Metsäkoneen kouran ja hakkuupään pikavaihdon kehittäminen

Yhdistelmämetsäkone on metsäkone, jota voidaan käyttää sekä hakkuukoneena että kuormatraktorina. Konetta voidaan käyttää sekä puiden kaatamiseen, karsimiseen ja katkomiseen että puiden kuormaamiseen ja kuljettamiseen. Tässä diplomityössä suunnitellaan uusi kouran ja hakkuupään pikalukitusmekanismi yhdistelmämetsäkoneen kuormaimeen. Suunnittelutyössä edetään vaiheittain järjestelmällisen tuotesuunnittelun periaatteiden mukaisesti. Tärkeimpänä tavoitteena suunnittelutyönsä on nopeuttaa kouran vaihtoa ja helpottaa kuljettajan työtä. Suunnittelutyön alkuvaiheessa etsitään lukitusmekanismille useita eri ratkaisuvaihtoehtoja, joista valitaan paras jatkokehitykseen. Valittua ratkaisuvaihtoehtoa kehitetään simulointia ja elementtimenetelmälaskentaa apuna käyttäen.

Generative Part-Based Gabor Object Detector

Object detection is a fundamental task of computer vision that is utilized as a core part in a number of industrial and scientific applications, for example, in robotics, where objects need to be correctly detected and localized prior to being grasped and manipulated. Existing object detectors vary in (i) the amount of supervision they need for training, (ii) the type of a learning method adopted (generative or discriminative) and (iii) the amount of spatial information used in the object model (model-free, using no spatial information in the object model, or model-based, with the explicit spatial model of an object). Although some existing methods report good performance in the detection of certain objects, the results tend to be application specific and no universal method has been found that clearly outperforms all others in all areas. This work proposes a novel generative part-based object detector. The generative learning procedure of the developed method allows learning from positive examples only. The detector is based on finding semantically meaningful parts of the object (i.e. a part detector) that can provide additional information to object location, for example, pose. The object class model, i.e. the appearance of the object parts and their spatial variance, constellation, is explicitly modelled in a fully probabilistic manner. The appearance is based on bio-inspired complex-valued Gabor features that are transformed to part probabilities by an unsupervised Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). The proposed novel randomized GMM enables learning from only a few training examples. The probabilistic spatial model of the part configurations is constructed with a mixture of 2D Gaussians. The appearance of the parts of the object is learned in an object canonical space that removes geometric variations from the part appearance model. Robustness to pose variations is achieved by object pose quantization, which is more efficient than previously used scale and orientation shifts in the Gabor feature space. Performance of the resulting generative object detector is characterized by high recall with low precision, i.e. the generative detector produces large number of false positive detections. Thus a discriminative classifier is used to prune false positive candidate detections produced by the generative detector improving its precision while keeping high recall. Using only a small number of positive examples, the developed object detector performs comparably to state-of-the-art discriminative methods.

Recueil de lettres et de pièces originales, et de copies de pièces indiquées comme telles dans le dépouillement qui suit.

