Grants awarded by the National Center for the Prevention and Control of Rape : short summaries.

Mode of access: Internet.

Rape prevention and control : a new National Center.

Mode of access: Internet.

Fire prevention and control master planning guide /

Prepared under NFPCA grant no. 75006.

HIV/AIDS prevention and control and population/family planning : the potential for integration of programs and activities in sub-Saharan Africa /

"Report No. 91-146-141."

A citizen appraisal of community services for the prevention and control of delinquency in the City of Madison, Wisconsin,

Bibliography: p. 183-185.

Prevention and control of vector problems.

Mode of access: Internet.

A beginning blueprint for crime and delinquency prevention and control in Illinois.

"Chairman: Arthur J. Bilek."

Poria incrassata rot: prevention and control in buildings,

Bibliography: p. 24-27.

Grants; juvenile delinquency prevention and control act of 1968.

Period covered by report ends June 30.

America burning : the report of the National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control.

Appears to be the same as the original 1973 edition except for the larger size and the addition of the U.S. Fire Administration's single-page "Information Update" dated September 1989 and inserted between pages [viii] and ix. The information update presents corrections to certain statistical data.

Spatial and Functional Organization of Pig Trade in Different European Production Systems: Implications for Disease Prevention and Control

Understanding the complexity of live pig trade organization is a key factor to predict and control major infectious diseases, such as classical swine fever (CSF) or African swine fever (ASF). Whereas the organization of pig trade has been described in several European countries with indoor commercial production systems, little information is available on this organization in other systems, such as outdoor or small-scale systems. The objective of this study was to describe and compare the spatial and functional organization of live pig trade in different European countries and different production systems. Data on premise characteristics and pig movements between premises were collected during 2011 from Bulgaria, France, Italy, and Spain, which swine industry is representative of most of the production systems in Europe (i.e., commercial vs. small-scale and outdoor vs. indoor). Trade communities were identified in each country using the Walktrap algorithm. Several descriptive and network metrics were generated at country and community levels. Pig trade organization showed heterogeneous spatial and functional organization. Trade communities mostly composed of indoor commercial premises were identified in western France, northern Italy, northern Spain, and north-western Bulgaria. They covered large distances, overlapped in space, demonstrated both scale-free and small-world properties, with a role of trade operators and multipliers as key premises. Trade communities involving outdoor commercial premises were identified in western Spain, south-western and central France. They were more spatially clustered, demonstrated scale-free properties, with multipliers as key premises. Small-scale communities involved the majority of premises in Bulgaria and in central and Southern Italy. They were spatially clustered and had scale-free properties, with key premises usually being commercial production premises. These results indicate that a disease might spread very differently according to the production system and that key premises could be targeted to more cost-effectively control diseases. This study provides useful epidemiological information and parameters that could be used to design risk-based surveillance strategies or to more accurately model the risk of introduction or spread of devastating swine diseases, such as ASF, CSF, or foot-and-mouth disease.

Evaluation of preventative and control measures for congenital syphilis in State of Mato Grosso

Introduction Congenital syphilis is an important health problem in Brazil. This study assessed measures aimed at the prevention and control of syphilis in the State of Mato Grosso and its capital, Cuiabá. Methods A descriptive study cross-sectional and of time trends assessing the congenital syphilis was performed in Cuiabá and Mato Grosso between 2001 and 2011. We compared maternal sociodemographic characteristics and health care utilization related to cases of congenital syphilis during the periods from 2001 to 2006 and from 2007 to 2011. We assessed the temporal trends in this disease's incidence using a simple linear regression. Results Between 2001 and 2006 in Mato Grosso, 86.8% of the mothers who had live births with congenital syphilis received prenatal care, 90.6% presented with a nontreponemal test reagent at delivery, 96.2% had no information regarding a treponemal confirmatory test at delivery, and 77.6% received inadequate treatment for syphilis; additionally, 75.8% of their partners were not treated. There was a statistically significant reduction in prenatal visits (p = 0.004) and an increase in the proportion of mothers reactive to nontreponemal tests at delivery (p = 0.031) between the two periods. No other variables were found to differ significantly between the periods. In Cuiabá, we observed a similar distribution of variables. In the state and in the capital, the increasing trend of congenital syphilis was not statistically significant. Conclusions The high incidence of congenital syphilis in Mato Grosso and the low levels of health care indicators for pregnant women with syphilis suggest the need to improve the coverage and quality of prenatal care.

