Barroco, Modernismo, Neobarroco

Rubén Darío es el primer escritor en lengua castellana que reivindica sin matices y de manera plena la obra de Luis de Góngora. Su propuesta se encuentra plasmada en Cantos de vida y esperanza a través del tríptico de sonetos "Trébol" y el poema que abre el poemario ("Yo soy aquel que ayer no más decía"), en el cual confiesa que dos de sus grandes influencias son Góngora y Paul Verlaine. A partir de este diálogo inicial que establece Darío, la crítica ha insistido desde muy temprano sobre las afinidades que se encuentran entre el Modernismo y el Barroco. Pero debajo de las afinidades existen desde luego diferencias cruciales, que en este trabajo desarrollo a partir de tres ejes comparativos: la política, la religión y el lenguaje. Tras esta comparación, sostengo que el Modernismo, a través de Darío, arranca el Barroco de su suelo histórico y lo coloca en los dilemas y las contradicciones modernas del artista con la sociedad. Con esto, sienta las bases de lo que más tarde será el Neobarroco.

Naturaleza y cultura en la poesía del modernismo latinoamericano

Desde una constelación de poemas clave -"Caupolicán" (1888) de Rubén Darío, "Amor de ciudad grande" (1882) de José Martí y "En el campo" (1893) de Julián del Casal-, el análisis traza las diferencias en la articulación de una categoría fundante del siglo XIX latinoamericano en lo que va del romanticismo al modernismo. Si el concepto de "civilización" es el soporte del orden emergente que define roles sociales y nacionales en la nueva distribución global del XIX, su carácter intrínsecamente antinómico produce un racimo de oposiciones binarias -igualmente jerárquicas y valorativas- como cultura-naturaleza y ciudad-campo. Bajo estas condiciones, el romanticismo latinoamericano encontró en la nueva relación de la subjetividad con el entorno un camino para ensayar su estética, al re-culturizar el espacio natural para integrarlo al proceso de construcción de identidades nacionales. Desde las coordenadas de una fractura en esta tradición, los poemas del modernismo reconfiguran la antinomia entre naturaleza y cultura en una nueva inflexión que termina afectando los resortes de legitimación de un proyecto estético. En particular, nuestra hipótesis se aproxima al ritmo poético entendiéndolo como una fisura en la "ciudad letrada", el elemento propulsor de una nueva institución literaria que -mientras transforma el paradigma opositivo civilización-barbarie, original-copia, local-universal- contribuye a deslindar la autoridad del poeta modernista respecto del modelo del letrado tradicional

Barroco, Modernismo, Neobarroco

Rubén Darío es el primer escritor en lengua castellana que reivindica sin matices y de manera plena la obra de Luis de Góngora. Su propuesta se encuentra plasmada en Cantos de vida y esperanza a través del tríptico de sonetos "Trébol" y el poema que abre el poemario ("Yo soy aquel que ayer no más decía"), en el cual confiesa que dos de sus grandes influencias son Góngora y Paul Verlaine. A partir de este diálogo inicial que establece Darío, la crítica ha insistido desde muy temprano sobre las afinidades que se encuentran entre el Modernismo y el Barroco. Pero debajo de las afinidades existen desde luego diferencias cruciales, que en este trabajo desarrollo a partir de tres ejes comparativos: la política, la religión y el lenguaje. Tras esta comparación, sostengo que el Modernismo, a través de Darío, arranca el Barroco de su suelo histórico y lo coloca en los dilemas y las contradicciones modernas del artista con la sociedad. Con esto, sienta las bases de lo que más tarde será el Neobarroco.

Religaciones hispano-americanas en torno del 98 : Los usos de La Tempestad en el Modernismo (Darío y Rodó)

