A history of banking in all the leading nations /

v. 1. The United States, by W. G. Sumner.--v. 2. Great Britain, by H. D. Macleod; The Russian empire, by A. E. Horn; Savings banks in the United States, by J. P. Townsend.--v. 3. The Latin nations, by P. Des Essars; The banks of Alsace-Lorraine after the annexation, by A. Raffalovich; Canada, by B. E. Walker.--v. 4. Germany and Austria-Hungary, by M. Wirth; The Netherlands, by R. van der Borght; The Scandinavian nations, by A. Jensen; Japan, by J. Soyeda; China, by T. R. Jernigan.

Monographs on agricultural co-operation in various countries.

Contents: v.1. Germany, Denmark, British India, France, Great Britain and Ireland, Norway, Holland, Russia, Sweden. --v.2. Argentine, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Switzerland.

Die volkswirtschaftlichen Ursachen der Lebensmittelteuerung und die Massnahmen gegen sie in Oesterreich und Ungarn.

Mode of access: Internet.

Peace handbooks /

G. W. Prothero, general editor.

Are you ready for a tender project? – Analysis of organisational project management maturity in the Austrian-Hungarian border region

Are you ready for a tender project? – Analysis of organisational project management maturity in the Austrian- Hungarian border region. Since the 1990s the European Union has paid more and more attention to subsidising cross-border development. It is understandable that different funding from proposal sources is particularly important for the border area, especially to those of utmost importance that support co-operation and rural development. Therefore, they could become a driving force for development. The authors’ research analyses the organisational project management maturity of the projects implemented in the frame of the Austria-Hungary Cross-border Cooperation Programme 2007-2013 (AT-HU). Analysing this kind of organisation is an important issue, since the new call for proposals are open in 2016 and the results of this study may provide a self-evaluation opportunity to organisations that need to know if they are ready or mature enough for a new tender project. The aim of this study was twofold. First of all, those indicators that could be used to analyse the project management maturity of implementing organisations in the AT-HU programme were identified. Based on the empirical research these are the project experience accumulated by the organisation, the internal processes operating at the institution and the professional background. Secondly, factors that can affect this project management maturity were explored and we determined five influencing area: the organisational structure, culture, project managers motivation and the typical and important competences.

Ball bearings, mounted or unmounted, and parts thereof, from Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Hong Kong, Hungary, Mexico, the People's Republic of China, Poland, the Republic of Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Turkey and Yugoslavia : determination of the Commission in investigation no. 701-TA-307 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation : determinations of the Commission in investigations nos. 731-TA-498-511 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations

Mode of access: Internet.

Austria in 1848-49: being a history of the late political movements in Vienna, Milan, Venice, and Prague; with details of the campaigns of Lombardy and Novara; a full account of the revolution in Hungary; and historical sketches of the Austrian government and the provinces of the empire.

"Authorities" : v. 1, p. [ix]-x.

Southern Germany and Austria, including Hungary and Transylvania. Handbook for travellers,

Mode of access: Internet.

A válság mint negatív információ és bizonytalansági tényező. A válság hatása az egy részvényre jutó nyereség-előrejelzésekre (The financial crisis as negative information and a factor of uncertainty. Analysing the EPS forecasting error in Hungary and Austria)

A szerző a 2008-ban kezdődött gazdasági világválság hatását vizsgálja az egy részvényre jutó nyereség előrejelzésének hibájára. Számos publikáció bizonyította, hogy az elemzők a tényértékeknél szisztematikusan kedvezőbb tervértéket adnak meg az egy részvényre jutó előrejelzéseikben. Más vizsgálatok azt igazolták, hogy az egy részvényre jutó előrejelzési hiba bizonytalan környezetben növekszik, míg arra is számos bizonyítékot lehet találni, hogy a negatív hírek hatását az elemzők alulsúlyozzák. A gazdasági világválság miatt az elemzőknek számtalan negatív hírt kellett figyelembe venniük az előrejelzések készítésekor, továbbá a válság az egész gazdaságban jelentősen növelte a bizonytalanságot. A szerző azt vizsgálja, hogy miként hatott a gazdasági világválság az egy részvényre jutó nyereség- előrejelzés hibájára, megkülönböztetve azt az időszakot, amíg a válság negatív hír volt, attól, amikor már hatásaként jelentősen megnőtt a bizonytalanság. _____ The author investigated the impact of the financial crisis that started in 2008 on the forecasting error for earnings per share. There is plentiful evidence from the 1980s that analysts give systematically more favourable values in their earnings per share (EPS) forecasts than reality, i.e. they are generally optimistic. Other investigations have supported the idea that the EPS forecasting error is greater under uncertain environmental circumstances, while other researchers prove that the analysts under-react to the negative information in their forecasts. The financial crisis brought a myriad of negative information for analysts to consider in such forecasts, while also increasing the level of uncertainty for the entire economy. The article investigates the impact of the financial crisis on the EPS forecasting error, distinguishing the period when the crisis gave merely negative information, from the one when its effect of uncertainty was significantly increased over the entire economy.