Contient : 1 Lettres closes de « FRANÇOYS », duc D'ALENÇON, aux habitants des Pays-Bas. « A Chasteau Thierry, le XIe jour de novembre 1583 » ; 2 Lettre des « deputez estans à Coulloigne,... à messieurs les Estatz generaulx assemblez en Anvers... De Coulloigne, ce 22 may 1579 » ; 3 Copie incomplète d'une lettre sur les affaires des Pays-Bas ; 4 Lettre des « gouverneur, bourgmestres, eschevins, thesauriers et conseil de la ville de Bruxelles » à Henri III.« De Bruxelles, ce XXIIIIme de novembre 1584 » ; 5 « Memoire en forme d'instruction donnée à M. le duc d'Alençon, sur la conduite qu'il doit tenir en France. Fait en novembre 1583 ». ù Lire dans l'ordre suivant : Fol. 16, 10, 11, 13, 12 ; 6 « Copie de ce que [M. DES PRUNEAUX] dit à messrs de l'Union, le 25 juillet 1579 ». ù Lire dans l'ordre suivant : Fol. 61, 17 ; 7 Copie de lettre de M. DES PRUNEAUX aux États généraux des Pays-Bas ; 8 Copie d'une lettre de DES PRUNEAUX au duc d'Alençon. « D'Envers, ce 7e juillet 1581 ». ù Lire dans l'ordre suivant : Fol. 53, 21 ; 9 Fragment d'un discours sur les affaires des Pays-Bas ; 10 Lettre des États généraux des Pays-Bas au duc d'Anjou. Copie. ù Lire dans l'ordre suivant : Fol. 25, 27 ; 11 Lettre des États généraux à la reine Catherine de Médicis. Copie ; 12 Déclaration du duc D'ALENÇON sur sa sortie de la cour. « Donné à Dreulx, le dix septiesme jour de septembre mil cinq cens soixante et quinze ». Copie ; 13 Lettre du Sr DE « LA NEUFVILLE,... à monsieur Des Pruneaux,... A La Neufville, ce 15e jour d'octobre » ; 14 « Les Articles an latin anvoyés des deputés de Collogne aux Etas generaulx des Peïs Bas... Factum Colloniae, 21 maii 1579 » ; 15 « Copie de la lectre que les deputez de Coulloigne ont envoyé à messieurs les Estatz generaulx, du premier juillet 1579 » ; 16 Copie d'une lettre de M. DES PRUNEAUX « à monseigneur le prince d'Orange » ; 17 « Copie des lectres escriptes à mesrs des Estas ge neraux des Peïs Bas, de Paris, le 4e desambre 1584 » ; 18 « Memoire pour monseigneur [le duc d'Alençon] du S DES PRUNE AUX, pour l'arivée de Monseigneur ». ù Lire dans l'ordre suivant : Fol. 83, 42, 41, 84 ; 19 « A mesrs les Estas generaulx, de la part du Sr DES PRUNEAUX,... De Dordrec, ce 14e novembre 1583 » ; 20 Copie d'une lettre de M. DES PRUNEAUX à la « royne de Navarre » ; 21 Lettre du Sr DE « SORBIES [DES PRUNEAUX]... à monseigneur de Ponz,... De Mons en Hainault, ce 14me juillet 1578 » ; 22 « Copie de lectre » de M. DES PRUNEAUX, « pour anvoyer aux Etas generaux » des Pays-Bas ; 23 Lettre relative au mariage d'Hercules de Montmorency, adressée « à madame la vidame d'Amians, à Montresor... A Lesignan, ce XXVe novembre 1591 » ; 24 Lettre de M. DES PRUNEAUX au duc d'Alençon ; 25 Copie d'une lettre des États généraux des Pays-Bas au duc d'Alençon. « Arresté en l'assamblée des Estatz generaulx, le IIIe d'apvril 1579 » ; 26 « Coppie de la lectre escripte... au roy Henry troisiesme, apres la mort de Mr le duc d'Alençon, les Estas des Païs Bas le voulans recevoir pour leur souverain... De Delf, le XIe jour d'octobre 1584 » ; 27 « Copie de se qu'a demandé le Sr DES PRUNEAULX à mesrs des Estas de l'Unyon, pour avoir response de sa remonstranse... Faict à Anvers, le XXIe decenbre 1579 » ; 28 Lettre de M. DE « LA NEUFVILLE,... à monsieur Des Pruneaulx,... De vostre maison, ce 21 jour