Consumos e estilos de vida no ensino superior: o caso dos estudantes da ULisboa-2012

A entrada no ensino superior é um momento de viragem marcante na biografia de qualquer estudante. Para além da oportunidade em obter uma aprendizagem formal altamente qualificada numa determinada área de conhecimento, o acesso ao ensino superior confronta os jovens com papeis e expectativas mais exigente enquanto estudantes, novos métodos pedagógicos, sistemas de avaliação e conteúdos programáticos, todo um conjunto de alterações que exige dos estudantes capacidade em modificar rotinas e adquirir novos hábitos de estudo. É nesta medida que a investigação sobre estudantes do ensino superior no âmbito das ciências sociais tem explorado, sobretudo, questões relacionadas às condições socioculturais subjacentes às escolhas vocacionais, aos desempenhos escolares, e aos efeitos das qualificações formais nas inserções profissionais. A viragem que os estudantes vivenciam com a transição para o ensino superior, no entanto, não acontece apenas ao nível do percurso propriamente escolar e laboral, mas ganha extensão em outras dimensões da vida, menos conhecidas de um ponto de vista científico. As instituições de ensino superior são, efectivamente, um contexto onde os estudantes entram em contacto com novas realidades culturais e sociais, susceptíveis de reconfigurar os seus círculos sociais, quadros simbólicos de referência e hábitos quotidianos. A reconfiguração que ocorre neste momento de passagem é acrescida do facto de a entrada no ensino superior ser, frequentemente, concomitante a outros processos de autonomização juvenil que possibilitam ao jovem uma margem mais alargada de acção e decisão sobre si próprio, bem como uma maior capacidade de gestão e negociação do seu tempo, práticas quotidianas, corpo e saúde, recursos materiais e redes sociais. Tais condições de autonomização acrescem quando a entrada no ensino superior exige ao estudante a deslocação permanente face à sua residência habitual, emancipando-o relativamente ao controlo mais próximo da sua família de origem. Novas práticas e hábitos de consumo podem assim tomar lugar ou sair reforçados no estilo de vida do estudante com a sua entrada no ensino superior, por via da integração em novos círculos sociais, da adopção de novos valores de referência, na procura de processos adaptativos de compensação dos níveis de tensão experienciada e/ou da ampliação da liberdade de acção.

Quantificação do acréscimo sonoro provocado pela passagem de aeronaves sobre sobre a cidade do Porto

Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão Integrada da Qualidade, Ambiente e Segurança

A problemática do reconhecimento da sobredotação como necessidade educativa especial e a intervenção pedagógica na área da sobredotação (3º ciclo do ensino básico e ensino secundário vs outros níveis de ensino não superior)

A existência de crianças e jovens sobredotados nas nossas escolas é uma realidade que não podemos nem devemos ignorar. Cabe à escola garantir uma efetiva igualdade de oportunidades em contexto escolar e, aos docentes, a promoção de práticas pedagógicas e o recurso a estratégias adequadas às caraterísticas de todos e de cada um dos alunos. Pela aplicação destes preceitos, os sobredotados verão criadas oportunidades de aprendizagem favoráveis ao desenvolvimento das suas competências, justificando-se, por parte dos agentes educativos, um percurso tendente à identificação das verdadeiras necessidades educativas daqueles alunos e ao atendimento daí decorrente. Tomando-se como ponto de partida o reconhecimento e a sensibilização dos docentes para a problemática da sobredotação como necessidade educativa especial (NEE), chega-se ao ponto fulcral deste estudo: analisar os seus conhecimentos relativamente à aplicação de práticas pedagógicas diferenciadas, tendentes a um eficaz atendimento educativo dirigido a alunos sobredotados. Considerando-se que, a nível do 3º ciclo do ensino básico e do ensino secundário, deve existir um cuidado acrescido no desenvolvimento de competências estruturais para a passagem ao ensino superior, destacam-se as opiniões/perceções destes docentes relativamente à implementação em sala de aula de estratégias e práticas adequadas às caraterísticas específicas dos alunos sobredotados, de forma a favorecer o desenvolvimento das capacidades que permitam um desempenho saliente e possibilitem dar o tão almejado “salto”. Estabelece-se como objetivo geral analisar comparativamente os conhecimentos, perceções e práticas relativos à problemática do reconhecimento da sobredotação como NEE, no sentido de contribuir para a sua correta valorização, caminhando ao encontro de respostas educativas adequadas. Genericamente, dir-se-á ter sido possível concluir que os docentes reconhecem as caraterísticas da sobredotação e admitem as NEE dos alunos sobredotados, apesar de se verificar que há ainda um longo caminho a percorrer para que sejam consolidadas práticas educativas que potenciem o desenvolvimento das competências, já por si excecionais, daqueles alunos com vista ao seu sucesso pessoal, académico e profissional.

