Atividade reprodutiva de Physalaemus signifer (Anura, Leptodactylidae) em ambiente temporário

The breeding activity of Physalaemus signifer (Girard, 1853) was monitored from July 1999 to July 2000 in a temporary pond in Palmital, Municipality of Saquarema, State of Rio de Janeiro, Atlantic Rain Forest, Brazil. Males were sexually actives only in four nights, arriving at the pond on the early rainy season. Males in amplexus were larger and spent more nights in the reproductive aggregation than solitary ones. The number of nights was correlated with the mass of the males. Males adopted satellite behavior as alternative tactic for mate acquisition. Changes between calling and satellite tactics were observed in different nights. Calling males were not larger and heavier than satellite ones. Satellite behavior seemed to be related with the order of arrival on the pond. Size and mass of males did not influence the results of fights. Resident males won the majority of agonistics combats. Three types of vocalizations are described: advertisement, territorial, and encounter calls.

Extração, análise e distribuição dos ácidos fenólicos em genótipos pigmentados e não pigmentados de arroz (Oryza sativa L.)

Neste estudo, avaliaram-se a distribuição dos Compostos Fenólicos Totais (CFT) e o perfil de ácidos fenólicos, presentes nas frações, solúvel e insolúvel de dez genótipos de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) de pericarpo pigmentado e não pigmentado. Devido à sua elevada capacidade antioxidante, os compostos fenólicos vem sendo apontados como possíveis promotores da saúde. Grande parte corresponde aos ácidos fenólicos presentes no grão sob a forma solúvel (livre e conjugada) e insolúvel (ligada). Na literatura há poucas informações sobre a contribuição dos compostos fenólicos ligados, cujos teores são costumeiramente subestimados. Os CFT foram quantificados pelo método de Folin-Ciocalteau, enquanto os ácidos fenólicos por RP-HPLC. Na fração solúvel dos genótipos pigmentados, os teores de CFT foram variáveis, mas, em média, 5,7 vezes maiores do que nos não pigmentados (média de 3468 e 602 µg eq. Ácido Ferúlico (AF)/g arroz, respectivamente), principalmente devido à presença de antocianinas e proantocianidinas. Na fração insolúvel, os pigmentados apresentaram duas vezes mais CFT do que os não pigmentados (825 e 378 µg eq. AF/g arroz, respectivamente), provavelmente devido à retenção de antocianinas e proantocianidinas, mesmo após cinco extrações consecutivas. Dentre os ácidos fenólicos, o ácido ferúlico foi o principal componente em todos os genótipos estudados, exceto no arroz preto, no qual predominou o ácido protocatecóico.

On the identity of Hyla strigilata Spix, 1824 (Anura : Hylidae): redescription and neotype designation for a ghost taxon

Recent field work in Atlantic Rain Forest patches in the southern region of the State of Bahia, Brazil, resulted in the discovery of some populations of an unidentified species of the Scinax catharinae group. An extensive literature review, along with the examination of specimens and distribution patterns of all known species of this group, showed that Hyla strigilata Spix, 1824, a long confused species with lost type material, is an available name for the specimens from Bahia. In order to clarify the taxonomic problems surrounding this taxon, the nomenclatural history of Hyla strigilata is reviewed and a neotype is designated, described, and figured. The association of this name to extant populations from southern Bahia and its consequent stabilization is considered important since it is the type species of the genus Ololygon, a name available for the clade of Scinax catharinae. Data on habits, habitat, and geographic distribution are also presented.

Foam nest in Scinax rizibilis (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estratégias e modos reprodutivos de anuros (Amphibia) em uma poça permanente na Serra de Paranapiacaba, Sudeste do Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

New species of Hylodes from the Atlantic forest of Brazil (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae)

A new species of leptodactylid frog is described from Eldorado, state of Sao Paulo, southeastern Brazil. The new species is a member of the Hylodes lateristrigatus group and is characterized by its large size, slightly rugose to rugose dorsal skin texture, robust body, and high number of notes per call. Descriptions of the advertisement call and information on natural history are provided.

Escalated aggressive behaviour and facultative parental care in the nest building gladiator frog, Hyla faber

Agonistic encounters and facultative parental care in Hyla faber were observed in two localities in southeastern Brazil. Maximum male density was 0.9 and 3.3 males/m2 in Campinas and Ribeirão Branco, respectively. Aggression was escalated and the highly variable aggressive calls were specific to each phase of the encounter. The last, more aggressive phases rarely occurred in Campinas; in Ribeirão Branco they occurred frequently. Male parental care (egg attendance) was common in Ribeirão Branco while it was never observed in Campinas. Egg attendance lasted one to two nights and was observed only during high male density. The main benefit of egg attendance seemed to be avoiding nest intrusion by other males (sunken eggs and/or embryos invariably die). Males may build additional nests during egg attendance, but attending males did not attract females (they did not call).

