Contribuições para o planejamento de espaços abertos junto a edificações de instituições para idosos

o principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi contribuir com a produção de informações destinadas a orientar o planejamento de espaços abertos junto a edificações de instituições para idosos, através do estudo das necessidades de seus usuários. A busca destas informações partiu da investigação da realidade vigente no município de Porto Alegre-RS, entre as instituições que atendem o público idoso de menor poder aquisitivo. Para isso, foram desenvolvidos dois estudos de campo. Visando obter uma visão geral sobre a situação dos espaços abertos nas instituições, o primeiro estudo consistiu de um levantamento preliminar, onde foram analisadas características fisicas de áreas externas existentes em uma amostra de doze instituições distribuídas na zona urbana do município. Os resultados deste estudo revelaram, em alguns casos, áreas externas muito limitadas e, na maioria dos casos, uma qualidade bastante fnsatisfatória dos espaços abertos disponíveis. O segundo estudo foi um estudo de caso múltiplo envolvendo duas instituições selecionadas dentre aquelas estudadas no levantamento preliminar. Partindo da abordagem utilizada nos estudos da interfuce comportamento humano e ambiente, referenciados na Psicologia Ambiental, este estudo teve por objetivo investigar as relações entre os espaços abertos das instituições e seus usuários, utilizando, como fontes de evidência, levantamentos fisicos, registros de arquivos, entrevistas e observações. Em suma, os resultados deste trabalho revelaram que: a) a presença de espaços abertos é considerada importante pelos idosos e pelos demais personagens das instituições; b) os idosos raramente visitam outros espaços abertos fora da instituição c) a qualidade dos espaços abertos disponíveis contribui positivamente com a satisfução dos idosos em relação à instituição, com a percepção dos idosos sobre a importância dos espaços abertos e com o tempo de permanência dos mesmos nas áreas externas; d) os idosos tendem a perceber o pátio predominantemente como um local de atividade; e) vegetação e Íllfta- restrutura para lazer ativo são as principais características associadas ao "pátio ideal" pelos idosos; f) a vegetação é avaliada positivamente pelos idosos, sobretudo, por seu caráter ornamental e produtivo; g) idosos consideram importante a possibilidade de cultivarem plantas no pátio da instituição; h) as características que mais influenciam a utilização do pátio pelos idosos são: acessibilidade e segurança, proximidade das edificações, liberdade de acesso, conforto, presença de elementos de interesse, possibilidade de desenvolvimento deatividades, e privacidade. Também se verificou que administradores, funcionários e visitantes não percebem o pátio da instituição como um local para seu próprio proveito.

A importância atribuída aos símbolos de status no ambiente de trabalho: um estudo de caso

Trata da utilização de símbolos de status diversos no ambiente de trabalho das organizações. Aborda considerações sobre a Psicologia Ambiental, tecendo comentários sobre a influência dos símbolos de status sobre os colaboradores. Apresenta um estudo de caso real e sugestões para uma melhor utilização do ambiente de trabalho como ferramenta para o alcance de objetivos organizacionais

Efeito dos fatores de design do merchandising nas vendas em varejo

As relações comerciais entre empresas varejistas e seus clientes, em especial as implicações do ambiente de loja no comportamento de compra, passaram a ser objeto de interesse de pesquisados nas últimas décadas. Os estudos de Mehrabian e Russel (1974), pesquisadores da área da Psicologia Ambiental, foram fundamentais para a disseminação da ideia de que os elementos ambientais do ponto de venda causam reações emocionais que podem transformarse em comportamentos inexplicáveis do ponto de vista cognitivo. Nesse sentido, assume papel importante a implementação do merchandising, entendido como o elo de comunicação entre o produto e o cliente, pois objetiva a adequada apresentação do ambiente de loja de forma a favorecer a atividade de compra. A partir desse contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo evidenciar, quantitativamente, o efeito que a transformação dos fatores de design, pela utilização do merchandising, pode causar nas vendas de uma tradicional rede de lojas do varejo do setor calçadista. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso-controle, utilizando o método quasi-experimental, para o qual foram compostos dois grupos de lojas: o experimental – onde se aplicou o merchandising, e o controle – onde as características de design do merchandising permaneceram inalteradas. O referencial teórico sobre o qual se fundamentou a pesquisa inclui temas da psicologia, marketing, comportamento organizacional, fatores comportamentais e arquitetura de merchandising. Dessa forma, foi possível verificar os efeitos na variação da receita de vendas causados pela variação dos fatores de design. Por meio do uso de técnicas estatísticas, concluiu-se que o grupo experimental obteve médias de receita significativamente superiores do que o grupo controle, durante a etapa comparativa da pesquisa. Na segunda etapa, na qual o grupo controle também foi ambientado pelo modelo de merchandising, a análise dos resultados confirmou o efeito: a receita deste grupo teve efetiva recuperação, superando o grupo experimental. Assim, a pesquisa contribui para a aceitação de que os fatores visuais de design do ambiente do ponto de venda atuam no nível cognitivo e emocional das pessoas, favorecendo a atividade de venda.

