Modelagem estrutural e tridimensional para a prospecção e avaliação dos depósitos de ágata do distrito mineiro de Salto do Jacuí (RS)

O Distrito Mineiro de Salto do Jacuí (DMSJ) abrange uma área aproximada de 250 km2 localizada no Município de Salto do Jacuí na região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). A região é caracterizada pela ocorrência de derrames basálticos a dacíticos pertencentes a Fm. Serra Geral, uma das unidades de topo da Bacia do Paraná. O DMSJ é um dos maiores produtores mundiais de geodos de ágata que ocorrem em derrames basálticos. Em escala de mina, os depósitos de geodos de ágata do DMSJ ocorrem em uma seqüência vulcânica constituída por 3 unidades líticas principais: 1) o dacito semi-vítreo vesículoamigdaloidal inferior (DSVI), 2) o basalto vesículo-amigdaloidal mineralizado (BM, “tabatinga”), e 3) o dacito vesicular (DV, “cupim”). Essas unidades vulcânicas constituem a denominada Estrutura Jacuí. Essa tese propõe um modelo estrutural para o controle da distribuição dos geodos de ágata no DMSJ e um novo conjunto de procedimentos aplicados para a exploração dos geodos de ágata. A modelagem estrutural 3D e a distribuição espacial dos depósitos e dos tipos de geodos de ágata são avaliados para permitir futuras investigações detalhadas a respeito da estimativa de reservas remanescentes do DMSJ. Mapeamento geológico em escala de mina, análise estrutural e investigação da distribuição espacial dos geodos de ágata foram realizados para desenvolver um modelo 3D do controle estrutural dos geodos de ágata e definir parâmetros de prospecção de geodos de ágata. A modelagem 3D e o controle estrutural da distribuição dos geodos de ágata permitiram definir alguns critérios para investigações quanto à estimativa de recursos/reservas no DMSJ. Nessa linha de investigação, devem-se considerar principalmente os seguintes parâmetros: i) os novos procedimentos para exploração de geodos de ágata, ii) a diluição introduzida pela presença de diques de arenito Botucatu que cortam o Basalto Mineralizado, e iii) o controle estrutural proposto parta os depósitos de ágata do DMSJ. Esses parâmetros são úteis nas atividades de exploração e na avaliação de novas áreas de geodos de ágata. O controle estrutural e a modelagem 3D da distribuição dos geodos de ágata também permitem definir os limites das unidades vulcânicas mineralizadas e a extensão do corpo mineralizado.

Estudo prospectivo da internacionalização do etanol combustível.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo elaborar cenários para a internacionalização do etanol combustível através da metodologia da prospectiva estratégica. Após a descrição da história do desenvolvimento do etanol combustível na matriz energética brasileira, descreveram-se, além do atual mercado de etanol no Brasil e no Mundo, os principais aspectos que influenciarão no desenvolvimento de sua comercialização como commodity internacional. Para isto, é aplicada a metodologia de prospecção de cenários para a utilização do etanol no âmbito mundial. Para os cenários identificados, após a revisão das literaturas teórica e empírica sobre o tema, é elaborado um estudo que descreve estratégias de internacionalização possíveis para Petrobras Biocombustível S.A., subsidiária da Petrobras Petróleo Brasileiro S.A, responsável pelos negócios de etanol da companhia, tanto no Brasil quanto no exterior.

"PETROBRÁS" : seu papel na politica do petroleo e o processo de internacionalização econômica

Partindo da análise histórica acerca dos fatores que conduziram o Estado a se envolver na questão do petróleo e, consequentemente, criar um instrumento de política pública como a Petrobrás, esta dissertação estuda o desenvolvimento da estatal desde a sua institucionalização até o momento presente, enfatizando as mudanças que vêm sendo conduzidas para o ajustamento do seu papel na implementação da política de petróleo às transformações decorrentes do processo de internacionalização dos sistemas econômicos nacionais.

Os corpos de bombeiros militares emancipados das polícias militares : prospecção e análise dos parâmetros norteadores do seu "desenho" organizacional

A partir da promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, iniciou-se no Brasil a emancipação dos corpos de bombeiros das polícias militares. Este estudo, tomando como referência o surgimento dessas "novas" organizações, procurou analisar o comportamento dos parâmetros norteadores do seu "desenho" organizacional e, ao mesmo tempo, despertar nos seus dirigentes o estudo do tema "mudança organizacional". Do total de dezenove corpos de bombeiros militares emancipados a pesquisa contemplou diretamente cinco deles para pôr em foco a questão central do estudo. Concomitantemente à abordagem da questão central, o estudo levantou dados de todas as corporações com a finalidade de retratá-las em aspectos mais gerais de sua organização. A investigação foi do tipo exploratória e explicativa, sendo realizada por meio de pesquisa de campo, bibliográfica e documental. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas realizadas com os oficiais superiores (coronéis, tenentes-coronéis e majores) das corporações, e mediante consulta a dispositivos legais. Os resultados obtidos revelaram, de uma maneira geraL que os parâmetros norteadores do "desenho" organizacional apresentam alguns problemas. As retlexões sobre os problemas levaram à conclusão de que eles podem ser ajustados mediante ações gerenciais e mudança da cultura organizacional.

