教养方式、亲子关系对青少年给予母亲情感支持的影响

Emotional support, as an important form of social supports, has great impact on the life of both caregivers and receivers. Many studies on adult children and old parents indicate that emotional support is closely related to parents’ well-being, and the relation quality between old parents and adult children is one of the factors influencing adult children’s support offering. However, the study on adolescents’ emotional support to their parents is quite rare. What’s more, it has been found that emotional support skills children have learnt at home have life-time influence on children’s response to other’s emotional needs. It is assumed that to some extent the emotional support styles between parents and adolescents are relatively stable, and they are related to the care children give to their parents after they advance to old age. Hence, it is necessary to study the emotional support of adolescent in order to at last improve the well-being of old parents. Totally speaking, the aim of this study is to explore the relation between parenting styles and adolescents’ emotional support offering, as well as the effects of mother-child relationships. In addition, culture is a factor having impact on parenting styles, parent-child relationships and emotional support. So we have designed this cross-cultural study to explore cultural differences. The results are as follows: (1) As to Chinese and Indonesian mothers, their Acceptance of adolescents’ behaviors has significant positive predictive effect on children’s emotional support. Besides, the Intimacy and Approval dimensions of mother-child relationships partially mediate the path from parenting styles to emotional support offering, and those effects have no significant difference in China and Indonesia. (2) Chinese and Indonesian mother’s Rejection to adolescents has significant positive predictive effect on Conflict between mothers and adolescents, but has no direct effect on adolescents’ emotional support offering. (3) Adolescents’ support offering has no significant predictive effect on their willingness to help their parents. (4) Adolescents’ support offering has significant predictive effect on their motivation to provide emotional support to their parents. However, the relation between adolescents’ support offering and the willingness to help their parents is not clear. (5) Adolescents have scored high in Acceptance parenting style dimension and relatively low in Rejection dimension, which indicate that mothers in China and Indonesia adopt positive parenting styles. Both Chinese and Indonesian mother-child relationships are good. However, Indonesian adolescents have perceived more Intimacy and Approval from mothers, and there is no significant difference between Chinese and Indonesian adolescents and mothers in the dimension of Conflict.

Clima familiar relacional nas familias adoptivas

Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde - Núcleo de Psicologia Clínica Sistémica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2010

Estilos parentais, dificuldades de leitura e psicopatologia infantil

Tese de doutoramento, Psicologia (Psicologia Clínica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2015

Parent and Peer Factors Relating to Adolescent Antisocial Behaviour: Investigating the Moderating Role of Temperament

The purpose of this study was to examine whether certain temperament characteristics (fearfulness, surgency, frustration, and effortful control) moderate the association between authoritative parenting dimensions (psychological autonomy granting, acceptance-involvement, and monitoring knowledge) or friends' antisocial behaviour, and self-reported antisocial behaviour among adolescents. Questionnaires on adolescent temperament and authoritative parenting were completed by 484 mothers and their adolescent children (54.8% female). In addition, the adolescents responded to measures regarding friends' antisocial behavior and their own antisocial behaviour. Adolescent participants ranged between 13 and 17 years of age (M = 14.96 years, SD = 1.39) and lived in a region of southern Ontario. As predicted, the results indicated that effortful control moderated the association between parental monitoring knowledge and adolescent antisocial behaviour. Also, as predicted, effortful control moderated the relation between friends' antisocial behaviour and adolescents' self-reports of antisocial behaviour although the relation was sex-specific to girls. Unexpected results included a significant monitoring knowledge by frustration by sex interaction, and a significant friends' antisocial behaviour by age interaction. In general, the findings were consistent with the expectation that the relation of parenting and peer factors to antisocial behaviour would depend on adolescents' temperamental predispositions. However, effortful control, which contributes to individual differences in self-regulation abilities, served this moderating role to a greater extent than the measures of temperamental reactivity, including fearfulness, surgency and frustration-proneness. Implications of these results are discussed with reference to parenting or classroom-based interventions that may be especially helpful for adolescents with poor self-regulation abilities.

