manera en que nos relacionemos con ellos, va a determinar un mejor proceso de envejecimiento para ellos.

Is stereotype threat a useful construct for organizational psychology research and practice?

Stereotypes about different groups persist in organizations. Employees from such groups may experience stereotype threat, or the concern that they are being judged on the basis of demeaning stereotypes about groups to which they belong. The goal of this focal article is to discuss whether stereotype threat is a useful construct for organizational psychology research and practice. To this end, we focus on consequences other than acute performance deficits in laboratory settings. In particular, we examine studies that highlight the effects of stereotype threat on intrapersonal outcomes (e.g., job attitudes), interpersonal outcomes (e.g., negotiation), and on the relationship between employees and their organization. The research reviewed suggests that stereotype threat is a potentially important phenomenon in organizations, but it also highlights the paucity of research in an organizational context. We provide suggestions for future research directions as well as for the prevention and amelioration of stereotype threat in the workplace.

Practice guidelines in clinical psychology: An uncertain future for a clinical profession

Practice guidelines have long been surrounded by controversy. Despite an almost instinctive outcry against these protocols among many clinicians, current versions provide therapists with considerable freedom in their practice. This paper examines the utility and possible negative evolution of such guidelines.

Bridging the Divide in Work and Occupational Psychology: Evidence From Practice

This study explores the extent to which work and organizational (W&O) psychology practitioners use evidence, how they apply it to the everyday contexts in which they work and the types of barriers they encounter in so doing. It adopts a mixed methods approach involving the administration of a survey to a UK sample (N=163) of W&O psychologists and a series of semi-structured interviews (N=25) exploring in greater depth how evidence is applied in practice. Findings reveal that practitioners consult a wide range of different types of evidence which they employ at various stages of engagement with client organisations and that this evidence is pressed into service in the pursuit of solutions which are both acceptable from the client perspective and consistent with the scientific standards underpinning professional knowledge and expertise in W&O psychology. Barriers to evidence-use were mainly practical in nature, concerning issues around managing the client-consultant relationship and the particularities of implementation context, both of which were shown to influence evidence utilisation. The study contributes to current debate on the extent to which W&O psychologists adopt an evidence-based approach and provides a valuable and much called-for empirical insight into the enactment of the scientist-practitioner model in W&O psychology

Improving the dependability of research in personality and social psychology: Recommendations for research and educational practice

In this article, the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP) Task Force on Publication and Research Practices offers a brief statistical primer and recommendations for improving the dependability of research. Recommendations for research practice include (a) describing and addressing the choice of N (sample size) and consequent issues of statistical power, (b) reporting effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), (c) avoiding “questionable research practices” that can inflate the probability of Type I error, (d) making available research materials necessary to replicate reported results, (e) adhering to SPSP’s data sharing policy, (f) encouraging publication of high-quality replication studies, and (g) maintaining flexibility and openness to alternative standards and methods. Recommendations for educational practice include (a) encouraging a culture of “getting it right,” (b) teaching and encouraging transparency of data reporting, (c) improving methodological instruction, and (d) modeling sound science and supporting junior researchers who seek to “get it right.”