Con el 'Desastre' del 98, la reacción antiimperialista del Modernismo implicó una revisión de sus afiliaciones culturales. Como se sabe, han sido frecuentes las críticas al hispanismo y al latinismo desplegados en la escritura modernista en tanto síntomas de un persistente 'colonialismo'. Este trabajo analiza las relaciones establecidas entre los escritores latinoamericanos y españoles a partir de la Derrota del 98 -las cuales eran promovidas a su vez por el Hispanismo peninsular desde los festejos del IV Centenario en 1892- y el modo en que los Modernistas piensan los lazos con España ante una situación que confirmaba la hegemonía sajona y la 'decadencia latina'. En este contexto la lectura 'antiimperialista' de La Tempestad de Shakespeare ('El triunfo de Calibán' de Darío, el Ariel de Rodó) se transforma en un poderoso fenómeno de religación en torno del cual se debaten las relaciones con la ex-Madre Patria. Para los modernistas, según nuestra lectura, la unión con la intelectualidad hispana implicaba el fortalecimiento de un sistema literario común en el mercado internacionalizado de la letras. En tal sistema, resultaba evidente hacia el fin de siglo el liderazgo de Darío y la posibilidad de que los latinoamericanos compititieran con los españoles en pie de igualdad

Susana Zanetti y otros, Las cenizas de la huella. Linajes y figuras de artista en torno al modernismo. Rosario, Beatriz Viterbo Editora, 1997, 126 págs.

Fil: Basile, María Teresa Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Nuclear localization of NPR1 is required for activation of PR gene expression

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a broad-spectrum resistance in plants that involves the upregulation of a battery of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. NPR1 is a key regulator in the signal transduction pathway that leads to SAR. Mutations in NPR1 result in a failure to induce PR genes in systemic tissues and a heightened susceptibility to pathogen infection, whereas overexpression of the NPR1 protein leads to increased induction of the PR genes and enhanced disease resistance. We analyzed the subcellular localization of NPR1 to gain insight into the mechanism by which this protein regulates SAR. An NPR1–green fluorescent protein fusion protein, which functions the same as the endogenous NPR1 protein, was shown to accumulate in the nucleus in response to activators of SAR. To control the nuclear transport of NPR1, we made a fusion of NPR1 with the glucocorticoid receptor hormone binding domain. Using this steroid-inducible system, we clearly demonstrate that nuclear localization of NPR1 is essential for its activity in inducing PR genes.

Scaling of free convection heat transfer in a triangular cavity for Pr>1

Unsteady natural convection inside a triangular cavity subject to a non-instantaneous heating on the inclined walls in the form of an imposed temperature which increases linearly up to a prescribed steady value over a prescribed time is reported. The development of the flow from start-up to a steady-state has been described based on scaling analyses and direct numerical simulations. The ramp temperature has been chosen in such a way that the boundary layer is reached a quasi-steady mode before the growth of the temperature is completed. In this mode the thermal boundary layer at first grows in thickness, then contracts with increasing time. However, if the imposed wall temperature growth period is sufficiently short, the boundary layer develops differently. It is seen that the shape of many houses are isosceles triangular cross-section. The heat transfer process through the roof of the attic-shaped space should be well understood. Because, in the building energy, one of the most important objectives for design and construction of houses is to provide thermal comfort for occupants. Moreover, in the present energy-conscious society it is also a requirement for houses to be energy efficient, i.e. the energy consumption for heating or air-conditioning houses must be minimized.

Scaling analysis of the unsteady natural convection boundary layer adjacent to an inclined plate for Pr > 1 following instantaneous heating

The unsteady natural convection boundary layer adjacent to an instantaneously heated inclined plate is investigated using an improved scaling analysis and direct numerical simulations. The development of the unsteady natural convection boundary layer following instantaneous heating may be classified into three distinct stages including a start-up stage, a transitional stage and a steady state stage, which can be clearly identified in the analytical and numerical results. Major scaling relations of the velocity and thicknesses and the flow development time of the natural convection boundary layer are obtained using triple-layer integral solutions and verified by direct numerical simulations over a wide range of flow parameters.

Prandtl number scaling of the unsteady natural convection boundary layer adjacent to a vertical flat plate for Pr > 1 subject to ramp surface heat flux

It is found in the literature that the existing scaling results for the boundary layer thickness, velocity and steady state time for the natural convection flow over an evenly heated plate provide a very poor prediction of the Prandtl number dependency of the flow. However, those scalings provide a good prediction of two other governing parameters’ dependency, the Rayleigh number and the aspect ratio. Therefore, an improved scaling analysis using a triple-layer integral approach and direct numerical simulations have been performed for the natural convection boundary layer along a semi-infinite flat plate with uniform surface heat flux. This heat flux is a ramp function of time, where the temperature gradient on the surface increases with time up to some specific time and then remains constant. The growth of the boundary layer strongly depends on the ramp time. If the ramp time is sufficiently long, the boundary layer reaches a quasi steady mode before the growth of the temperature gradient is completed. In this mode, the thermal boundary layer at first grows in thickness and then contracts with increasing time. However, if the ramp time is sufficiently short, the boundary layer develops differently, but after the wall temperature gradient growth is completed, the boundary layer develops as though the startup had been instantaneous.

