Percepção das famílias de crianças com Paralisia Cerebral: a fisioterapia e o processo de reabilitação contínua

Os serviços de saúde desenvolvidos dentro de uma escola especial são de fundamental importância para o suporte e desenrolar das atividades focadas à criança com distúrbio motor. A ação ao intervir se dá sob peculiares e diversificados aspectos, proporcionando o suporte necessário para o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e pedagógico da criança com deficiência motora e/ou associadas. Este estudo discute a percepção das famílias de crianças com diagnóstico de Paralisia Cerebral frente ao processo de reabilitação contínua, pelo qual uma criança especial perpassa durante toda sua vida. A partir de uma articulação entre diferentes abordagens teóricas, dados obtidos com a análise de prontuários da entidade e em um estudo de campo com familiares ou responsáveis pela criança. O estudo de campo foi realizado em uma escola de educação especial também conhecida por ANPR Associação Norte Paranaense de Reabilitação, que presta atendimento a crianças com distúrbios motores, utilizando-se uma abordagem metodológica qualitativo-quantitativa. No curso da pesquisa, foram realizadas 25 entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os familiares de crianças cujo diagnóstico era Paralisia Cerebral. Todas as famílias a serem contatadas foram resselecionadas a partir de uma triagem pelo setor de psicologia, para garantia de que a mesma não estivesse vivenciando nenhum momento de abalo ou instabilidade emocional. Os resultados apontam para uma evidente segurança das famílias quanto à equipe Multidisciplinar, com ênfase à fisioterapia, e ao processo de reabilitação proposto dentro da ANPR e vinculados ao SUS, em detrimento aos atendimentos e serviços públicos das Unidades de Saúde externas à escola.

A percepção dos pais de crianças e adolescentes com câncer sobre a doença e a morte

O presente estudo aborda a percepção de pais de crianças e adolescentes com câncer sobre a doença e sobre a morte. A pesquisa de campo possibilitou, através das entrevistas, a obtenção das histórias parciais de pais ou mães de crianças e adolescentes com câncer. Foi possível verificar que os pais percebem os sintomas físicos do filho e tomam suas providências; após o diagnóstico sabem que seu filho tem câncer, mas dividem-se em mencionar o nome da doença ou mantê-la sob resguardo; percebem a doença como algo descontrolado, maligno, perigoso. Os médicos são vistos como facilitadores no processo saúde-doença, mas em alguns casos, também como aqueles que certificam a família sobre o prognóstico inevitável. O câncer muda a vida da família, desde a rotina até os valores. Alguns pais acreditam que o câncer existe em todas as pessoas, mas se desenvolve em algumas dependendo de seu estado físico ou emocional. Aqui surgem as concepções genéticas, religiosas, de causa-efeito, noções de culpa e castigo, menção das histórias de vida para explicar a doença. Para a morte, os pais mencionam pensar nela de forma mais próxima depois do advento da doença. Componentes de fé, esperança e elaboração para suas angústias aparecem com frequência nas falas destes pais. O estudo permitiu compreender de que forma os pais percebem e representam a doença de seus filhos com câncer, como vivenciam a possibilidade e o sentido da morte e de que maneira passam a compreender a finitude depois da dura experiência.

A percepção do professor acerca do seu trabalho com crianças portadoras de autismo e síndrome de down : um estudo comparativo

