Chromosomal analysis of the leptodactylids Pleurodema diplolistris and Physalaemus nattereri (Amphibia, Anura)

Detailed characterizations of the karyotypes of the Brazilian leptodactylid frogs Pleurodema diplolistris, the only species of Pleurodema not studied cytogenetically so far, and Physalaemus nattereri, a species in the Ph. biligonigerus group, are presented. Both karyotypes had 2n = 22 and their chromosomes had a very similar morphology, except for pair 11, which was metacentric in Pl. diplolistris and telocentric in Ph. nattereri. The localization of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) and heterochromatic bands allowed the differentiation of chromosomes that were morphologically indistinguishable between these species, such as pairs 1, 3 and 10, which showed interstitial C-bands in Ph. nattereri, and pair 8, that had an NOR and an adjacent C-band in Pl. diplolistris. Pair 8 also has NOR-bearing chromosomes in many other Pleurodema species. However, in these species, the NOR is located proximal to the centromere on the short arm, while in Pl. diplolistris it occurred distally on the long arm, a condition that may be considered a derived state. In Ph. nattereri, the NOR occurred on chromosome I 1 and differed from the other species of the Ph. biligonigerus group. In contrast, C-banding revealed a heterochromatic block near the centromere on the short arm of pair 3, a characteristic common to all members of this group of Physalaemus.

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites for the natural populations of barker frog Physalaemus cuvieri

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

THE TADPOLE of PHYSALAEMUS MOREIRAE (ANURA: LEIUPERIDAE)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The tadpole of Physalaemus jordanensis Bokermann, 1967 (Anura, Leiuperidae) from Campos do Jordao, Serra da Mantiqueira, Southeastern Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Redescription of Physalaemus spiniger (Anura: Leptodactylidae) and description of two new reproductive modes

We redescribe Physalaemus spiniger and describe its tadpole and its reproductive modes. This species has the following three alternative reproductive modes: (1) foam nest on pond and feeding tadpoles in pond (the typical mode for the genus Physalaemus); (2) foam nest on humid places on the forest floor near a pond, and feeding tadpoles in pond; (3) foam nest on water accumulated on the axils of terrestrial bromeliads and feeding tadpoles in pond. These last two modes were not included in the reviews of reproductive modes in anurans. The vocalizations of P. spiniger are described and compared with the vocalizations of P. nanus, a sibling species.

Little cicada of sugarcane Mahanarva posticata (Homoptera: Cercopidae). A Brazilian agricultural pest. Morpho-histological study of salivary glands

Little cicadas are homopteran insect pests of sugarcane plantations. As these insects suck out the sap from the leaf parenchyma, they inoculate a toxic saliva that damages the plant vessels, thus promoting the loss of glucose by the affected plant. The morphological and histological analyses of the salivary glands of the little cicada Mahanarva posticata, revealed that these glands are formed by 2 portions: one portion comprises a group of acini and has been denominated as the principal gland; the second portion is filamentous in nature and has been denominated as the accessory gland; it is formed by very long and fine filaments. The acinous portion of the gland can be subdivided into 2 lobes: an anterior lobe formed by 3 lobules (I, II, III), and a posterior lobe formed by lobule IV and the excretory duct. Histologically, the salivary glands showed that the filaments are empty sutructures composed by several internal channels with secretion granules being observed in the cytoplasm of the cells of the secretory filaments. Lobules I and II of the principal gland are characterized by being highly basophilic and for accumulating a large amount of secretion in both the cytoplasm of the cells and inside secretion vesicles. Histochemically, we verified that the secretion produced by these glands is lipidic and protein in nature, with the production of polysaccharides being very low. The differences in stain and appearance of the different regions of the salivary gland lead us to believe that the final glandular product is lipoproteic in nature.

Efeito da heterogeneidade ambiental na predação de girinos de Scinax fuscovarius e Physalaemus cuvieri por larvas de Odonata

The objective of this work were to analyze the effect of predation by Odonata naiads on two amphibian species with distinct habits - benthic and mid-water -and to verify whether the presence and architecture of macrophytes can mediate this interaction. All tadpoles and Odonata larvae were captured in a temporary pond. Sixteen tanks were used for three different treatments: Pistia, Salvinia and no macrophytes. Ten tadpoles of each species and two Odonata larvae were placed in each tank. The survival of tadpoles according to treatments was assessed through analysis of repeated measures. We concluded that the survival of P. cuvieri and S. fuscovarius tadpoles was not affected by the presence and architecture of the macrophytes (Pistia and Salvinia) or by their behavior.