[Drinking cup of the Chevra Kadisha in Eisenstadt, Austria].

Seven photographic reproductions of a white porcelain ceremonial drinking cup used circa 1715 by the local Chevra Kadisha (burial society) in Eisenstadt, Austria, with Hebrew text and depictions of a Jewish funeral around the circumference.

Incidencia de la política de autonomía fiscal de los Estados miembros de la UE en el comercio intrazona. Estudio de caso: El Impuesto Excepcional de Crisis húngaro en su relación comercial con Austria y Alemania. Período 2010-2011

En el año 2010 el gobierno húngaro implementó el Impuesto Excepcional de Crisis, que grava a las empresas del sector de telecomunicaciones, energía y agroalimentario con el fin de hacer frente a los graves problemas fiscales que aquejaban a Hungría. Dicho impuesto se enmarca dentro de la política de autonomía fiscal de los Estados miembros de la UE, ya que cada gobierno tiene potestad para determinar la cuantía de los impuestos sobre las empresas con el fin de que se puedan cumplir los intereses económicos nacionales; aun así, dicha autonomía se basa en el respeto al tratado de Maastricht y al pacto de estabilidad y crecimiento, que establecen que las políticas fiscales de los Estados miembros deben estar en armonía con la libre circulación de mercancías, servicios y capitales, así como un trato equitativo a todas las empresas, ya sean nacionales o extranjeras. Este gravamen recae principalmente en empresas ligadas al sector de las exportaciones en Hungría, con nacionalidad de Austria y Alemania, los principales socios comerciales de Hungría, afectando de esta forma las relaciones comerciales de los actores en mención. Así, el trabajo analiza las implicaciones que tiene dicho impuesto para la consecución del interés económico de Hungría, a partir de su incidencia en las metas fiscales y el comercio que este Estado tiene con Austria y Alemania.