The aim of the present study was to investigate the teacher’s perception about working both with individuals with autism and with Down’s syndrome. A semi-structured interview was performed with 10 teachers, in two special schools, in the interior of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Each one of these interviews was compound of a range of questions, dealing with topics such as teacher’s identification, etiologic notions about the syndrome, intellectual development and clinical characteristics of the children, ways of educational intervention and finally the difficulties and feelings of the teachers concerning their work in this area and also their educational strategies. The analysis of the obtained material revealed that there are similarities and differences in the way in which the teachers perceive their students with the Down’s syndrome or Autism. One fundamental aspect which was identified related to the circumstances that led the teacher to work with these children, which were not always founded on choice. One of the concerns, which mostly differentiated the teacher’s discourse, was in relation to pleasure when working with these children. This appears more clearly regarding the students with Down’s syndrome, indicating a feeling of well-being and satisfaction of the teacher, due to the social reciprocity and communication in the relationship with the children. On the other hand, stereotyped ideas; worries with behaviors that are not specific to the anxiety and lack of self-confidence were aspects which characterized the teacher’s perception about autism. This picture might have influenced their management strategies. For example, in order to alleviate their conflicts and anxieties the teachers used strategies to maintain the students systematically busy to attempt to “control” the autism. However, the practice of “sheltering” by means of flexible work and encouragement of the autonomy based on the exercise of choice were also identified in some of the teachers. Another aspect that deserves attention is in the relation to the beliefs about the etiology of autism, specifically those concerning the mother-child bond. A simplistic view of this issue was identified, which was understood as a direct relationship of “cause and effect” rather as a reciprocal process, where each element of the dyad contributes to its quality. Finally, the results of this paper point to a complexity but not impossibility of the educational process of the so-called “special” student. However, attention should be paid to the need of founding the educational practice on knowledge, thus avoiding the emergency of distorted ideas and subsequently practices incoherent with the individual’s development.

Cartografia da percepção de mês e profissionais sobre a atenção a saúde de crianças/adolescentes soropositivos no município de Natal

This study had as objective to identify to the perception of mothers and professionals of health on the attention to the health of HIV-Positive children/adolescents in the city of Natal-RN. It is a descriptive-exploratory study with quantitative and qualitative approach, carried through in the Giselda Trigueiro Hospital and in the State and Municipal Health Councils in Natal - RN, from march to december of 2005. The sample was composed by 56 participants, 33 mothers of children who use specialized assistance and 23 professionals. Data collection occurred with the application of a half-structuralized interview. Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and qualitative data were submitted to content analysis. Prevailing categories in relation to the cartography of the attention to seropositive children and adolescents in Natal were: Organization and dynamics of the attention; Institutional management and human development; Control and prevention; other contexts of attention; relationship/communication team-patient and organization and functioning of the services. The profile epidemiologist of the children, adolescents and of the people/mothers, who take care of them with HIV/Aids, followed the evolution of the epidemic in the country and the world. It was verified that mothers need care and information; however they make a positive evaluation of the attendance they receive. It was also observed many gaps in the services of assistance, in which the researched group was attended, beyond imperfections in the communication between health professionals and users. The professionals recognize the advances that the politics represent for the assistance of people with Aids; however feel themselves limited by the precariousness of the system and the partner-economic conditions of the people. According to these data, it can be verified great challenges to go through in the context of integrality of the assistance to HIV positive children and adolescents in the city of Natal and in the improvement of the communication in the institution of reference

A percepção das características da face infantil por adultos e crianças sob uma perspectiva evolucionista

Child facial cues evoke attention, parental care behaviors and modulate for infant- caretaker interactions. Lorenz described the baby schema ( Kindchenschema ) as a set of infantile physical features such as the large head, round face, high and protruding forehead, big eyes, chubby cheeks, small nose and mouth. Previous work on this fundamental concept was restricted to positive perception to infant face, and did not show consistent results about the development individuals perceptions, regarding the physical attributes that worked as markers of cuteness. Here, we experimentally tested the effects of baby schema on the perception of cuteness of infant faces by children and adults. We used 60 none graphically manipulated photos of different stimulus children faces from 4 to 9 years old. In the first task for the adults experimental subjects, ten stimulus photos were shown, whereas for children experimental subjects, four stimulus photos were shown at a time, with a total of six rounds. The second task involved only adults, who indicated the motivation of affective behaviors and care directed to children through a Likert scale. Our results suggest that both participants judged similarly the cuteness of children's faces, and the physical features markers of this perception were observed only for younger stimulus children. Adults have attributed more motivations of positive behaviors to cuter stimulus children. The recognition of the baby schema by individuals of different ages and genders confers the universality and power of children's physical attributes. From the evolutionary perspective the responsiveness to baby schema is significant to ensure aloparental and parental investment, and the consequent children survival