Reproductive biology of an endemic Physalaemus of the Brazilian Atlantic forest, and the trade-of between clutch and egg size in terrestrial breeders of the P. signifer group

Physalaemus crombiei is a small foam-nesting frog endemic to the Atlantic forest. It is a member of the P. signifer group known only from its type locality in Santa Teresa, State of Espírito Santo, and from another locality in the State of Bahia, Brazil. Most Physalaemus species are aquatic breeders, and species in the P. signifer group are the only ones exhibiting a tendency toward terrestrial reproduction in the genus. Here we describe the reproductive period, breeding site and reproductive modes of P. crombiei from a third population in the Atlantic forest, southeastern Brazil. We also investigated reproductive effort and size-fecundity relationships in females. Reproductive traits were compared to other species in the genus Physalaemus, especially those included in the P. signifer group. Physalaemus crombiei is a prolonged breeder, reproducing throughout the year with a peak of activity during the most rainy months (October-March). Males called from the humid forest foor and eggs embedded in foam nests were deposited in the water as well as on the humid foor amidst the leaf litter, or inside fallen leaves or tree holes containing rainwater on the forest foor. As expected, P. crombiei exhibited three alternative reproductive modes, as described for other species of the P. signifer group. The number of eggs produced per female varied from 91 to 250. Female body size is positively correlated both with ovary mass and clutch size (number of eggs per clutch). Variation in the number and size of eggs observed in Physalaemus species may be explained not only by female size, but also by the terrestrial reproductive mode exhibited by the species in the P. signifer group.

New records of the cicada genus Fidicinoides Boulard and Martinelli, 1996 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Fidicinini) from the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Fidicinoides picea (Walker, 1850) and Fidicinoides poulaini Boulard and Martinelli, 1996 are recorded for the first time from the state of Mato Grosso, extending the known distribution of these species to the south. Thereby, the number of Fidicinoides species from Mato Grosso is increased to nine, being Mato Grosso the state with the largest number of recorded species of this genus in Brazil. © 2012 Check List and Authors.

The pioneering use of ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) in Neotropical anurans: Preliminary assessment of genetic diversity in populations of Physalaemus cuvieri (Amphibia, Leiuperidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Sistema pigmentar extracutâneo e morfologia testicular em Anuro (Physalaemus nattereri e Physalaemus fuscomaculatus)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Padrões de alocação reprodutiva em espécies de Physalaemus (Anura : Leiuperidae) de áreas abertas e florestadas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Pigmentação testicular e ciclo reprodutivo anual de Physalaemus cuvieri Fitzinger, 1826 em populações de biomas distintos

Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal - IBILCE

Dieta e uso de hábitat por Physalaemus ephippifer (Steindachner, 1864) (Anura: Leptodactylidae) na Amazônia Oriental

Um dos principais atributos do nicho ecológico das espécies é a ecologia trófica, que afeta a sobrevivência e tamanho das populações. Neste estudo registramos a contribuição das presas na dieta de Physalaemus ephippifer, testamos se havia variação na alimentação desta espécie de acordo com os sexos e os períodos do ano (seco e chuvoso) em três populações de P. ephippifer na Amazônia Oriental. Para isso, analisamos a dieta da espécie quanto a frequência de ocorrência das presas, amplitude e sobreposição trófica, além do índice de importância alimentar. Analisamos 102 espécimes (69 machos e 33 fêmeas), registrando que os itens mais importantes da dieta de P. ephippifer, no geral, eram cupins e formigas. Entretanto, analisando separadamente os sexos e períodos do ano os itens mais importantes na dieta das fêmeas do chuvoso foram larvas de Coleoptera, fêmeas do seco foram cupins e machos nos dois períodos foram formigas. Por se tratar de uma espécie especialista, o presente estudo evidenciou que a dieta não variou de acordo com o sexo ou períodos do ano. Por outro lado, fêmeas, principalmente do período chuvoso apresentaram larvas e cupins como presas mais importantes, sendo também mais nutritivas que a dieta dos machos, coincidindo com o período reprodutivo da espécie, onde as fêmeas necessitariam de maior quantidade de energia para produção de gametas.