Proving the suitability of magnetoelectric stimuli for tissue engineering applications

A novel approach for tissue engineering applications based on the use of magnetoelectric materials is presented. This work proves that magnetoelectric Terfenol-D/poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) composites are able to provide mechanical and electrical stimuli to MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells and that those stimuli can be remotely triggered by an applied magnetic field. Cell proliferation is enhanced up to 25% when cells are cultured under mechanical (up to 110 ppm) and electrical stimulation (up to 0.115 mV), showing that magnetoelectric cell stimulation is a novel and suitable approach for tissue engineering allowing magnetic, mechanical and electrical stimuli.

Parameter identification of the fermentative production of fructo-oligosaccharides by Aureobasidium pullulans

In this study, a mathematical model for the production of Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) by Aureobasidium pullulans is developed. This model contains a relatively large set of unknown parameters, and the identification problem is analyzed using simulation data, as well as experimental data. Batch experiments were not sufficiently informative to uniquely estimate all the unknown parameters, thus, additional experiments have to be achieved in fed-batch mode to supplement the missing information. © 2015 IEEE.

Semipermeable capsules wrapping a multifunctional and self-regulated co-culture microenvironment for osteogenic differentiation

A new concept of semipermeable reservoirs containing co-cultures of cells and supporting microparticles is presented, inspired by the multi-phenotypic cellular environment of bone. Based on the deconstruction of the â stem cell nicheâ , the developed capsules are designed to drive a self-regulated osteogenesis. PLLA microparticles functionalized with collagen I, and a co-culture of adipose stem (ASCs) and endothelial (ECs) cells are immobilized in spherical liquified capsules. The capsules are coated with multilayers of poly(L-lysine), alginate, and chitosan nano-assembled through layer-by-layer. Capsules encapsulating ASCs alone or in a co-culture with ECs are cultured in endothelial medium with or without osteogenic differentiation factors. Results show that osteogenesis is enhanced by the co-encapsulation, which occurs even in the absence of differentiation factors. These findings are supported by an increased ALP activity and matrix mineralization, osteopontin detection, and the up regulation of BMP-2, RUNX2 and BSP. The liquified co-capsules also act as a VEGF and BMP-2 cytokines release system. The proposed liquified capsules might be a valuable injectable self-regulated system for bone regeneration employing highly translational cell sources.

Automatic low baseline stereo in urban areas

In this work we propose a new automatic methodology for computing accurate digital elevation models (DEMs) in urban environments from low baseline stereo pairs that shall be available in the future from a new kind of earth observation satellite. This setting makes both views of the scene similarly, thus avoiding occlusions and illumination changes, which are the main disadvantages of the commonly accepted large-baseline configuration. There still remain two crucial technological challenges: (i) precisely estimating DEMs with strong discontinuities and (ii) providing a statistically proven result, automatically. The first one is solved here by a piecewise affine representation that is well adapted to man-made landscapes, whereas the application of computational Gestalt theory introduces reliability and automation. In fact this theory allows us to reduce the number of parameters to be adjusted, and tocontrol the number of false detections. This leads to the selection of a suitable segmentation into affine regions (whenever possible) by a novel and completely automatic perceptual grouping method. It also allows us to discriminate e.g. vegetation-dominated regions, where such an affine model does not apply anda more classical correlation technique should be preferred. In addition we propose here an extension of the classical ”quantized” Gestalt theory to continuous measurements, thus combining its reliability with the precision of variational robust estimation and fine interpolation methods that are necessary in the low baseline case. Such an extension is very general and will be useful for many other applications as well.

Profilage de la cocaïne : approche inter laboratoires

Introduction Actuellement, les projets européens concernant l'harmonisation des méthodes de profilage se concentrent principalement sur les drogues de type synthétique telles que les ecstasy et les dérivés de la phényléthylamine [Aalberg L. et al. 2005, Aalberg L. et al. 2005, SMT Project 2001, CHAMP Project 2003]. Néanmoins, d'après le rapport annuel 2005 de l'Agence Européenne des Drogues (EMCDDA), la cocaïne est devenue un élément majeur du paysage européen des stupéfiants. De même, les dernières statistiques de l'Office Fédéral de la Police Suisse montrent que les saisies de cocaïne ont quasiment doublé entre 2003 et 2004 pour atteindre des quantités jamais vues auparavant. Le 7ème programme cadre européen, pour la recherche et le développement technologique, propose d'ailleurs un sujet concernant «la détermination et le pistage des composés utilisés lors de la production de certaines substances ». La cocaïne est donc devenue un thème prioritaire en Europe et l'utilisation des méthodes de profilage est un moyen puissant pour établir des liens entre des saisies. Les méthodes de profilage de la cocaïne sont utilisées par quelques laboratoires mais il y a peu ou quasiment pas d'échange d'informations aussi bien concernant les données obtenues que les méthodes utilisées afin d'améliorer la lutte contre le trafic de stupéfiants. Aucune recherche relative à l'harmonisation des méthodes entre deux laboratoires n'a été réalisée à ce jour. Le projet Interreg IIIA avait pour objectif de fournir du renseignement forensique en matière de stupéfiants, plus précisément dans ce cas à la frontière franco-suisse. Le processus de profilage repose sur deux phases interconnectées. La première est consacrée au développement de la méthode analytique permettant l'extraction d'une signature chimique (alcaloïdes et autres composés d'origine, solvants, produits de coupage) ou physique (conditionnement) du produit illicite. La seconde se focalise sur l'intégration des résultats dans un but d'utilisation par les forces de police. Cette recherche s'est tout d'abord focalisée sur le profilage des alcaloïdes en optimisant et en validant la méthode analytique élaborée à l'IPS sur un même GC-FID [Guéniat O. 2004 et Esseiva P. 2004]. Ensuite, la méthode a été étendue à une comparaison de spécimens analysés sur deux appareils différents. Finalement, afin de tester les résultats obtenus par l'analyse des alcaloïdes, une méthode indépendante, la Statique Headspace couplée à un GC-FID, a été, utilisée pour le profilage des solvants. En effet, de nombreux solvants sont utilisés lors de la production de la cocaïne et il doit donc aussi, a priori, être possible d'établir des liens sur la base de cette analyse. Les informations fournies par ces deux méthodes ainsi que leur complémentarité ont été investiguées.