Degradacao termica e catalitica da borra oleosa de Petroleo com materiais nanoestruturados al-mcm-41 e AL-SBA-15

Aiming to reduce and reuse waste oil from oily sludge generated in large volumes by the oil industry, types of nanostructured materials Al-MCM-41 and Al-SBA-15, with ratios of Si / Al = 50, were synthesized , and calcined solids used as catalysts in the degradation of oily sludge thermocatalytic oil from oilfield Canto do Amaro, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Samples of nanostructured materials were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG / DTG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), absorption spectroscopy in the infrared Fourier transform (FT-IR) and adsorption nitrogen (BET). The characterization showed that the synthesized materials resulted in a catalyst nanostructure, and ordered pore diameter and surface area according to existing literature. The oily sludge sample was characterized by determining the API gravity and sulfur content and SARA analysis (saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes). The results showed a material equivalent to the average oil with API gravity of 26.1, a low sulfur content and considerable amount of resins and asphaltenes, presented above in the literature. The thermal and catalytic degradation of the oily sludge oil was performed from room temperature to 870 ° C in the ratios of heating of 5, 10 and 20 ° C min-1. The curves generated by TG / DTG showed a more accelerated degradation of oily sludge when it introduced the nanostructured materials. These results were confirmed by activation energy calculated by the method of Flynn-Wall, in the presence of catalysts reduced energy, in particular in the range of cracking, showing the process efficiency, mainly for extraction of lightweight materials of composition of oily sludge, such as diesel and gasoline

Pirólise de borras oleosas de petroleo utilizando nanomateriais

The oily sludge is a complex mix of hydrocarbons, organic impurities, inorganic and water. One of the major problems currently found in petroleum industry is management (packaging, storage, transport and fate) of waste. The nanomaterials (catalysts) mesoporous and microporous are considered promising for refining and adsorbents process for environment protection. The aim of this work was to study the oily sludge from primary processing (raw and treated) and vacuum residue, with application of thermal analyses technique (pyrolysis), thermal and catalytic pyrolysis with nanomaterials, aiming at production petroleum derived. The sludge and vacuum residue were analyzed using a soxhlet extraction system, elemental analysis, thin layer chromatography, thermogravimetry and pyrolysis coupled in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py GC MS). The catalysts AlMCM-41, AlSBA-15.1 e AlSBA-15.2 were synthesized with molar ratio silicon aluminum of 50 (Si/Al = 50), using tetraethylorthosilicante as source of silicon and pseudobuhemita (AlOOH) as source of aluminum. The analyzes of the catalysts indicate that materials showed hexagonal structure and surface area (783,6 m2/g for AlMCM-41, 600 m2/g for AlSBA-15.1, 377 m2/g for AlSBA-15.2). The extracted oily sludge showed a range 65 to 95% for organic components (oil), 5 to 35% for inorganic components (salts and oxides) and compositions different of derivatives. The AlSBA-15 catalysts showed better performance in analyzes for production petroleum derived, 20% increase in production of kerosene and light gas oil. The energy potential of sludge was high and it can be used as fuel in other cargo processed in refinery

Biodegradação de hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos: prospecção metagenômica e modelagem computacional 3-D de proteínas

Knowledge of the native prokaryotes in hazardous locations favors the application of biotechnology for bioremediation. Independent strategies for cultivation and metagenomics contribute to further microbiological knowledge, enabling studies with non-cultivable about the "native microbiological status and its potential role in bioremediation, for example, of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HPA's). Considering the biome mangrove interface fragile and critical bordering the ocean, this study characterizes the native microbiota mangrove potential biodegradability of HPA's using a biomarker for molecular detection and assessment of bacterial diversity by PCR in areas under the influence of oil companies in the Basin Petroleum Geology Potiguar (BPP). We chose PcaF, a metabolic enzyme, to be the molecular biomarker in a PCR-DGGE detection of prokaryotes that degrade HPA s. The PCR-DGGE fingerprints obtained from Paracuru-CE, Fortim-CE and Areia Branca-RN samples revealed the occurrence of fluctuations of microbial communities according to the sampling periods and in response to the impact of oil. In the analysis of microbial communities interference of the oil industry, in Areia Branca-RN and Paracuru-CE was observed that oil is a determinant of microbial diversity. Fortim-CE probably has no direct influence with the oil activity. In order to obtain data for better understanding the transport and biodegradation of HPA's, there were conducted in silico studies with modeling and simulation from obtaining 3-D models of proteins involved in the degradation of phenanthrene in the transport of HPA's and also getting the 3-D model of the enzyme PcaF used as molecular marker in this study. Were realized docking studies with substrates and products to a better understanding about the transport mechanism and catalysis of HPA s