Categorias no pensamento humano: conceitos ou protótipos?

Este trabalho representa urna tentativa de recolocar, à luz das mais recentes contribuições teóricas e verificações empíricas, o terna da obtenção de conceitos e de sua atual alternativa, expressa através da teoria dos protótipos. Para a consecução de tal objetivo, fez-se inicialmente urna revisão dos principais aspectos que caracterizam a abordagem clássica na obtenção de conceitos. Nessa abordagem, define-se um conceito por um pequeno conjunto de propriedades comuns a todos os seus exemplares, que são necessárias e suficientes para este fim. A análise dos resultados obtidos confirmou plenamente a hipótese em questão, indicando que a estrutura interna das categorias de ambientes possuía uma realidade psicológica e que tal estrutura afetava o processamento cognitivo destas categorias. As evidências reunidas nos três estudos possibilitaram uma confirmação e extensão de algumas das formulações teóricas subjacentes ã abordagem de protótipos na formação de categorias e possibilitaram o desenvolvimento de sugestões úteis ã Psicologia Ambiental, ã Psicologia Instrucional e ã elaboração de modelos sobre o processo de for mação de categorias.

(Con)vivendo em fortalezas: o outro lado do morar bem

The intensification of the fear in the city and in the spaces controlled by this feeling has contributed to a growing socio-spatial inequality, and the rapid growth of market protection. The residential condos emerge as a possible solution to the problem. This is a housing typology expanding worldwide which is seen, especially by the urban middle class, as enablers of quality of life and safety. In Brazil, especially in large cities, the quest for quality of life is directly connected with the desire for security translated through space control (use of high walls, gates, entrance hall, security cameras) and people who use it. This thesis aims at investigating how the different categories of inhabitants of an area predominantly occupied by vertical residential condos realize the socio-spatial dimension and the socio-urban space determined by this type of development. It especially takes into consideration the issue of urban insecurity, based on the assumption that, although published and sold by marketing as safe places , synonym of welfare and supporters of community life , the living in these condos, may even inhibits, social relationships, contributing to socio-spatial isolation and consequent social weakness. This is a survey that seeks to meet the assumptions of Environmental Psychology towards the comprehension of person-environment studies, emphasizing the use of different methods (desk research, observations of and group interviews, focus group technique using photographic resources), as well as the focus on current problems of the urban scene and the knowledge gained in Social Psychology

Comportamento sócio-espacial de pessoas em movimento :um estudo exploratório no calçadão da Avenida Engenheiro Roberto Freire