de septembre 1586 » ; 29 Lettre de M. DES PRUNEAUX à la « renne de Navarre »; du 4e juin 1577 » ; 30 Lettre de M. DES PRUNEAUX au duc d'Alençon ; 31 Double copie d'une lettre des « gouverneur, bourgmaistres, eschevins, thresoriers et conseil de la ville de Bruxelles... De Bruxelles, ce XXIIIIme de novembre 1584 » ; 32 Donation faite par CHARLES IX au Sr de Prye, du sel saisi à Crevan sur des huguenots. « Deuxme jour d'octobre, l'an mil cinq cens soixante huict » ; 33 « Coppie de ce qui a été remonstré aux Estats generaux des Païs Bas par le Sr DES PRUNEAUX, au nom de Bertrand Japin, marchant de Cambray... Faict à La Haye en Hollande, le XIIIIe de janvier 1584 » ; 34 « De ce qu'il samble que Son Altesse [le duc d'Alençon] doit faire entandre à messieurs des Estas generaux » ; 35 Lettre de M. « DE BROSSE,... à monsieur le conte Du Bouchage,... De Brosse, ce XXIIIIe juillet 1565 » ; 36 « Copie de ce que anvoye à mesrs les Estas generaux... le Sr Des Pruneaux,... Faict à Dordrec, le XVIIe novembre 1583 » ; 37 « Copie du memoire envoyé à monseigneur [le duc d'Alençon]... par le Sr Des Pruneaux,... Faict à Anvers, le septiesme de mars 1579 » ; 38 « Copie de la lettre... escripte à monseigneur » le duc d'Alençon par M. DES PRUNEAUX. « D'Anvers, le 20 may... 1579 » ; 39 « Copie de la lettre escripte à monseigneur [le duc d'Alençon], par le Sr DES PRUNEAUX,... D'Anvers, ce premier juillet 1579 » ; 40 « Memoire de ce que la royne, mere du roy, commande de dire » au duc d'Alençon ; 41 « Copie de la lettre escripte par le Sr DES PRUNEAUX à la renne de Navarre, du 4e jullet 1579, estant à Anvers » ; 42 Copie de deux lettres du Sr DES PRUNEAUX au comte et à la comtesse de Lalain ; 43 « Memoire faict par le Sr DES PRUNEAULX,... pour l'arivée de monseigneur » le duc d'Alençon à Mons ; 44 « Copie de lettre escripte à monseigneur [le duc d'Alençon] par le Sr DES PRUNEAUX,... Faict à Anvers, le dixseptiesme de febvrier 1579 » ; 45 « Copie de la lettre escripte au conseil d'Estat du Peïs Bas » par le Sr DES PRUNEAUX. « De Paris, ce IIe may 1585 » ; 46 « C'est l'Esplication des articles repondus par les deputés des Etas [généraux des Pays-Bas] à seux du roy d'Espagne au tretté de pes... Faict à Collogne, le XXIme de may 1579 » ; 47 « Memoire de ceux à quy il faust escripre aux Peïs Bas, par le Sr DES PRUNEAUX ». ù Lire dans l'ordre suivant : Fol. 94, 95, 106 ; 48 « Copie de la lettre escripte par le Sr DES PRUNEAULX à monseigneur le [duc d'Alençon]... D'Anvers, 4e octobre 1579 » ; 49 « Memoire pour l'armée de monsieur [le duc d'Alençon]. 1580 » ; 50 « Copie de lettre » de M. DES PRUNEAUX au duc d'Alençon ; 51 Lettre de M. « LES PRUNEAUX,... pour monseigneur de Bussi,... De Monz an Henault, le 29e may » ; 52 Lettre écrite au « prince d'Orange pour l'entreveue des ambasadeux d'Angleterre. De Mons » ; 53 « Memoyre anvoyé » au duc d'Alençon ; 54 « La Translation de la proposition en latin faicte par monseigneur l'archeduc [d'Autriche] aux Estats generaulx assemblés en Anvers... novembre 1579 » ; 55 « Acte de resolution sur la sortie du Sr de Bours » [gouverneur de Malines]... Faict à Malines, le 8e novembris 1579 » ; 56 Extrait de la pièce portant le n° 18 ; 57 « Copie d'une lettre de monseigneur [le duc D'ALENÇON], anvoyée à mesrs des Etas generaux... des Peïs-Bas... le 12e juing 1578 »