Islam Bogotá: presencia inicial y diversidad

El texto se centra en el estudio de las comunidades musulmanas de Bogotá. Como tal, se hace referencia a las tendencias de pensamiento religioso que las distinguen dentro de la diversidad existente en el Mundo Islámico, pero especialmente se hace énfasis en sus actividades, prácticas cotidianas, formas de organización y relación con el entorno social de la ciudad. El trabajo es fruto del estudio realizado por la Línea de Historia y Estudio Comparado de las Religiones del Centro de Estudios Teológicos y de las Religiones de la Universidad del Rosario, entre los musulmanes de la ciudad durante los años 2007 - 2008. El texto, que se dirige a un público amplio, no especializado en el tema, ofrece una base introductoria al Islam como hecho religioso, social y cultural, así como a la manera en la que los musulmanes viven su cotidianidad, con el fin de preparar a los lectores para comprender de manera adecuada los pormenores del estudio realizado. Así mismo, se enmarca el fenómeno de las comunidades musulmanas en la ciudad dentro de una traducción histórica, pero también dentro de unos ejes de influencia que los relacionan con otras regiones del mundo y del continente.

Design meetings and the coordination of expertise

The coordination of work and expertise in construction projects is often treated in terms of models or formal rules. However, much is to be gained, if we are to understand it, by examining actual coordination practices. The objective in this article is to address practices of coordination of expertise in the context of design team meetings. The focus is specifically on conversational practices between the structural engineer and the landscape architect part of the design team in a healthcare infrastructure project. The central argument is that the coordination of expertise relied on and was organised by mundane and everyday methods, and not by formal and abstract ones. This argument is drawn from ethnomethodology, a form of sociological analysis that focuses on the situated methods by which activities are produced, but shares concerns found in the literature on actual project management practices. The ethnomethodological stance, however, offers a different perspective on the significance of the empirical reality of projects and a possibility to incorporate within this literature a concern with the ordinary methodical organisation of project activities.

Cutaneous Resistance to Evaporative Water Loss in Brazilian Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from Contrasting Environments

Influenced by taxonomic position. For example, bufonids are regarded as exhibiting a permeable skin that seems typical for terrestrial anurans. However, this assumption is supported by information on only four bufonid species; therefore, the enormous ecological diversity of the family remains poorly Investigated. To assess whether variation in R(s) within related bufonids correlates with environmental aridity, we measured area-specific rates of EWL of two Brazilian populations of Rhinella granulosa (previously Bufo granulosus), one from the Atlantic Forest and other from the semi-arid Caatinga, and compared both with the forest species R. ornato. Rhinella granulosa from the Atlantic Forest had higher cutaneous resistance than conspecifics from Caatinga and R. ornata. Rhinella ornato presented the lowest cutaneous resistance values. However, Rs were very close to zero In all three populations. We conclude that enhanced Rs is not part of the suite of traits allowing R. granulosa to exploit the Caatinga, and that variation in R(s) within bufonids may relate to traits other than water conservation. Some Information on microhabitat occupation and ventral skin morphology supports the idea that exceptional abilities for detecting and taking up water may be the key factors enhancing the survival of R. granulosa, and possibly other bufonids, in xeric environments.

Occurrence and abundance of diatoms at DSDP Holes 72-515B and 72-516F

Samples from the upper Oligocene and lower Miocene of Holes 515B (Brazil Basin) and 516F (Rio Grande Rise) were examined for fossil marine diatom content. The preservation of the diatoms was poor and the species diversity low in both holes. However, it was possible to zone portions of the intervals studied using the zonation proposed by Gombos and Ciesielski (1983), which is based, as far as possible, on common and robust species. Thus, the interval in Hole 515B represented by Cores 515B-15 and 515B-16 is assigned to the Coscinodiscus rhombicus Zone and the interval represented by Cores 515B-17 through 515B-44 is assigned to the Rocella gelida Zone. The C. rhombicus Zone is early Miocene in age and the R. gelida Zone is late Oligocene to early Miocene in age. In Hole 516F the interval represented by Cores 516F-6 through 516F-10 is assigned to the R. gelida Zone Gate Oligocene to early Miocene), and the interval represented by Cores 516F-11 through 516F-15 is assigned to the Triceratium groningensis Zone (late Oligocene). Two new fossil diatom taxa are defined herein: Coscinodiscus lewisianus Greville f. concavus n. f. and Rocella semigelida n. sp.