Are combination forecasts of S&P 500 volatility statistically superior?

Forecasting volatility has received a great deal of research attention, with the relative performances of econometric model based and option implied volatility forecasts often being considered. While many studies find that implied volatility is the pre-ferred approach, a number of issues remain unresolved, including the relative merit of combining forecasts and whether the relative performances of various forecasts are statistically different. By utilising recent econometric advances, this paper considers whether combination forecasts of S&P 500 volatility are statistically superior to a wide range of model based forecasts and implied volatility. It is found that a combination of model based forecasts is the dominant approach, indicating that the implied volatility cannot simply be viewed as a combination of various model based forecasts. Therefore, while often viewed as a superior volatility forecast, the implied volatility is in fact an inferior forecast of S&P 500 volatility relative to model-based forecasts.

Superior piezoelectric composite films : taking advantage of carbon nanomaterials

Piezoelectric composites comprising an active phase of ferroelectric ceramic and a polymer matrix have recently attracted numerous sensory applications. However, it remains a major challenge to further improve their electromechanical response for advanced applications such as precision control and monitoring systems. We hereby investigated the incorporation of graphene platelets (GnPs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), each with various weight fractions, into PZT (lead zirconate titanate)/epoxy composites to produce three-phase nanocomposites. The nanocomposite films show markedly improved piezoelectric coefficients and electromechanical responses (50%) besides an enhancement of ~200% in stiffness. Carbon nanomaterials strengthened the impact of electric field on the PZT particles by appropriately raising the electrical conductivity of epoxy. GnPs have been proved far more promising in improving the poling behavior and dynamic response than MWNTs. The superior dynamic sensitivity of GnP-reinforced composite may be caused by GnPs’ high load transfer efficiency arising from their two-dimensional geometry and good compatibility with the matrix. Reduced acoustic impedance mismatch resulted from the improved thermal conductance may also contribute to the higher sensitivity of GnP-reinforced composite. This research pointed out the potential of employing GnPs to develop highly sensitive piezoelectric composites for sensing applications.

Experimental study on the fire performance of superior LSF wall systems

Load bearing Light Gauge Steel Frame (LSF) walls are commonly made of conventional lipped channel sections and gypsum plasterboards. Recently, innovative steel sections such as hollow flange channel sections have been proposed as studs in LSF wall frames with a view to improve their fire resistance ratings. A series of full scale fire tests was then undertaken to investigate the fire performance of the new LSF wall systems under standard fire conditions. Test wall frames made of hollow flange section studs were lined with fire resistant gypsum plasterboards on both sides, and were subjected to increasing temperatures as given by the standard fire curve on one side. Both uninsulated and cavity insulated walls were tested with varying load ratios from 0.2 to 0.6. This paper presents the details of this experimental study on the fire performance of LSF walls and the results. Test results showed that the walls made of the new hollow flange channel section studs have a superior fire performance in comparison to that of lipped channel section stud walls. They also showed that the fire performance of cavity insulated walls was inferior to that of uninsulated walls. The reasons for this fire behaviour are described in this paper.

The role of the posterior superior temporal sulcus in audiovisual processing

In this study we investigate previous claims that a region in the left posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) is more activated by audiovisual than unimodal processing. First, we compare audiovisual to visual-visual and auditory-auditory conceptual matching using auditory or visual object names that are paired with pictures of objects or their environmental sounds. Second, we compare congruent and incongruent audiovisual trials when presentation is simultaneous or sequential. Third, we compare audiovisual stimuli that are either verbal (auditory and visual words) or nonverbal (pictures of objects and their associated sounds). The results demonstrate that, when task, attention, and stimuli are controlled, pSTS activation for audiovisual conceptual matching is 1) identical to that observed for intramodal conceptual matching, 2) greater for incongruent than congruent trials when auditory and visual stimuli are simultaneously presented, and 3) identical for verbal and nonverbal stimuli. These results are not consistent with previous claims that pSTS activation reflects the active formation of an integrated audiovisual representation. After a discussion of the stimulus and task factors that modulate activation, we conclude that, when stimulus input, task, and attention are controlled, pSTS is part of a distributed set of regions involved in conceptual matching, irrespective of whether the stimuli are audiovisual, auditory-auditory or visual-visual.