People-environment interaction, focus of Environmental Psychology studies, presupposes that space influences behavior and vice-versa. Despite of the importance of dynamic reciprocity, there are a few works that treat the mobility condition of the people experimenting space. The present study investigates environmental perception of users of the Engenheiro Roberto Freire Avenue sidewalk, one of the few places in Natal for physical activities practicing, where most people are in intense and continuous movement. A few questions for this study where made: In what way does the individual realize the environment while he is moving? How do reciprocal man-environment relations occur there, according to a mobility context? What are the main difficulties and easiness in man-environment interaction under this condition? The search for these answers is based on concepts of social-spatial human behavior - especially personal space, territoriality, density and crowding and contributions of Barker´s Ecologycal Psychology. Considering that the physical space in this case is multifaceted and the perception of theses scenarios is governed by multiples senses and stimuli, it was defined a multi-methodological route: (i) observation participative in loco; (ii) identification of the main behavior settings at the area; (iii) categorization of the activities occurring at the place; (iv) application of a semi-structured interview; (v) images registered and (vi) construction of the researcher s log. The perception of oneself and others in movement in the environment, immersed in a intricate web of inter-actions, makes people develop mobility strategies, many times unconsciously, with the aim of ensuring satisfaction in its activities. Since the Eng. Roberto Freire Avenue sidewalk is an equipment public-urban largely used by the population of Natal, the reflection of the mobility effectiveness in the users environmental perception is expected, providing suggestions for future studies in this field of knowledge

Crianças no pátio escolar :a utilização dos espaços e o comportamento infantil no recreio

The interest for understanding the relationship of the child with its environment has increased in the whole world during the last few years. Several researchers, using Environmental Psychology as basis, have analyzed the implications of this relation for the child development and the organization of playful spaces. Being a place where children spend a great part of their time and develop many intellectual and social abilities, the school becomes one of the main focus of this research. This study investigated different sectors of the outdoor area of NEI -UFRN, during the recreation time, in which the use of space and the interaction between children were analyzed, through the observation of the child behavior (place-centered and individual-centered mapping). The results had disclosed that the school s outdoor area and its equipments presents a great range of choices possible to the children, however its occupation is not uniform: there are areas very used and others almost without use. Generally, this heterogeneity happens again in relation to the distribution of the interaction states in the sectors, the friendly associative behavior being the most present. The observation of children behaviors favored a better understanding of the use of the spaces, and contributed for discussion about the environment what these users really need for a healthy development, including differences in related to gender, age and daytime. In spite of the studied outdoor areas being vast, pleasant and varied, it needs a better distribution of its equipments and a plan that allows greater children participation in the place organization

A água nossa de cada dia : percepção, uso e predisposições comportamentais de alunos do ensino médio de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte

Embora a escassez de água seja reconhecida como um dos principais problemas mundiais a ser enfrentado pela humanidade, padrões comportamentais ecologicamente insustentáveis ainda persistem. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar determinantes do comportamento pró-ambiental relativo à água, bem como os significados que lhe são atribuídos por alunos do ensino médio do Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica do Rio Grande do Norte, em Natal. Compuseram a amostra de conveniência 315 estudantes, 146 mulheres e 169 homens, que responderam a um questionário sobre uso e percepção da água, contendo também indicadores de pró-ambientalismo, cuidado ambiental, desenvolvimento sustentável, perspectiva temporal, externalidades e coletivismo, além de inquérito sócio-demográfico. Para os participantes, água é sinônimo de vida, muito embora a relação que mantém com ela parece dúbia e, muito mais funcional que ecológica; consideram-na um recurso finito, um patrimônio indispensável à vida, contudo não foi observada coerência entre as concepções manifestadas e os comportamentos auto-relatados de uso da água. Os resultados encontrados apontaram preditores importantes do comportamento pró-ambiental relativo à água: sexo do respondente, Escala Novo Paradigma Ecológico e deixar forma de contato para participar de campanhas futuras. Seja para aprofundamento teórico em novos estudos, seja para auxiliar na elaboração de programas de educação ambiental, que poderiam contribuir para inibir os efeitos de uma cultura de consumo e de uma visão utilitarista da água, ampliando esforços individuais e coletivos para a preservação de bens comuns, como a água. Palavras-chave: psicologia ambiental; sustentabilidade; água; comportamento próambiental. x xi Abstract Although water scarcity is recognized as one of the main world-wide problems to be faced by human kind, ecologically unsustainable patterns of behavior still persist. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze pro-environmental behavior related to water, as well as meanings associated to it by high school students of Federal Center of Technological Education of Rio Grande do Norte, in Natal. The convenience sample was composed by 315 students, 146 women and 169 men, who answered a questionnaire about use and perception of water, containing indicators of proenvironmentalism, environmental care, sustainable development, time perspective, externalities and collectivism, besides socio-demographic items. According to participants, water is synonymous of life, even though the relationship they present with it is ambiguous, much more functional than ecological; they consider it a finite resource, an indispensable life patrimony, however there was no coherence between such conceptions and the self-reported behaviors of water use. Results indicated three important predictors of pro-environmental behavior: sex of respondent, New Ecological Paradigm Scale and telephone/address left for eventual contact to participate in future environmental campaigns. They may be used in additional studies for theoretical development, or to assist in the planning of programs of environmental education, aimed at the inhibition of the effects of a culture of consumption and of an utilitarian perception of water, extending individual and collective efforts towards the preservation of common resources as water