Structure and magnetotransport properties of the layered manganites REl.2Srl.8Mn,07(R E = La, Pr, Nd)

We have examined the magnetotransport properties and the structure, by Rietveld refinement of powder X-ray data, of the phases RE(1.2)Sr(1.8)Mn(2)O(7) (RE = La, Pr, Nd). We find that on cooling, La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7 undergoes a transition to a nearly perfect ferromagnet with 90% magnetization at 1.45 T, as reported by earlier workers, but the Pr and Nd phases show only a small magnetization that grows gradually as the temperature is decreased. There seems to be significant correlation between electrical transport and the Jahn-Teller elongation of the apical Mn-O bonds in these systems. The elongation of the apical Mn-O bonds forces the nine-coordinate rock-salt site to be occupied preferentially by the smaller rare-earth-metal cations. This preferential occupation is reliably obtained from the X-ray refinement. All three title phases show a magnetoresistance ratio of about 4(corresponding to a magnetoresistance, [R(0)-R(H)]/R(0), of about 75%) at a field of 7 T and temperatures around 100 K.

Codoping Effect of Zn and Pr in YBa2Cu3O7-delta

In this paper we present the resistivity data for Pr and Zn codoped compound Y1-xPrxBa2[Cu1-yZny](3)O7-delta with 0 < y < 0.1 and x = 0.0, 0.1 and 0.2. The data is analysed in terms of the superconducting critical temperature T-c, residual resistivity rho(0) and the resistivity slope d rho/dT corresponding to the linear rho-T region. It is found that for x = 0.1 Pr has a minimal influence on the in-plane processes for Zn impurity alone affecting slightly T-c and rho(0). The slope dp/dT becomes larger for 0.03 < y < 0.06 leading to larger depining effect and hence slower fall of T, as a function of y. For x = 0.2 there is a drastic change, rho(0) becomes abnormally large, d rho/dT becomes negative implying absence of depinning and a totally pinned charge stripes. Superconductivity vanishes at y = 0.03. It is concluded that for x = 0.2 Pr converts the system from overdoped to underdoped region leading to the universal superconductor-insulator transition.

Structure of the noncubic phase in the ferroelectric state of Pr-substituted SrTiO3

Sr1−xPrxTiO3 has recently been shown to exhibit ferroelectricity at room temperature. In this paper powder x-ray and neutron-diffraction patterns of this system at room temperature have been analyzed to show that the system exhibits cubic (Pm-3m) structure for x<=0.05 and tetragonal (I4/mcm) for x>0.05. The redundancy of the noncentrosymmetric structural model (I4cm) in the ferroelectric state suggests the absence of long-range ordered ferroelectric domains and supports the relaxor ferroelectric model for this system.

Juedisch-Buergerliches Leben in Koenigsberg/Pr. 1880-1945 1880-1945

M.A. Thesis for the University of Goettingen (1987).

SUBSTITUTIONAL EFFECT OF Zn AND Pr IN YBa2Cu3O7-delta

The co-doping effect of Zn and Pr impurities in the compound of composition Y1-xPrxBa2[Cu1-yZny](3)O7-delta with x = 0.1, x = 0.2 and 0 <= y <= 0.1 has been investigated by analyzing the results of electrical resistivity measurements. It is found that for Pr substitution at x = 0.1, there is a minimal influence on in-plane processes, thereby slightly affecting T-c and residual resistivity rho(0), but with the resistivity slope d rho/dT becoming large for the range of y from 0.03 to 0.06, leading to a larger depinning effect. For x = 0.2 a drastic change is observed whereby rho(0) becomes abnormally large, and d rho/dT becomes negative, implying totally pinned charge stripes and no depinning. The second observation therefore suggests that Pr substitution converts the overdoped system to an optimally doped system, leading to the universal superconductor-insulator transition.