Epidemiology and control of malaria and other arthropod born diseases

Malaria and other arthropod born diseases remain a serious public health problem affecting the lives and health of certain social groups when the two basic strategies to control fail due to : (1) the lack of effective chemoprophylaxis/chemotherapy or the rapid development of drug resistance of the infectious agents and (2) the ineffectiveness of pesticides or the arthropod vectors develop resistance to them. These situations enhances the need for the design and implementation of other alternatives for sustainable health programmes. The application of the epidemiological methods is essential not only for analyzing the relevant data for the understanding of the biological characteristics of the infectious agents, their reservoirs and vectors and the methods for their control, but also for the assessment of the human behaviour, the environmental, social and economic factors involved in disease transmission and the capacity of the health systems to implement interventions for both changes in human behaviour and environmental management to purpose guaranteed prevention and control of malaria and other arthropod born diseases with efficiency, efficacy and equity. This paper discuss the evolution of the malaria arthropod diseases programmes in the American Region and the perspectives for their integration into health promotion programs and emphasis is made in the need to establish solid basis in the decision-making process for the selection of intervention strategies to remove the risk factors determining the probability to get sick or die from ABDs. The implications of the general planning and the polices to be adopted in an area should be analyzed in the light of programme feasibility at the local level, in the multisectoral context specific social groups and taking in consideration the principles of stratification and equity

Cumulative Costs of Caries Prevention and Treatment in Children - with Special Reference to Work Division and Cohort Effect

Lapsen karieshoidon kustannuskertymän muutokset ja karieshoidon toimintakäytäntöjen yhteys kustannuksiin Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli mitata terveyskeskuksessa hoidettavien lasten karieshoidon kumulatiivisia kustannuksia ja verrata niitä kahden erilaisen toimintatavan välillä. Lisäksi tarkasteltiin lasten hampaiden terveyttä. Tutkimus tehtiin julkisen palvelutuottajan näkökulmasta. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin Kemin ja Tornion terveyskeskusten suun terveydenhuollon potilaskertomuksista. Kemin kohortit 1980, 1983 ja 1986 (n = 600) ja Tornion kohortit 1980 ja 1992 (n = 400) edustivat perinteistä ja Kemin kohortit 1989, 1992 ja 1995 (n = 600) uutta toimintatapaa työnjaon ja ehkäisyn ajoituksen suhteen. Kohortteja ja kaupunkeja verrattiin hampaiden terveyden (dmft/DMFT = 0 ja dmft ja DMFT keskiarvot 5 ja 12 vuoden iässä) ja voimavarojen käytön suhteen. Panoskäyttö johdettiin käyntimäärien avulla laskennallisen työajan kautta. Kustannuskertymät muodostettiin käyttämällä henkilöstömenoista laskettuja suorittajakohtaisia yksikkökustannuksia. Panoskäytön ja yksikkökustannusten kautta muodostettiin kustannuskertymät. Kustannusten ja terveysvaikutusten suhteita arvioitiin kustannus-vaikuttavuusanalyysissä. Suuhygienistien työpanosta hyödyntävällä varhaisen ehkäisyn toimintamallilla saavutettiin vähäisemmin kustannuksin alle kouluiässä parempi ja kouluiässä yhtä hyvä hammasterveys kuin perinteisellä, enemmän hammaslääkärien työpanokseen perustuvalla tavalla. Karieksen hoitoon liittyvien käyntien määrä oli nuorimmissa syntymävuosikohorteissa pienempi kuin vanhimmissa kohorteissa. Käynnit hammaslääkärissä vähenivät eniten. Toimintatavalla oli merkittävä vaikutus lapsen karieshoidon kokonaiskustannuksiin. Herkkyysanalyysin mukaan karieshoidon kustannukset olivat työnjakoa hyödyntämällä kolmanneksen pienemmät, kuin jos hoidon suorittajana olisi ollut ainoastaan hammaslääkäri-hoitaja työpari. Lasten karieshoidon kustannusvaikuttavuus kohentui molemmissa terveyskeskuksissa nuoremmissa kohorteissa vanhempiin verrattuna. Suun terveydenhuollon potilaskertomuksia olisi hyödynnettävä toiminnan kehittämisessä. Varhaisen ehkäisyn avulla voitaisiin kaikkien suun terveydenhuollon ammattihenkilöiden työpanos kohdentaa kustannustehokkaasti.