Uma abordagem anotativa para gerência de variabilidade em linhas de processos de software: concepção, implementação e avaliação

Nowadays, the importance of using software processes is already consolidated and is considered fundamental to the success of software development projects. Large and medium software projects demand the definition and continuous improvement of software processes in order to promote the productive development of high-quality software. Customizing and evolving existing software processes to address the variety of scenarios, technologies, culture and scale is a recurrent challenge required by the software industry. It involves the adaptation of software process models for the reality of their projects. Besides, it must also promote the reuse of past experiences in the definition and development of software processes for the new projects. The adequate management and execution of software processes can bring a better quality and productivity to the produced software systems. This work aimed to explore the use and adaptation of consolidated software product lines techniques to promote the management of the variabilities of software process families. In order to achieve this aim: (i) a systematic literature review is conducted to identify and characterize variability management approaches for software processes; (ii) an annotative approach for the variability management of software process lines is proposed and developed; and finally (iii) empirical studies and a controlled experiment assess and compare the proposed annotative approach against a compositional one. One study a comparative qualitative study analyzed the annotative and compositional approaches from different perspectives, such as: modularity, traceability, error detection, granularity, uniformity, adoption, and systematic variability management. Another study a comparative quantitative study has considered internal attributes of the specification of software process lines, such as modularity, size and complexity. Finally, the last study a controlled experiment evaluated the effort to use and the understandability of the investigated approaches when modeling and evolving specifications of software process lines. The studies bring evidences of several benefits of the annotative approach, and the potential of integration with the compositional approach, to assist the variability management of software process lines

Avaliação de seis variedades de uvas sem sementes no Submédio São Francisco

This work aimed to study aspects related to vegetative and productive development of plants and characteristics and chemical components of bunches of six seedless grape varieties at environmental conditions of São Francisco river's valley, Northeastern Brazil. The experiment was carried out during 1997 and 1998. The varieties tested were grafted on IAC 572 ('Jales') rootstock. The experimental model utilized was totally randomized, and with parcels subdivided into different production cycles. The results showed significative differences among varieties at different pruning times. The average weight of bunches varied from 164.8 g for 'Marroo Seedless' and 203.5 g for 'Beauty Seedless'. The average diameter of berries was superior to 15.7 mm for all of the varieties. The total soluble solids varied from 14.05°Brix in 'Canner' to 19.6°Brix in 'Venus'. The total titratable acidity (ATT) was lower than 0.91 g tartaric acid/100 mL of juice. The ratio SST/ATT varied from 19.05 in 'Beauty Seedless' to 28.57 in 'Vênus'. 'Vênus' and 'Marroo Seedless' were the most productive varieties, with the average annual production of 24 ton/ha and 20 ton/ha, respectively.

Birds of Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil: Do humans add or subtract species?

In uplands and lowlands of Santa Teresa, central Espírito Santo State, Brazil, 405 bird species were confirmed by field, museum, and literature studies. Of these, 16 seem to have disappeared, while 67 other species seem to have been lost from the lowlands (where no large biological reserves exist). Due to a suggestion that human areas add species to beta-diversity, we verified that up to 79 species now present have perhaps invaded with human activity (and 10 others are likely to invade), a total similar to that for lost species. However, lost species are often rare and invading species often widespread, resulting in exchange of Picassos for Coca-Cola bottles. Furthermore, gains exceed losses only when large biological reserves are present, as in the uplands (Nova Lombardia, Santa Lucia Reserves, each with over 250 species). Small or irregular reserves usually lose well over half their species, and these are only partly replaced by the invaders, resulting in net losses of up to half the local avifaunas. If one lists only 31 probable invaders, rather than a possible 79, things are even worse; net losses occur even in the entire township and near reserves, reaching over 200 species around lowland private reserves. Future productive development of human areas can eliminate or maltreat many invading species, too. While approving taxes on improductive use of land, as it leaves other areas free, we suggest that many current local uses, such as for coffee, are luxury production and could, be taxed.

Social Panorama of Latin America 2010

Includes bibliography

"Tablero de comando" para la promoción de los biocombustibles en Colombia

Incluye Bibliografía

Biocombustibles y comercio internacional: una perspectiva latinoamericana

Incluye Bibliografía

Trade, poverty and complementary policies in Latin America

Includes bibliography

Science and technology policies in open economies: the case of Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

Asymmetries and cooperation in the Free Trade Area of the Americas

Includes bibliography

Economic paradigms and the role of the State in Latin America

Includes bibliography

Transport planning and its impact on city competitiveness

The economic and productive development of a region is closely tied to its transport infrastructure. Adequate transport infrastructure enables companies to increase their production levels as a result of lowered logistical costs, inventory savings and access to larger supply and labour markets. The competitiveness of a city depends on elements of its economy and other aspects such as social disciplines. Despite being a rather broadly defined concept, it is widely used to categorise and compare cities, projecting the image of a prosperous city in the public eye. The aim of this issue of the Bulletin is to identify the role played by investments in transport in the competitiveness of a specific city and to demonstrate the need for adequate transport planning to ensure that economic development does not interfere with the quality of life of city dwellers.

ECLAC Notes Nº 39

Foreign Direct Investment Rose 44% in 2004 Integration In South America's Natural Gas Industry Opinion by José Luis Machinea: Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America: the Need to Sustain the Past Year's Recovery and Achieve Greater Benefits Highlights: Development Banks and Financing for Productive Development Indicators Poverty and Precarious Housing in Latin American Cities Recent Titles Calendar

ECLAC Notes Nº 35

Productive development in open economies OPINION by José Luis Machinea Regional integration will improve international participation Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean have "three speed" economies Public-private alliance proposed to improve regional infrastructure Latin America and the Caribbean are behind in research and development New social cohesion covenant for the region Industrial legacy key to Puerto Rico's economic development Statistical Appendix Recent Titles Calendar

Dinâmica no uso da terra de 1991 a 2010 da região semiárida do estado do Piauí: cajucultura e apicultura

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Influencia de la intercepción lumínica en el desarrollo vegetativo y productivo de durazneros cv. Elegant Lady

El presente ensayo fue establecido en el Alto Valle del Río Negro, Argentina (38°55´ Sur), sobre durazneros cv. Elegant Lady conducidos en vaso, de 5 m de altura, con un distanciamiento de 4 m entre plantas y 4,8 m entre filas. Se realizaron tres tratamientos en un diseño totalmente aleatorizado, simulando diferentes intensidades de luz: restricción lumínica con mallas de sombreo del 80%, poda en verde y un control sin intervención. En cada una de las plantas se diferenciaron 4 sectores orientados hacia los 4 puntos cardinales y 3 alturas distintas de la copa del árbol. La radiación fotosintéticamente activa (RFA) fue medida en cada sector 25, 15 y 6 días antes de la cosecha. La RFA interceptada estuvo influenciada por la restricción lumínica y por la altura. Las variables vegetativas y de producción se relacionaron entre sí linealmente, y ambas dependieron principalmente de la RFA interceptada. Los modelos que explican el comportamiento entre la RFA y las variables de calidad son de tipo asintóticos. A partir de los 25 días anteriores a la cosecha, la RFA necesaria para alcanzar frutos con un peso y color adecuados para su comercialización debe ser del 30%. En el rango de 0 a 15% de RFA interceptada, pequeñas variaciones de RFA dan como resultado grandes cambios en las variables de peso, color de cobertura e intensidad de color del fruto.