Achieving superior SME performance : overarching role of marketing, innovation, and learning capabilities

While most studies examine the effect of marketing, innovation, and learning capabilities (often separately) on performance, this study develops a unified model to investigate the combined effect of these capabilities on performance. This study further examines the complementary effect of these capabilities on performance. This study draws on the resource-based view theory to examine 171 manufacturing SMEs. The findings suggest that marketing, innovation, and learning capabilities are positively related to SME performance. In addition, these capabilities interact with one another to create great synergy in achieving SME performance.

Achieving superior innovation-based performance outcomes in SMEs through innovation resource–capability complementarity

Firms are increasingly identifying new avenues to enhance their market position. One such effort involves the firms' ability to continuously learn. Learning has the capacity to enable firms to develop and implement more efficient and effective innovation-focused strategies, resulting in the ability to develop and deliver more products in a timelier manner. This study tests the relationship between innovation resource–capability complementarity and innovation-based performance. This study further elaborates that while innovation resource–capability complementarity drives innovation-based performance; their relationship will be enhanced via the firms' possession of superior learning capability. The findings show a significant effect of innovation resource–capability complementarity on innovation-based performance. The results also show that firms that possess superior learning capability are willing to question their operational processes and routines and make adjustments following the feedback obtained from customers and channels; thereby enhancing their abilities to develop more new products and increase their speed in delivering products to the customers.

Superior perilimbal epitheliopathy in recurrent corneal erosion syndrome

Purpose To highlight the finding of occult areas of poor epithelial adhesion in the superior perilimbal cornea in a minority of patients with recalcitrant recurrent corneal erosion syndrome presenting with corneal erosion elsewhere on the corneal surface. Patient population 31 eyes of 31 consecutive patients with corneal erosion undergoing mechanical debridement of the epithelium prior to diamond burr keratectomy for recurrent corneal erosion. Methods Determine the location and incidence of poor epithelial adhesion distant from the initial erosion by use of mechanical debridement with a dry microsponge. Results During debridement, 8 of 31 eyes (25.8%) displayed a large arcuate area of occult dysfunction of adhesion in the superior perilimbal area. None of these patients showed recurrence over a mean of 18 month after diamond burr keratectomy (95% confidence interval 0-36.9%). Conclusion Mechanical debridement with a microsponge identified a significant minority of patients with poor adhesion in the superior perilimbal cornea away from the area of obvious erosion and increased the target area for diamond burr keratectomy. This two pronged approach allowed successful management of this group.

Delivering superior forage oat varieties for sub-tropical Australia

This full application seeks ongoing funding for the Agri-Science Queensland's forage oat breeding program through the Meat and Livestock Australia Partners in Innovation program with Heritage Seeds as the Donor Company and the commercial collaborator. The focus of the breeding program will shift to the use of minor genes that confer partial resistance or adult plant resistance to leaf rust. Accumulation of several minor genes in a single variety should produce a high level of effective field resistance, and better durability of resistance, with less likelihood of a mutational change in the pathogen.

Pre-emptive breeding to combine superior eating quality in tropical super sweet corn with resistance to major diseases

This report presents the process and outcomes of a five year project, which employed genetics and breeding approach for integrating disease resistance,agronomy and quality traits that enhances sustainable productivity improvement in sweet corn production. The report outlines a molecular markers based approach to introgress quantitative traits loci that are believed to contribute to resistance to downy mildew, a potentially devastating disease that threatens sweet corn and other similar crops. It also details the approach followed to integrate resistances for other major diseases such as southern rust (caused by Puccinia polysora Underw), Northern Corn Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum) with improved agronomy and eating quality. The report explains the importance of heterosis (hybrid vigour) and combining ability in the development of useful sweet corn hybrids. It also explains the relevance of parental performance to predict its breeding value and the performance of its hybrids.