Relations entre le style parental, le style parental alimentaire et les pratiques alimentaires de la mère et les comportements alimentaires de l’enfant québécois d’âge préscolaire

Le surpoids (embonpoint et obésité) chez l’enfant est un problème préoccupant qui prend de plus en plus d’ampleur. Le rôle du parent dans cette problématique est prédominant, puisqu’il assure la disponibilité des aliments, choisit les mets présentés, joue le rôle de modèle dans l’acte alimentaire et interagit avec l’enfant durant les prises alimentaires pour guider son comportement alimentaire. Le parent offre et façonne l’environnement dans lequel évolue l’enfant. Cette thèse explore le rôle de la mère dans cet environnement. Le parent utilise diverses pratiques alimentaires pour guider l’alimentation de l’enfant. Certaines sont douces, comme encourager positivement l’enfant à essayer un aliment (ex. Goûtes-y, moi je trouve ça très bon!) et d’autres plus coercitives (ex. Tu ne sors pas de table sans avoir terminé ton assiette). Les interactions parent-enfant lors de la prise alimentaire sont susceptibles d’avoir différentes conséquences sur l’alimentation de l’enfant, modifiant possiblement les apports alimentaires, les préférences, la néophobie et le statut pondéral. Les interactions parent-enfant en général, donc hors du contexte précis de l’alimentation, peuvent aussi influencer les comportements alimentaires de l’enfant. L’objectif général de cette thèse est d’explorer les relations entre les interactions parent-enfant en général, aussi nommées « styles parentaux » (SP), les interactions parent-enfant dans le contexte alimentaire, portant le nom de «styles parentaux alimentaires» (SPA), les stratégies alimentaires utilisées par les parents pour guider l’alimentation de l’enfant, nommées « pratiques alimentaires parentales » (PAP), les comportements alimentaires de l’enfant et le statut pondéral de ce dernier. Cette thèse comprend 4 objectifs spécifiques. D’abord, d’examiner les relations entre les SP, les SPA et les PAP. Dans un deuxième temps, les relations entre les SPA, le comportement alimentaire de l’enfant (préférence et fréquence de consommation) et le statut pondéral de l’enfant seront explorées. Puis, l’existence de relations entre l’usage de PAP et le comportement alimentaire de l’enfant sera évaluée. Finalement, les relations entre les attitudes de la mère à l’égard de son poids et de celui de son enfant et du comportement néophobique de l’enfant seront explorées. Cent vingt-deux mères d’enfants d’âge préscolaire, de 3 à 5 ans, ont été recrutées par des milieux de garde de l’île de Montréal et ont complété et retourné un questionnaire auto-administré portant sur le style parental, style parental alimentaire, les PAP, les fréquences de consommation de l’enfant, les préférences de l’enfant pour certains aliments et groupe d’aliments, la néophobie de l’enfant, le poids et la taille de l’enfant, le régime actuel de la mère, la perception du poids de l’enfant, la préoccupation face au poids de l’enfant ainsi que la description du profil familial. Les SP, les SPA et les PAP montrent des corrélations. Les SPA, plus particulièrement les deux échelles qui les composent (exigence et sensibilité) montrent des corrélations avec la consommation et la préférence pour certains aliments. Des différences sont aussi notées entre les différents SPA et le statut pondéral de l’enfant et certains comportements alimentaires. La présente thèse suggère une implication de trois concepts, soient les SP, les SPA et les PAP, dans la dynamique alimentaire de la dyade mère-enfant. Des relations importantes entre les SPA et les préférences alimentaires sont suggérées. Les futures recherches dans ce domaine devront évaluer l’impact relatif des PAP, des SP et des SPA sur le comportement alimentaire (consommation et préférence) et le poids de l’enfant. Une intervention efficace visant des changements de comportements alimentaires auprès des familles devra adresser à la fois les PAP, mais aussi les SP et les SPA.