Exploring Bit-Difference for Approximate KNN Search in High-dimensional Databases

In this paper, we develop a novel index structure to support efficient approximate k-nearest neighbor (KNN) query in high-dimensional databases. In high-dimensional spaces, the computational cost of the distance (e.g., Euclidean distance) between two points contributes a dominant portion of the overall query response time for memory processing. To reduce the distance computation, we first propose a structure (BID) using BIt-Difference to answer approximate KNN query. The BID employs one bit to represent each feature vector of point and the number of bit-difference is used to prune the further points. To facilitate real dataset which is typically skewed, we enhance the BID mechanism with clustering, cluster adapted bitcoder and dimensional weight, named the BID⁺. Extensive experiments are conducted to show that our proposed method yields significant performance advantages over the existing index structures on both real life and synthetic high-dimensional datasets.

Backward elimination model construction for regression and classification using leave-one-out criteria

A fundamental principle in practical nonlinear data modeling is the parsimonious principle of constructing the minimal model that explains the training data well. Leave-one-out (LOO) cross validation is often used to estimate generalization errors by choosing amongst different network architectures (M. Stone, "Cross validatory choice and assessment of statistical predictions", J. R. Stast. Soc., Ser. B, 36, pp. 117-147, 1974). Based upon the minimization of LOO criteria of either the mean squares of LOO errors or the LOO misclassification rate respectively, we present two backward elimination algorithms as model post-processing procedures for regression and classification problems. The proposed backward elimination procedures exploit an orthogonalization procedure to enable the orthogonality between the subspace as spanned by the pruned model and the deleted regressor. Subsequently, it is shown that the LOO criteria used in both algorithms can be calculated via some analytic recursive formula, as derived in this contribution, without actually splitting the estimation data set so as to reduce computational expense. Compared to most other model construction methods, the proposed algorithms are advantageous in several aspects; (i) There are no tuning parameters to be optimized through an extra validation data set; (ii) The procedure is fully automatic without an additional stopping criteria; and (iii) The model structure selection is directly based on model generalization performance. The illustrative examples on regression and classification are used to demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are viable post-processing methods to prune a model to gain extra sparsity and improved generalization.

Givens rotation based fast backward elimination algorithm for RBF neural network pruning

A fast backward elimination algorithm is introduced based on a QR decomposition and Givens transformations to prune radial-basis-function networks. Nodes are sequentially removed using an increment of error variance criterion. The procedure is terminated by using a prediction risk criterion so as to obtain a model structure with good generalisation properties. The algorithm can be used to postprocess radial basis centres selected using a k-means routine and, in this mode, it provides a hybrid supervised centre selection approach.

Efeito do ethephon sobre a brotação e vigor dos ramos da videira 'Niagara Rosada' (Vitis labrusca L.)

A produção da videira 'Niagara Rosada' em regiões tropicais e subtropicais do Brasil tem sido freqüentemente prejudicada, principalmente devido à dificuldade de emissão e desenvolvimento das brotações após a poda de produção, realizada nos meses de ocorrência de temperaturas mais baixas, o que tem causado redução nas produções e desestímulo aos viticultores. Para solucionar esse problema, foram conduzidos três experimentos, em pomares comerciais localizados na região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de estudar o efeito do Ethephon, aplicado antes da poda de produção, na emissão e desenvolvimento das novas brotações e na duração do período da poda até a floração. Foram testadas quatro doses de ethephon (0 mg.L-1; 720 mg.L-1; 1.440 mg.L-1; 2.160 mg.L-1) aplicadas via foliar antes da poda de produção, nos meses de junho e julho de 2002. Observou-se que a aplicação de Ethephon proporcionou maior número de gemas brotadas, maior comprimento e diâmetro do ramo e não alterou o período da poda à floração. Especialmente quando da ocorrência de condições climáticas desfavoráveis e quando as plantas apresentaram satisfatório grau de enfolhamento, a aplicação de ethephon, na dose de 2.160 mg.L-1, foi a mais efetiva.

Temperaturas basais e soma térmica para a figueira podada em diferentes épocas

Foram determinadas para figueiras podadas em julho, agosto, setembro e outubro, as temperaturas mínima e máxima basais, a soma térmica expressa em graus-dia e a influência da temperatura na duração do período compreendido entre a poda e o início da colheita, em Botucatu-SP, nos anos de 2002 a 2006. Os valores de temperaturas mínima e máxima basal estimados foram de 8ºC e 36 ºC, respectivamente. As épocas de poda que apresentaram melhores resultados em sazonalidade e produtividade foram, respectivamente, agosto e julho, necessitando de uma soma térmica média de 1.955 e 2.200 graus-dia.

Influência do espaçamento e poda de produção sobre a produtividade e aspectos tecnológicos do maracujá amarelo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Aspectos técnicos e econômicos da poda e do controle químico no manejo da leprose dos citros

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

REDUCTION AND TIMING OF FUNGICIDE APPLICATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SCAB IN PLUM TREES

This work aimed to evaluate the incidence and severity of scab in prune trees under different fungicide management, with two time patterns of application; one at the early fruit formation, up to pit hardening, and another starting after pit hardening, and compare the number of fungicide application reductions with the management adopted by the producer Four experiments, with different treatments, were carried out during the 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 seasons (two experiments,) and that of 2008-2009, using the Harry Pickstone and Reubennel cultivars. The most efficient control of the disease was achieved with the combination of metiram, piraclostrobina e ditianona fungicides from late bloom to pit hardening. Efficient scab control in prune was dependent on the combination of the fungicides used and the application timing. Reduced fungicide management is possible, while spraying initiated after pit hardening was not efficient for scab control.

Interconnection systems for highly integrated computation devices

The sustained demand for faster,more powerful chips has beenmet by the availability of chip manufacturing processes allowing for the integration of increasing numbers of computation units onto a single die. The resulting outcome, especially in the embedded domain, has often been called SYSTEM-ON-CHIP (SOC) or MULTI-PROCESSOR SYSTEM-ON-CHIP (MPSOC). MPSoC design brings to the foreground a large number of challenges, one of the most prominent of which is the design of the chip interconnection. With a number of on-chip blocks presently ranging in the tens, and quickly approaching the hundreds, the novel issue of how to best provide on-chip communication resources is clearly felt. NETWORKS-ON-CHIPS (NOCS) are the most comprehensive and scalable answer to this design concern. By bringing large-scale networking concepts to the on-chip domain, they guarantee a structured answer to present and future communication requirements. The point-to-point connection and packet switching paradigms they involve are also of great help in minimizing wiring overhead and physical routing issues. However, as with any technology of recent inception, NoC design is still an evolving discipline. Several main areas of interest require deep investigation for NoCs to become viable solutions: • The design of the NoC architecture needs to strike the best tradeoff among performance, features and the tight area and power constraints of the on-chip domain. • Simulation and verification infrastructure must be put in place to explore, validate and optimize the NoC performance. • NoCs offer a huge design space, thanks to their extreme customizability in terms of topology and architectural parameters. Design tools are needed to prune this space and pick the best solutions. • Even more so given their global, distributed nature, it is essential to evaluate the physical implementation of NoCs to evaluate their suitability for next-generation designs and their area and power costs. This dissertation focuses on all of the above points, by describing a NoC architectural implementation called ×pipes; a NoC simulation environment within a cycle-accurate MPSoC emulator called MPARM; a NoC design flow consisting of a front-end tool for optimal NoC instantiation, called SunFloor, and a set of back-end facilities for the study of NoC physical implementations. This dissertation proves the viability of NoCs for current and upcoming designs, by outlining their advantages (alongwith a fewtradeoffs) and by providing a full NoC implementation framework. It also presents some examples of additional extensions of NoCs, allowing e.g. for increased fault tolerance, and outlines where NoCsmay find further application scenarios, such as in stacked chips.

Collision Detection: Broad Phase Adaptation from Multi-Core to Multi-GPU Architecture

We present in this paper several contributions on the collision detection optimization centered on hardware performance. We focus on the broad phase which is the first step of the collision detection process and propose three new ways of parallelization of the well-known Sweep and Prune algorithm. We first developed a multi-core model takes into account the number of available cores. Multi-core architecture enables us to distribute geometric computations with use of multi-threading. Critical writing section and threads idling have been minimized by introducing new data structures for each thread. Programming with directives, like OpenMP, appears to be a good compromise for code portability. We then proposed a new GPU-based algorithm also based on the "Sweep and Prune" that has been adapted to multi-GPU architectures. Our technique is based on a spatial subdivision method used to distribute computations among GPUs. Results show that significant speed-up can be obtained by passing from 1 to 4 GPUs in a large-scale environment.

Active Testing for Face Detection and Localization

We provide a novel search technique which uses a hierarchical model and a mutual information gain heuristic to efficiently prune the search space when localizing faces in images. We show exponential gains in computation over traditional sliding window approaches, while keeping similar performance levels.

Fetal megacystis: experience of a single tertiary center in Switzerland over 20 years

OBJECTIVES Megacystis (MC) is rare and often associated with other structural and chromosomal anomalies. In euploid cases with early oligohydramnios, prognosis is poor mainly due to pulmonary hypoplasia and renal damage. We report our experience of the past 20 years. METHODS A retrospective review of cases with prenatally diagnosed MC was performed. Complete prenatal as well as postnatal medical records from 1989 to 2009 were reviewed focusing on diagnostic precision, fetal interventions [vesicocentesis (VC), vesicoamniotic shunt (VAS)], short- and long-term outcome, and potential prognostic factors. RESULTS 68 cases were included. Follow-up was available in 54 cases (9 girls and 45 boys including 3 cases with aneuploidy). We found 39 isolated MC at sonography (5 girls and 34 boys). 24 fetuses with isolated MC underwent VC and VAS at 19.6 ± 6.3 and 20 ± 4.9 weeks of gestation, respectively. Survival rate was higher in male than in female fetuses (51 vs. 33%). Renal problems occurred in 4/14 prenatally treated fetuses and in 1/10 when cases with prune belly syndrome (PBS) were excluded from the analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that a careful selection of cases with MC excluding fetuses with PBS and early treatment has still the potential to improve outcome.