146 resultados para Provocation


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Ce mémoire aborde la question des fondements moraux de la défense de provocation. Les concepts actuellement utilisés pour analyser ces fondements sont habituellement ceux de justification et d'excuse. À notre avis, la défense de provocation doit plutôt être interprétée comme une articulation particulière des principes gouvernant la détermination de la peine. Les deux premiers chapitres seront consacrés respectivement au concept de justification et d'excuse, et auront pour objet d'écarter leur paradigme de l'analyse des fondements de la défense de provocation. Le troisième chapitre montre comment il est possible de conceptualiser le moyen de défense comme une articulation des principes de détermination de la peine.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the colonoscopic allergen provocation (COLAP) test as a new tool for the diagnosis of IgE-mediated food allergy. METHODS: Oral food challenges as well as COLAP testing were performed in a colony of nine research dogs with proven immediate-type food allergic reactions. In addition, COLAP was performed in five healthy dogs. RESULTS: When compared with the oral challenge test, COLAP accurately determined 18 of 23 (73 per cent) positive oral challenge reactions (73 per cent) in dogs with food allergies and was negative in the healthy dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The accuracy of this new test may be higher than that for gastric sensitivity testing. Therefore, COLAP holds promise as a new test to confirm the diagnosis of suspect IgE-mediated food allergy in dogs.

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At head of title: Pierre-Alype.

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Background: Observation of the occurrence of protective muscle activity is advocated in assessment of the peripheral nervous system by means of neural provocation tests. However, no studies have yet demonstrated abnormal force generation in a patient population. Objectives: To analyze whether aberrations in shoulder girdle-elevation force during neural tissue provocation testing for the median nerve (NTPTI) can be demonstrated, and whether possible aberrations can be normalized following cervical mobilization. Study Design: A single-blind randomized comparative controlled study. Setting: Laboratory setting annex in a manual therapy teaching practice. Participants: Twenty patients with unilateral or bilateral neurogenic cervicobrachial pain. Methods: During the NTPTI, we used a load cell and electrogoniometer to record continuously the shoulder-girdle elevation force in relation to the available range of elbow extension. Following randomization, we analyzed the immediate treatment effects of a cervical contralateral lateral glide mobilization technique (experimental group) and therapeutic ultrasound (control group). Results: On the involved side, the shoulder-girdle elevation force occur-red earlier, and the amount of force at the end of the test was substantially, though not significantly, greater than that on the uninvolved side at the corresponding range of motion. Together with a significant reduction in pain perception after cervical mobilization, a clear tendency toward normalization of the force curve could be observed, namely, a significant decrease in force generation and a delayed onset. The control group demonstrated no differences. Conclusions: Aberrations in force generation during neural, provocation testing are present in patients with neurogenic pain and can be normalized with appropriate treatment modalities.

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Provocative advertising is characterized by a deliberate attempt to gain attention through shock. This research investigates the reactions of individuals to a provocative appeal for a cause as opposed to a provocative advertisement for a standard consumer product, using mild erotica as the element of provocative imagery. An experiment using 391 adult subjects was conducted, and two analyses were performed. The first examined the effect of stimulus type (mildly erotic/nonerotic) by product category (cause appeal/consumer product) on attitude to the ad. The second examined the effect of stimulus type (mildly erotic/nonerotic) by cause (AIDS [acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]/SIDS [sudden infant death syndrome]) on corporate image. Both analyses also included gender as a third independent variable. The results suggest that people prefer mildly erotic ads generally, that an organization using mild erotica in appeals for a cause will be viewed more favorably where the erotica is congruent with the cause, and that women may be more responsive to mild erotica in cause appeals than are men.

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PURPOSE. To assess systemic and ocular vascular reactivity in response to warm and cold provocation in untreated patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and normal control subjects. METHODS. Twenty-four patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and 22 normal control subjects were subjected to a modified cold pressor test involving immersion of the right hand in 40°C warm water followed by 4°C cold water exposure, and finger and ocular blood flow were assessed by means of peripheral laser Doppler flowmetry and retinal flowmetry, respectively. Finger and body temperature as well as intraocular pressure, systemic blood pressure, systemic pulse pressure, heart rate, and ocular perfusion pressure were also monitored. RESULTS. The patients with glaucoma demonstrated an increase in diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.023), heart rate (P = 0.010), and mean ocular perfusion pressure (P = 0.039) during immersion of the tested hand in 40°C water. During cold provocation, the patients demonstrated a significant decrease in finger (P = 0.0003) and ocular blood flow (the parameter velocity measured at the temporal neuroretinal rim area; P = 0.021). Normal subjects did not demonstrate any blood flow or finger temperature changes during immersion of the tested hand in 40°C water (P > 0.05); however, they exhibited increases in systolic blood pressure (P = 0.034) and pulse pressure (P = 0.0009) and a decrease in finger blood flow (P = 0.0001) during cold provocation. In normal subjects, the ocular blood flow was unchanged during high- and low-temperature challenge. CONCLUSIONS. Cold provocation elicits a different blood pressure, and ocular blood flow response in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma compared with control subjects. These findings suggest a systemic autonomic failure and ocular vascular dysregulation in POAG patients.