O pátio escolar do ensino fundamental como ambiente de brincar segundo as crianças usuárias

The intention of the present study was to analyze the adequacy of the playground of elementary schools, according to the point of view of the child student, direct user of this type of environment, what estimated its critical in respect to these spaces and aimed at to contribute for its improvement. Many studies have analyzed the quality of the physical environment available for activities of leisure in specific places for children, focusing in the influence of the physical space in the interpersonal relationships and the comfort and satisfaction generated by the physical characteristics of these spaces. Concern with scholar environment, specially the interest on playgrounds, has been subject of recent studies; however, little attention has been given to the opinion of the user-child in relation to this school environment. In this inquiry of the playground of two state schools of 1ª to 4ª series of elementary school in the city of Piracicaba, SP, was used: assystematics observations, photographic register of the studied environments, interviews with child-users and behavioral mapping. The main subjects resulting from the analysis of the interviews content were: adaptation, density and interpersonal relationships, and infantile confinement. The results revealed the unsatisfactory conditions of the courtyards, in respect to person-environment relationship. The children demonstrated to be critical, creative and responsible when answering questions related to the quality of the school courtyard. This finding confirms previous studies and leads to the conclusion that the child, as the direct user, should be included as an excellent source of consultation in the planning of the constructed environment

Um lugar para chamar de "meu" :estudo sobre relação afetiva com o lugar de moradores da praia de Pipa-RN

The chores and the daily physical and social demands make us feel more and more the need to be in a familiar and restoring environment, with which we frequently establish emotional bonds. The interaction with places for resting and leisure, exemplified in the Environmental Psychology literature as recreational and home environments, allow us to exercise our potentials and to strengthen our (personal and collective) identity. Bearing this in mind, this dissertation has as aim to study the relation of affection between the place and the inhabitants of the community of Pipa-RN, which has turned from fishermen s village into tourist destination, bringing with it many changes to the local population. To accomplish that, we made use of behavioral observations, interviews, and graphic and photographic documentation with 30 subjects selected through a network of indications, attending to the criterion loving Pipa . After analysis and systematization of the answers, we identified three super-categories: 1) Love, characterized by the strong representation that an environment has upon an individual without, necessarily, there being an affective link, allowing it to be nurtured from a distance and dissociated from the desire to be present; 2) Attachment, demonstrated by the difficulty in leaving the place, a bond that can be mediated by personal financial investments or expectation of future benefits; 3) Affiliation, which refers to the feeling of belonging to the place and its community, sharing its history, culture, habits, etc., independent from the place of birth. These super-categories are not exclusive, on the contrary, they can form combinations which we denominate as situations, that could vary from 01 (individual involved with none of the three) to 07 (individual involved with the three); there wasn t the combination between Attachment and Affiliation. These results showed that within the framework of relations of affection with the place, there are countless possibilities of interaction individual-environment, determined by the physicalenvironmental characteristics and by the assessment that each individual makes of it. With this small contribution to the theme, we hope to enlighten the perspectives for future research, especially involving the relation of affection for places and the adoption of proenvironmental conducts, as a question of preservation of the ecosystems and of the quality of life of the inhabitants