Redescription of Physalaemus spiniger (Anura: Leptodactylidae) and description of two new reproductive modes

We redescribe Physalaemus spiniger and describe its tadpole and its reproductive modes. This species has the following three alternative reproductive modes: (1) foam nest on pond and feeding tadpoles in pond (the typical mode for the genus Physalaemus); (2) foam nest on humid places on the forest floor near a pond, and feeding tadpoles in pond; (3) foam nest on water accumulated on the axils of terrestrial bromeliads and feeding tadpoles in pond. These last two modes were not included in the reviews of reproductive modes in anurans. The vocalizations of P. spiniger are described and compared with the vocalizations of P. nanus, a sibling species.

Frogs of the genus Paratelmatobius (Anura: Leptodactylidae) with descriptions of two new species

Two new species of Paratelmatobius are described from the Atlantic Forest of Sao Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. The vocalization, tadpole, and natural history of one new species are described. Natural history observations of P. poecilogaster are reported, including the description of a specialized reproductive mode. Diagnoses, measurements, figures, color in life, and distributional data for the species of Paratelmatobius are provided.

New species of Phrynohyas from Atlantic rain forest of southeastern Brazil (Anura, Hylidae)

A new species of hylid frog is described from south of the State of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil in Atlantic rain forest. The new species is a member of the genus Phrynohyas and is characterized by snout rounded in dorsal view and nearly truncate in lateral view, small adhesive disks, fingers slightly webbed, nasal bones widely separated, and frontoparietals without medial articulation.

A new species of the Scinax catharinae Group (Anura: Hylidae) from Northeastern Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Factores determinantes en la eficiencia técnica de explotaciones de frijol

Se evaluó la eficiencia técnica de 30 explotaciones de frijol ubicadas en el estado Portuguesa, Venezuela, considerando cinco insumos y un producto, que fue relacionada con variables de tipo socioeconómico y geoespacial. Se empleó el método Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA), por sus siglas en inglés, con un modelo orientado al producto. Según los resultados, en promedio, la eficiencia técnica global (ETG) fue 81.2%, desglosada en una eficiencia técnica pura (ETP) de 86.0% y una eficiencia de escala (EE) de 95.1%. Las ineficiencias causadas por la tecnología son mayores que las generadas por un tamaño o escala de producción subóptimo. Según las metas de planificación se puede elevar la producción agregada de frijol en 23.1%, sin aumentar la cantidad de insumos aplicados actualmente. Las variables socioeconómicas y las de tipo geoespacial no determinaron los niveles de eficiencia técnica de las fincas.

Jerarquización de proyectos de vivienda del Instituto Regional de la Vivienda del Estado Portuguesa con el método Proceso Analítico Jerárquico

Se jerarquizó una cartera de diez proyectos de vivienda del INSTITUTO REGIONAL DE LA VIVIENDA en el estado Portuguesa con el método Proceso Analítico Jerárquico. Se recabó la opinión de cuatro grupos de interés. Las instituciones ejecutoras de políticas de vivienda y los beneficiarios son los grupos más importantes en la toma de decisiones; los criterios sociales recibieron una mayor ponderación que los técnicos y económicos, el subcriterio costo resultó dominante en las preferencias de los grupos de agentes decisores y el subcriterio demanda de mano de obra resultó el menos preferido. La jerarquización de la cartera de proyectos representó el consenso de la sociedad

Percepción de los indicadores de gestión de la empresa ELEOCCIDENTE

Para evaluar la percepción de los indicadores claves de gestión de la Gerencia de Comercialización de la empresa Eleoccidente-Zona Portuguesa por parte de los empleados, en el año 2006 se aplicó un cuestionario tipo Likert-5 de 36 ítems a una muestra aleatoria estratificada de 62 individuos pertenecientes a cada uno de los niveles administrativos que conforman la organización. Para analizar los resultados del cuestionario se discriminó a los trabajadores en grupos, en función de la jerarquía formal y, también, en función de las similitudes de sus perspectivas. En el primer caso, el personal fue clasificado atendiendo a su nivel administrativo mientras que en el segundo caso se aplicó un análisis cluster. Con base a los promedios de las puntuaciones se concluyó que no hubo diferencias importantes en la percepción de los indicadores de gestión en función de los grupos jerárquicos formales, pero cuando se conformaron grupos informales las diferencias estadísticas se hicieron evidentes en la mayoría de los indicadores.