Percepção de estigma e qualidade de vida em crianças com neoplasia

The increase in survival time and cure requires more extensive care about the quality of life of cancer patients, which begins soon after diagnosis. Thus, it seems reasonable to the emphasis on development of studies covering the psychosocial variables, such as stigma, treatment of childhood cancer aiming thereby to the attention of the overall needs of the child. Thus, this research aims to investigate the perception of stigma and quality of life in children with cancer. This is a cross-sectional research and understanding of the descriptive type, the type specimen being adopted for convenience. This consisted of thirty children with cancer and thirty children without chronic disease. The instruments used were the Quality of Life Questionnaire, the Perceived Stigma Scale and Technical Drawing Story with a Theme. The results indicate that the chronic condition, no interfered significantly in satisfaction with the quality of life in children with cancer and identified that the quality of life is not related to the stigma. Comparison with children with no chronic disease with infants with cancer, no significant differences were observed. However, the group mean contrast was lower, suggesting a greater impairment in quality of life of children with cancer compared to those without chronic disease. It is worth noting that the psychosocial effects and the limitations imposed by disease and treatment are presented as important factors in the design mode of subjective manifestations of children with cancer. Therefore, it is expected that knowledge elucidated by this study will assist, greatly to the promotion of improved emotional, biological and social development itself and the involvement of children with cancer treatment

Percepção de distância em crianças durante a locomoção

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a percepção de crianças sobre distância na ausência de informação visual durante a locomoção. Ainda, se parâmetros biomecânicos relativos à locomoção são alterados durante a locomoção nas diferentes distâncias. Sete crianças na idade de 6 anos (GC) e 10 adultos (GA) foram convidados a andar vendados até alvos pré-estabelecidos. O expoente da função de potência e parâmetros biomecânicos (Ex.: duração da passada, proporção da passada e velocidade da passada) foram obtidos para cada grupo. Diferenças foram encontradas somente para os valores de distância produzida ao longo das distâncias testadas. Nenhum dos parâmetros biomecânicos diferiu entre GC e GA. Alterações quantitativas foram observadas nos parâmetros biomecânicos para distâncias curtas, embora o padrão do movimento não tenha sido alterado. Crianças desta faixa etária demonstram, em tarefas não usuais (Ex.: locomoção sem visão), adaptabilidade e capacidade de orientar-se no espaço utilizando apenas da sensibilidade háptica e provavelmente da imagem mental-construída da observação feita antes da realização da tarefa sem informação visual.

Percepção de fala e ortografia de fricativas na escrita de crianças do ensino fundamental

Pós-graduação em Fonoaudiologia - FFC

Percepção de pais e professores acerca do desempenho de crianças com deficiência física em atividades do contexto escolar

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Relações entre desenvolvimento moral, percepção da manifestação de condutas agressivas e estilos de resoluções de conflitos em crianças e adolescentes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O processo de comunicação médico/família/criança: a percepção de mães de crianças portadoras de doenças crônicas graves

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A percepção de crianças e adolescentes sobre cenas de violência urbana

The article presents part of an evolutionary study regarding the ideas of children and adolescents on urban violence. The study included 40 subjects aged between 6 and 15; consisting of 10 subjects aged 6, 10 aged 9, 10 aged 12, and 10 aged 15. All subjects were enrolled in two public schools, one located in the interior of São Paulo’s State and the other in greater São Paulo. The subjects underwent three methodological procedures: a clinical interview, the drawing of a picture, and the analysis of a movie. In this paper we present data taken from the movie presentation, a silent cartoon which contained scenes of violence. The results indicate that subjects have difficulty in understanding the phenomenon of violence and its complexity. Subjects associated violence only with the most visible and concrete situations or conflicts, and they cannot identify the different types of violence contained in the drawings. The analysis and the theoretical references are based on the Piagetian perspective on the construction of social knowledge. Pedagogical implications based on evolutionary studies and the comprehension of the processes performed to the understanding of the social reality will be presented in this article, as well.