A Praça André de Albuquerque, Natal/RN, na visão de seus frequentadores

The study offers a global and interpretative view of the person-environment inter-action at André de Albuquerque Plaza, in Natal, RN, according to a descriptive-exploratory approach that aimed at learning about the space converted into place, as it is perceived and experienced by users, who attribute meaning to it. The main objective was to critically analyze the relationship person-plaza, based on data collected about users perception, utilization and ascribed meaning. I have employed an Environmental Psychology multi-method approach, including informal observations, interactive poster session, videotaping and interviews. The results indicated that the plaza, besides being a passage point, is also a spot of urban convergence for several groups, particularly taxi drivers, flanelinhas, skate boarders and students. In regard to the perception of the place, an overall positive evaluation of the plaza was verified, since people perceive selectively what interests them. In terms of usage, different groups of users presented diverse patterns of utilization, also observed in the attributed meanings. The plaza is a work place for taxi drivers and flanelinhas and a sports arena for the skate boarders, with a practical meaning for both groups. For students and other users it is a place for meeting and leisure, revealing a stronger affective quality, responsible for feelings of well being, tranquility and relaxation. The data so obtained could contribute for future government projects of intervention in those spaces, aiming at its preservation as an open spot among the concrete of city buildings, offering better quality of life, not only for today, but also for future generations

A Água nossa de cada dia: percepção, uso e predisposições comportamentais de alunos do ensino médio de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte

Although water scarcity is recognized as one of the main world-wide problems to be faced by human kind, ecologically unsustainable patterns of behavior still persist. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze pro-environmental behavior related to water, as well as meanings associated to it by high school students of Federal Center of Technological Education of Rio Grande do Norte, in Natal. The convenience sample was composed by 315 students, 146 women and 169 men, who answered a questionnaire about use and perception of water, containing indicators of proenvironmentalism, environmental care, sustainable development, time perspective, externalities and collectivism, besides socio-demographic items. According to participants, water is synonymous of life, even though the relationship they present with it is ambiguous, much more functional than ecological; they consider it a finite resource, an indispensable life patrimony, however there was no coherence between such conceptions and the self-reported behaviors of water use. Results indicated three important predictors of pro-environmental behavior: sex of respondent, New Ecological Paradigm Scale and telephone/address left for eventual contact to participate in future environmental campaigns. They may be used in additional studies for theoretical development, or to assist in the planning of programs of environmental education, aimed at the inhibition of the effects of a culture of consumption and of an utilitarian perception of water, extending individual and collective efforts towards the preservation of common resources as water

Conhecimento sobre energia eólica: um estudo exploratório a partir das redes semânticas naturais de estudantes da cidade de Natal

The human being has a fundamental role in issues concerning scarcity of energy resources as well as in the success of technologies which favor the use of renewable sources, such as wind energy. But what does wind energy mean for people? What are the psychological meanings concerning this term? Aiming to answer these questions, the general objective of this dissertation was to identify and to analyze the knowledge about wind energy taking into account a network of psychological meanings. One hundred and ninety one (191) university students from Natal-RN participated in the study, being male the majority (53%); aged between 17 and 51 years old (M=23.3 years; SD=5.7). Participants responded to self reports using the Natural Semantic Networks (NSW) technique, as well as to several sociodemographic questions. The results showed a consistent, positive and useful general semantic network. In this semantic network, knowledge about wind energy was represented by words that correspond to the appeal of (pro) environmental stance (e.g., clean and nature), that evinced both the technological aspect (e.g., force) and the economic aspect (e.g., economy). Results from different groups were also analyzed. The first set of groups (non-environemental and environmental) was divided considering the course (e.g., ecology and economy). The second set of groups(non-caretaker and caretaker) was divided based on the practice of environmental care expressed. Subtle differences were observed in the semantic networks of caretakers, who emphasized environment, an attribute not mentioned by non-caretakes. This indicates a construction of knowledge that is influenced by the presence or absence of the environmental commitment. Such findings may be useful in the construction of instruments for surveys and in the development of public and educational policies. Additionally, they may assist the media towards a more objective performance concerning wind energy

Ergonomia e avaliação pós-ocupação (APO): a relação entre ambiente, usuário e atividade: uma contribuição da ergonomia aos estudos da Arquitetura

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Design para a permanência e atratividade em nichos de espaços abertos de convívio: DePAN

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)