The Sociolinguistics of Hungarian Outside Hungary

This study describes the sociolinguistic situation of the indigenous Hungarian national minorities in Slovakia (c. 600,000), Ukraine (c. 180,000), Romania (c. 2,000,000), Yugoslavia (c. 300,000), Slovenia (c. 8,000) and Austria (c. 6,000). Following the guidelines of Hans Goebl et al, the historical sociolinguistic portrait of each minority is presented from 1920 through to the mid-1990s. Each country's report includes sections on geography and demography, history, politics, economy, culture and religion, language policy and planning, and language use (domains of minority and/or majority language use, proficiency, attitudes, etc.). The team's findings were presented in the form of 374 pages of manuscripts, articles and tables, written in Hungarian and English. The core of the team's research results lies in the results of an empirical survey designed to study the social characteristics of Hungarian-minority bilingualism in the six project countries, and the linguistic similarities and differences between the six contact varieties of Hungarian and Hungarian in Hungary. The respondents were divided by age, education, and settlement group - city vs. village and local majority vs. local minority. The first thing to be observed is that Hungarian is tending to be spoken less to children than to parents and grandparents, a familiar pattern of language shift. In contact varieties of Hungarian, analytic constructions may be used where monolingual Hungarians would use a more synthetic form. Mr Kontra gives as an example the compound tagdij, which in Standard Hungarian means "membership fee" but which is replaced in contact Hungarian by the two-word phrase tagsagi dij. Another similar example concerns the synthetic verb hegedult "played the violin" and the analytic expression hegedun jatszott. The contrast is especially striking between the Hungarians in the northern Slavic countries, who use the synthetic form frequently, and those in the southern Slavic countries, who mainly use the analytic form. Mr. Kontra notes that from a structural point of view, there is no immediate explanation for this, since Slovak or Ukrainian are as likely to cause interference as is Serbian. He postulates instead that the difference may be attributable to some sociohistoric cause, and points out that the Turkish occupation of what is today Voivodina caused a discontinuity of the Hungarian presence in the region, with the result that Hungarians were resettled in the area only two and a half centuries ago. However, the Hungarians in today's Slovakia and Ukraine have lived together with Slavic peoples continuously for over a millennium. It may be, he suggests, that 250 years of interethnic coexistence is less than is needed for such a contact-induced change to run its course. Next Mr. Kontra moved on to what he terms "mental maps and morphology". In Hungarian, the names of cities and villages take the surface case (eg. Budapest-en "in Budapest") whereas some names denoting Hungarian settlements and all names of foreign cities take the interior case (eg. Tihany-ban "in Tihany" and Boston-ban "in Boston). The role of the semantic feature "foreign" in suffix-choice can be illustrated by such minimal pairs as Velence-n "in Velence, a village in Hungary" versus Velence-ben "in Velence [=Venice], a city in Italy", and Pecs-en "in Pecs, a city in Hungary" vs. Becs-ben "in Becs, ie. Vienna". This Hungarian vs. foreign distinction is often interpreted as "belonging to historical (pre-1920) Hungary" vs. "outside historical Hungary". The distinction is also expressed in the dichotomy "home" vs. "abroad'. The 1920 border changes have had an impact on both majority and minority Hungarians' mental maps, the maps which govern the choice of surface vs. interior cases with placenames. As there is a growing divergence between the mental maps of majority and minority Hungarians, so there will be a growing divergence in their use of the placename suffixes. Two placenames were chosen to scratch the surface of this complex problem: Craiova (a city in Oltenia, Romania) and Kosovo (Hungarian Koszovo) an autonomous region in southeast Yugoslavia. The assumption to be tested was that both placenames would be used with the inessive (interior) suffixes categorically by Hungarians in Hungary, but that the superessive suffix (showing "home") would be used near-categorically by Hungarians in Romania and Yugoslavia (Voivodina). Minority Hungarians in countries other than Romania and Yugoslavia would show no difference from majority Hungarians in Hungary. In fact, the data show that, contrary to expectation, there is considerable variation within Hungary. And although Koszovo is used, as expected, with the "home" suffix by 61% of the informants in Yugoslavia, the same suffix is used by an even higher percentage of the subjects in Slovenia. Mr. Kontra's team suggests that one factor playing a role in this might be the continuance of the former Yugoslav mentality in the Hungarians of Slovenia, at least from the geographical point of view. The contact varieties of Hungarian show important grammatical differences from Hungarian in Hungary. One of these concerns the variable use of Null subjects (the inclusion or exclusion of the subject of the verb). When informants were asked to insert either megkertem or megkertem ot - "I asked her" - into a test sentence, 54.9% of the respondents in the Ukraine inserted the second phrase as opposed to only 27.4% in Hungary. Although Mr. Kontra and his team concentrated more on the differences between Contact Hungarian and Standard Hungarian, they also discovered a number of similarities. One such similarity is demonstrable in the distribution of what Mr. Kontra calls an ongoing syntactic merger in Hungarian in Hungary. This change means effectively that two possibilities merge to form a third. For instance, the two sentences Valoszinuleg kulfoldre fognak koltozni and Valoszinu, hogy kulfoldre fognak koltozni merge to form the new construction Valszinuleg, hogy kulfoldre fognak koltozni ("Probably they will move abroad."). When asked to choose "the most natural" of the sentences, one in four chose the new construction, and a chi-square test shows homogeneity in the sample. In other words, this syntactic change is spreading across the entire Hungarian-speaking region in the Carpathian Basin Mr. Kontra believes that politicians, educators, and other interested parties now have reliable and up-to-date information about each Hungarian minority. An awareness of Hungarian as a pluricentric language is being developed which elevates the status of contact varieties of Hungarian used by the minorities, an essential process, he believes, if minority languages are to be maintained.

Elisabeth de Austria : la mirada de una emperatriz de incógnito

Elísabeth de Austria (1837-1898) no pudo escapar a su destino de emperatriz y reina, pero eso no la detuvo en la búsqueda de la libertad que anhelaba y que desató la crítica de la sociedad vienesa. La artifícialidad y los intereses cortesanos tan diferentes a los suyos, hicieron que escapara cada vez más lejos y durante más tiempo. A los 22 años, seis después de su matrimonio, luego de haber dado a luz al heredero, y por una serie de desavenencias con su marido, comenzó la búsqueda de su individualidad y ya no se detuvo. Madeira, Corfú, Venecia, las termas de Austria y Alemania, su amada Hungría, las ruinas de Grecia y la pasión por los lugares que vieron al legendario Aquiles la llevaron de uno a otro lado. La escritura de sus poemas comenzó cuando ya casi contaba 50 años, y por cuatro años consecutivos llevó un Diario Poético que quedó inconcluso cuando su hijo fue encontrado muerto en Mayerling. Son poemas que denuncian la caducidad de la monarquía, la corrupción de la corte, la falta de amor y comprensión, y que logran su efecto cuando Elísabeth describe los lugares que la conectan con la naturaleza del mundo.