L'engagement parental des mères et des pères : associations avec la relation coparentale et l'adaptation socio-affective à l'âge préscolaire

La majorité des études qui ont cherché à identifier les déterminants d’un développement harmonieux chez l’enfant ont considéré l’impact des variables maternelles ou paternelles sur ce dernier, mais rares sont celles qui ont tenu compte des deux parents, des influences et des interactions entre ceux-ci, ou même de la relation qu’ils entretiennent en tant que coparents. La présente recherche a pour objectif de pallier à ces faiblesses afin de mieux cerner les déterminants de l’engagement parental des mères et des pères, ainsi que de l’adaptation de l’enfant. Dans ce but, 70 familles (père, mère et enfant) ont été recrutées par l’intermédiaire de centres de la petite enfance (CPE) de la région de Montréal, pour former un échantillon qui comporte 38 garçons et 32 filles âgés de 34 à 70 mois. Les parents participants ont été visités à deux reprises par un assistant de recherche pour la complétion de questionnaires qui ont permis d’évaluer l’engagement parental, la relation coparentale et l’adaptation de l’enfant. On observe plusieurs relations significatives entre l’engagement parental et différentes dimensions de la relation coparentale, surtout dans les domaines traditionnellement réservés aux mères. La coparentalité et l’engagement parental apparaissent aussi reliés à la compétence sociale de l’enfant, mais pas à l’anxiété/retrait de ce dernier, ni à son agressivité/irritabilité. Des analyses de régression hiérarchique ont été effectuées afin d’expliquer la variance l’engagement parental par les caractéristiques de la relation coparentale, puis la variance de l’adaptation de l’enfant par la relation coparentale et l’engagement parental des mères et des pères. Ces analyses ont notamment permis de constater que certaines caractéristiques du père modèrent la relation entre les croyances parentales de la mère et la participation relative des deux parents au soutien émotionnel, aux jeux et à l’introduction de nouveauté. Elles ont également permis de cerner une relation de médiation, dans laquelle les croyances paternelles sont positivement associées à la chaleur paternelle, qui est elle-même positivement associée à la compétence sociale de l’enfant. La discussion met en évidence l’importance d’étudier l’engagement parental et l’adaptation de l’enfant dans un cadre systémique, qui s’intéresse à la fois aux caractéristiques des mères et des pères, à la relation entre les parents et aux influences que mère et père ont l’un sur l’autre.

Niveles de andr??genos, estilos parentales y conducta agresiva en ni??os y ni??as de 5-6 a??os de edad

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Estudo das propriedades psicométricas do inventário de estilos parentais de young no Brasil

Parenting styles concern overall interaction characteristics between parents and children. To assess them, it is important to build and adapt valid and reliable instruments. The main objectives of this dissertation were to translate, adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Young Parenting Inventory (YPI) for the Brazilian context, as seek associations between the YPI and Familiogram Test (FG). In current study, YPI was adapted to Portuguese by backtranslation method. Content analyses were made by five judges. 920 high school and college students (543 females), whose ages were between 14 and 69 years (M = 21.3, SD = 6.1), filled out the research instruments. Data were collected in Natal, Petrolina and Brasilia cities and Porto Alegre metropolitan region. The results confirmed the existence of five factors. Final version of the YPI was composed by 49 items. Exploratory factorial analysis (principal components) were conducted using oblimin rotation. Five factors extracted explained 45.12% of the maternal scale variance and 47.59% of paternal scale. Each factor explained, at least, 3% of the variance and showed Eigenvalue over than 1.5. All items have factorial loadings values above 0.3. The confirmatory factorial analysis has showed fit statistics reasonably adequate: for maternal scale,  ² [1114] = 4636.38, p < 0.001,  ² / df = 4.16, with GFI = 0.83, AGFI = 0.81 and RMSEA = 0.06; for paternal scale,  ² [1114] = 5133.69 p < 0.001,  ² / df = 4.61, with GFI = 0.81, AGFI = 0.79 and RMSEA = 0,06. Thus, final instrument was composed by the following factors: (I) Disconnection and Rejection ( = 0.89 and 0.90), (II) Affectivity and Emotional Stability ( = 0.85 and 0.88); (III) Overvigilance and Other Directedness ( = 0.83 and 0.85), (IV) Overprotection and Impaired Autonomy ( = 0.78 and 0.79) and (V) Impaired Limits ( = 0.66 and 0.71). Finally, relations between the YPI and FG were assessed. Pearson's correlations between the YPI and FG showed moderated associations, particularly between the factors Affectivity (YPI) and Affection (FG) (r = 0.69 and 0.7 for maternal and paternal scale, respectively); and the factors Disconnection and Rejection (YPI) and Conflict (FG) (r = 0.59 and 0.58). The regression models indicated that over than 40% of variance of factors of FG can be predicted by factors of YPI. Beta coefficients for Affection-Affectivity relation were 0.67 (maternal scale) and 0.53 (paternal scale); for Disconnection-Conflict relation were 0.31 (maternal scale) and 0.44 (paternal scale). We conclude the YPI has adequate psychometric parameters and can be used in future research in this area. However, adjustments in the structure of the YPI were made. Moreover, it is suggested further studies to consider other samples and variables, increasing the knowing of parenting styles and the Young‟s theory in the Brazilian context