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Purpose: To to evaluate the benefit of bilinear and linear fitting to characterize the retinal vessel dilation to flicker light stimulation for the purpose of risk stratification in cardiovascular disease. Methods: Forty-five patients (15 with coronary artery disease (CAD), 15 with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and 15 with CAD and DM) all underwent contact tonometry, digital blood pressure measurement, fundus photography, retinal vessel oximetry, static retinal vessel analysis and continous retinal diameter assessment using the retinal vessel analyser (and flicker light provocation). In addition we measured blood glucose (HbA1c) and keratinin levels in DM patients. Results: With increased severity of cardiovascular disease a more linear reaction profile of retinal arteriolar diameter to flicker light provocation can be observed. Conclusion: Absolute values of vessel dilation provide only limited information on the state of retinal arteriolar dilatory response to flicker light. The approach of bilinear fitting takes into account the immediate response to flicker light provocation as well as the maintained dilatory capacity during prolonged stimulation. Individuals with cardiovascular disease however show a largely linear reaction profile indicating an impairment of the initial rapid dilatory response as usually observed in healty individuals

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Purpose: To determine the response of retinal vessels to differing durations of flicker light (FL) sitmulation. Methods: We recorded retinal arterial and venous vessel dilation to 12.5 Hz flicker light provocation (Retinal Vessel Analyzer, Imedos Systems) of varying duration (5, 7, 10 and 20 seconds) in twelve healthy young individuals (age range 26-45 yrs). All participants underwent a full ocular examination including intraocular pressure and blood pressure measurements. Results: Maximum dilation (MD) did not show a significant dependence on flicker duration in arteries whereas maximum constriction (MC) did. However, in veins MD significantly increased with flicker duration. Approximately 80-90% of MD in arteries is reached within 10 seconds of flicker light stimulation. Conclusions: The vast majority of arterial dilatory capacity is reached within 10 seconds of flicker light stimulation even though venous dilation continues strongly. Since the MC of arteries shows a significant dependence on flicker duration measurements at two different durations can provide more information about the retinal vascular system than at a single flicker duration alone.

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Cet essai se divisera en deux parties. D'une part, nous tenterons de situer la provocation parmi les différents appels publicitaires. Ensuite nous étudierons la provocation et ses différentes composantes (Vézina et Paul, 1994) à l'intérieur d'un modèle spécifique de persuasion. Dans un premier temps, la provocation sera donc comparée, de façon quantitative aux autres appels répertoriés ci-dessus. L'objectif de cette étape est de pouvoir saisir et établir une base de comparaison sur les différentes perceptions des consommateurs de la provocation par rapport aux autres appels et de plus, vérifier si les composantes suggérées par Vézina et Paul (1994) sont bel et bien présentes dans le concept de provocation. La première étape de cet essai a aussi pour but la sélection d'annonces spécifiques pour la bonne marche de la deuxième étape de l'essai. La deuxième étude, quant à elle, est le coeur du présent ouvrage. Elle mesurera l'usage de la provocation auprès des différentes composantes du modèle intégrateur qui sera proposé ultérieurement. Cette étape permettra de déterminer l'impact de la provocation et de ses composantes sur l'attitude envers l'annonce (variable médiatrice du modèle) et l'attitude envers la marque (dimension affective), de même que l'intention d'achat. Une section répertoriera, analysera et traitera des réponses cognitives suscitées par les annonces sélectionnées afin de mesurer la dimension cognitive du modèle présenté. L'essai tentera de répondre à des besoins autant théoriques que pragmatiques. Nous tenterons de faire la lumière sur l'utilisation de la provocation en publicité imprimée de même que ses implications pour les gestionnaires en publicité.

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La distinction, l'ambiguïté, et la transgression de tabous sont les caractéristiques d'une publicité basée sur la provocation. L'ambiguïté d'un tel message publicitaire fait en sorte qu'il fait l'objet de plusieurs interprétations par les consommateurs. Ceci se traduit donc par une diversité de "lectures" possibles d'une même annonce publicitaire, chacune d'elles étant unique et personnelle. Afin de les identifier et d'en expliquer les différences, nous avons entrepris une étude qualitative. Nous avons opté pour des entrevues en profondeur durant lesquelles nous avons présenté les annonces "HIV positive" de Benetton à dix personnes ayant une implication différente par rapport à la maladie du sida, à savoir trois personnes hétérosexuelles, trois personnes homosexuelles et enfin quatre personnes séropositives. Les résultats auxquels nous avons abouti, nous ont permis de vérifier l'hypothèse selon laquelle une annonce publicitaire basée sur la provocation est un texte "fermé" c'est-à-dire qu'elle donne lieu à plusieurs interprétations possibles. Les différences qui existent entre celles-ci peuvent être expliquées en partie par la notion de "co-création" du sens. En effet, une audience est active dans la mesure où elle se réfère à des éléments personnels et culturels lors de la "lecture" d'une annonce publicitaire ; ils sont donc en partie à l'origine des différences d'interprétation. Par ailleurs, nous n'avons pas pu démontrer l'importance de la notion d'implication dans l'explication de la diversité des interprétations ; par contre nous avons pu remarquer qu'elle représente un élément qui influence la pratique de la "lecture" du message publicitaire. Enfin, nous avons pu constater qu'une annonce publicitaire basée sur la provocation, particulièrement celles de Benetton, représente une source d'interactions sociales pour nos répondants

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Rapport d'analyse d'intervention présenté à la Faculté des arts et sciences en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise ès sciences (M. Sc.) en psychoéducation.

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Rapport d'analyse d'intervention présenté à la Faculté des arts et sciences en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise ès sciences (M. Sc.) en psychoéducation.