Análise sísmica usando transformada de Curvelet

Oil prospecting is one of most complex and important features of oil industry Direct prospecting methods like drilling well logs are very expensive, in consequence indirect methods are preferred. Among the indirect prospecting techniques the seismic imaging is a relevant method. Seismic method is based on artificial seismic waves that are generated, go through the geologic medium suffering diffraction and reflexion and return to the surface where they are recorded and analyzed to construct seismograms. However, the seismogram contains not only actual geologic information, but also noise, and one of the main components of the noise is the ground roll. Noise attenuation is essential for a good geologic interpretation of the seismogram. It is common to study seismograms by using time-frequency transformations that map the seismic signal into a frequency space where it is easier to remove or attenuate noise. After that, data is reconstructed in the original space in such a way that geologic structures are shown in more detail. In addition, the curvelet transform is a new and effective spectral transformation that have been used in the analysis of complex data. In this work, we employ the curvelet transform to represent geologic data using basis functions that are directional in space. This particular basis can represent more effectively two dimensional objects with contours and lines. The curvelet analysis maps real space into frequencies scales and angular sectors in such way that we can distinguish in detail the sub-spaces where is the noise and remove the coefficients corresponding to the undesired data. In this work we develop and apply the denoising analysis to remove the ground roll of seismograms. We apply this technique to a artificial seismogram and to a real one. In both cases we obtain a good noise attenuation

Prospecção de genes associados ao processo de floração em tomateiro.

Flowering is a process marked by switch of shoot apical meristem to floral meristem, and it involves a complex regulation by endogenous and environmental factors. Analyses of key flowering genes have been carried out primarily in Arabidopsis thaliana and have provided a foundation for understanding the underlying molecular genetic mechanisms controlling different aspects of floral development. Several homologous have been found in other species, but for crops species such as tomatoes this process is not well known. The aim of this work was to use the genetic natural variation associated to the flowering process and use molecular tools such as subtractive libraries and real time PCR in order to identify and analyze the expression from genes that may be associated to flowering in these two species: L. esculentum cv Micro-Tom and L. pimpinellifolium. Our results showed there were identified many genes related to vegetative and possibly to the flowering process. There were also identified many sequences that were unknown. We ve chosen three genes to analyze the expression by real time PCR. The histone H2A gene gave an expression higher in L. pimpinellifolium, due to this the expression of this gene may be associated to flowering in this specie. It was also analyzed the expression of an unknown gene that might be a key factor of the transition to flowering, also in L. pimpinellifolium. For the elongation factor 1-α expression, the expression results were not informative, so this gene may have a constitutive expression in vegetative and flowering state. The results observed allowed us to identify possible genes that may be related to the flowering process. For further results it will be necessary a better characterization of them.

Prospecção de genes de interesse biotecnológico : uma abordagem metagenômica

The total number of prokaryotic cells on Earth has been estimated at 4 to 6x1030 and only about 1% of microorganisms present in the environment can be cultivated by standard techniques of cultivation and plating. Therefore, it is a huge biological and genetic pool that can be exploited, for the identification and characterization of genes with biotechnological potential. Within this perspective, the metagenomics approach was applied in this work. Functional screening methods were performed aiming to identify new genes related to DNA repair and / or oxidative stress resistance, hydrocarbon degradation and hydrolytic activities (lipase, amylase and protease). Metagenomic libraries were built utilizing DNA extracted from soil samples collected in João Câmara RN. The libraries were analyzed functionally using specific substrate containing solid medium (hydrolytic activity), supplemented with H2O2 (DNA repair and / or resistance to oxidative stress) and liquid medium supplemented with light Arabian oil (activity, degradation of hydrocarbons). After confirmation of activity and exclusion of false-positive results, 49 clones were obtained, being 2 positive for amylase activity, 22 resistant to oxidative stress generated by H2O2 and 25 clones active for hydrocarbons degradation. Analysis of the sequences showed hypothetical proteins, dienelactona hydrolase, DNA polymerase, acetyltransferase, phosphotransferase, methyltransferase, endonucleases, among other proteins. The sequence data obtained matched with the functions tested, highlighting the success of metagenomics approaches combined with functional screening methods, leading to very promising results

Estudos in silico da proteína AlkB e prospecção de bactérias alcanotróficas em solos da bacia petrolífera potiguar

Some microorganisms from virgin ecosystems are able to use petroleum it as source of carbon and energy. The knowledge of microbial biodiversity can help to reveal new metabolic systems for utilization alkanes with biotechnological importance. The aim of this study is: i) Accomplish an in silico study of the AlkB protein aimed to understand the probable mechanism involved on selectivity of alkanes in Gram positive and Gram negative bactéria. ii) prospect and analyze the response of the microbial alkanotrophics communities in soil and mangrove sediments of BPP RN and soil of Atlantic forest in the Horto Dois Irmãos Reserve area/PE using the molecular biomarker, gene alkB; with the PCR and PCR-DGGE approach