Desempenho escolar da criança vitimizada encaminhada ao fórum judicial

O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar o desempenho escolar da criança vítima de violência doméstica atendida no Fórum Judicial. Participaram do estudo 20 crianças vitimizadas comparadas com seus pares da mesma sala de aula, mesmo sexo e mesma faixa etária, mas sem histórico de violência doméstica, suas respectivas mães e professoras. As crianças responderam ao Teste de Desempenho Escolar, Inventário de Estilos Parentais e ao Teste de Raven (Escala Especial) e apresentaram o caderno escolar. As mães responderam a uma entrevista e a Escala de Táticas de Conflitos Revisada (CTS-2). As professoras apresentaram sua opinião sobre o desempenho acadêmico dos participantes. Os dados obtidos mostraram que a criança vitimizada tem desempenho escolar inferior ao grupo controle. Os resultados da CTS-2 indicaram que a maioria das crianças vitimizadas estava exposta à violência conjugal. O estudo mostrou que, além da violência doméstica direta e indireta, tais crianças estavam expostas a outros fatores de risco, tais como, pobreza, baixa escolaridade materna e uso de álcool e/ou droga por familiares.

Família, adolescência e estilos parentais

O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi identificar os estilos parentais característicos de famílias provenientes de contextos de alta vulnerabilidade social. A amostra foi composta por 62 adolescentes, com idade entre 12 e 17 anos, de ambos os sexos, e suas respectivas famílias. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se uma escala de exigência e responsividade, aplicada de forma coletiva nos adolescentes, além da análise de documentos constantes nos prontuários das famílias. Os resultados principais indicaram que as famílias eram geralmente numerosas, com estruturas diversas, e que os adolescentes percebiam seus pais mais como autoritativos do que como negligentes.

Estudo comparativo entre estilos parentais e o desempenho intelectual de crianças com alta e baixa plumbemia

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Práticas parentais e indicadores de ansiedade, depressão e estresse maternos

Pós-graduação em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem - FC

Práticas educativas de mães de bebês: efeitos de um programa de intervenção

This research aims to describe the effects of an intervention program focusing on parenting practices of mothers of babies by comparing pre- and post -test (intragroup comparison) performed with groups of adolescent mothers and adult mothers (intergroup comparison). Participants were 40 mothers, 20 adolescents and 20 adults. To collect data we used the Parenting Styles Inventory for Mothers of Babies (IEPMB), applied before and after the intervention, which is characterized for ten weekly meetings on topics related to the cycle of human development and parenting practices. The results showed significantly better educational practices for adolescent mothers compared to adult mothers especially in the first evaluation conducted. The intervention group was effective for most participants, adults and adolescents, who improved their parenting practices or remained appropriate. It discusses the importance of interventional groups to improve parenting practices of mothers of babies.

Relações entre os estilos parentais e juízo moral de adolescentes

Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS