La plasticité du système nerveux entérique au cours de l'inflammation : réexpression de PSA-NCAM dans un modèle de colite expérimentale chez le rat adulte

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

An elevated PSA, which normalizes, does not exclude the presence of prostate cancer

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of prostate cancer in patients who have an elevated referral prostate-specific antigen (PSA), which subsequently falls to within their normal age-specific reference range prior to prostate biopsy. The study demonstrated that of the 160 patients recruited, 21 (13%) had a repeat PSA level which had fallen back to within their normal range. Five of these 21 patients (24%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer following biopsy, two of whom had a benign prostate examination. The study, therefore, demonstrates that normalisation of the PSA level prior to biopsy does not exclude the presence of prostate cancer even when the prostate feels benign.

A Lab-in-a-briefcase for rapid prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening from whole blood

We present a new concept for rapid and fully portable Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) measurement, termed “Lab-in-a-Briefcase”, which integrates an affordable microfluidic ELISA platform utilising a melt-extruded fluoropolymer Micro Capillary Film (MCF) containing 10 bore, 200 μm internal diameter capillaries, a disposable multi-syringe aspirator (MSA) plus a sample tray pre-loaded with all required immunoassay reagents, and a portable film scanner for colorimetric signal digital quantitation. Each MSA can perform 10 replicate microfluidic immunoassays on 8 samples, allowing 80measurements to be made in less than 15 minutes based on semi-automated operation and norequirement of additional fluid handling equipment. An assay was optimised for measurement of a clinically relevant range of PSA from 0.9 to 60.0 ng/ml in 15 minutes with CVs in the order of 5% based on intra-assay variability when read using a consumer flatbed film scanner. The PSA assay performance in the MSA remained robust in the presence of undiluted or 1:2 diluted human serum or whole blood, and the matrix effect could simply be overcome by extending sample incubation times. The PSA "Lab-in-a-briefcase" is particularly suited to a low-resource health setting where diagnostic labs and automated immunoassay systems are not accessible, by allowing PSA measurement outside the laboratory using affordable equipment.

A role for hippocampal PSA-NCAM and NMDA-NR2B receptor function in flavonoid-induced spatial memory improvements in young rats

The increase in incidence and prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases highlights the need for a more comprehensive understanding of how food components may affect neural systems. In particular, flavonoids have been recognized as promising agents capable of influencing different aspects of synaptic plasticity resulting in improvements in memory and learning in both animals and humans. Our previous studies highlight the efficacy of flavonoids in reversing memory impairments in aged rats, yet little is known about the effects of these compounds in healthy animals, particularly with respect to the molecular mechanisms by which flavonoids might alter the underlying synaptic modifications responsible for behavioral changes. We demonstrate that a 3-week intervention with two dietary doses of flavonoids (Dose I: 8.7 mg/day and Dose II: 17.4 mg/day) facilitates spatial memory acquisition and consolidation (24 recall) (p < 0.05) in young healthy rats. We show for the first time that these behavioral improvements are linked to increased levels in the polysialylated form of the neural adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, which is known to be required for the establishment of durable memories. We observed parallel increases in hippocampal NMDA receptors containing the NR2B subunit for both 8.7 mg/day (p < 0.05) and 17.4 mg/day (p < 0.001) doses, suggesting an enhancement of glutamate signaling following flavonoid intervention. This is further strengthened by the simultaneous modulation of hippocampal ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling and the activation of the Akt/mTOR/Arc pathway, which are crucial in inducing changes in the strength of hippocampal synaptic connections that underlie learning. Collectively, the present data supports a new role for PSA-NCAM and NMDA-NR2B receptor on flavonoid-induced improvements in learning and memory, contributing further to the growing body of evidence suggesting beneficial effects of flavonoids in cognition and brain health.

Portable smartphone quantitation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in a fluoropolymer microfluidic device

We present a new, power-free and flexible detection system named MCFphone for portable colorimetric and fluorescence quantitative sandwich immunoassay detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA). The MCFphone is composed by a smartphone integrated with a magnifying lens, a simple light source and a miniaturised immunoassay platform, the Microcapillary Film (MCF). The excellent transparency and flat geometry of fluoropolymer MCF allowed quantitation of PSA in the range 0.9 to 60 ng/ml with < 7 % precision in 13 minutes using enzymatic amplification and a chromogenic substrate. The lower limit of detection was further improved from 0.4 to 0.08 ng/ml in whole blood samples with the use of a fluorescence substrate. The MCFphone has shown capable of performing rapid (13 to 22 minutes total assay time) colorimetric quantitative and highly sensitive fluorescence tests with good %Recovery, which represents a major step in the integration of a new generation of inexpensive and portable microfluidic devices with commercial immunoassay reagents and off-the-shelf smartphone technology.

Influência da ingestão dietética de extrato de tomate nos níveis plasmáticos de antígeno prostático específico (PSA) em pacientes com hiperplasia benigna da próstata

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O efeito do toque retal sobre a dosagem sérica do antígeno prostático específico (PSA) em uma campanha de rastreamento para o câncer de próstata

A dosagem do PSA associada ao toque retal (TR), figuram como os exames iniciais na detecção do câncer de próstata, sendo não raras vezes realizados no mesmo dia, sobretudo em campanhas de rastreamento. Sabe-se que diversos tipos de manipulações sobre a próstata podem provocar elevações na dosagem sérica do PSA; o efeito do TR, contudo, não está totalmente esclarecido. O presente estudo foi realizado no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, em outubro de 2000, e teve como principal objetivo estabelecer a influência do TR sobre a dosagem sérica do PSA total e de sua fração livre. A partir de uma amostra inicial de 253 indivíduos, extraídos de uma campanha anual para rastreamento do câncer de próstata (Quinzena de Próstata), realizou-se duas coletas de sangue intercaladas entre si por um TR. Para a análise estatística considerou-se significativo um p < 0,05. A média de idade do grupo foi de 61,5 anos, 80% dos quais de etnia caucasiana e cerca de 50% do total referindo-se assintomáticos. A mediana do PSA pré-TR foi de 1,30ng/ml e a do pós-TR de 1,80ng/ml, sendo que após o TR verificou-se uma elevação do PSA em mais de 80% dos indivíduos (teste de Wilcoxon, p<0,0001). 1/5 da amostra (52 pacientes), dos quais 32 deles com PSAs ≤ 4ng/ml, evidenciaram aumentos iguais ou superiores a 1 ng/ml Sete pacientes (≅ 3% da amostra) com PSAs dentro do intervalo de normalidade (0-4ng/ml) antes do TR passaram a apresentar PSAs alterados após o mesmo. O PSA livre obteve uma mediana percentual de aumentos proporcionalmente mais elevada que a do PSA total (183% para 26% do PSA total). Dentre as variáveis estudadas, a idade demonstrou ser um dos principais fatores a influenciar os resultados (elevações maiores proporcionais ao aumento das faixas etárias). Outros fatores como o volume prostático e o achado de prostatite à biópsia também foram relevantes. No nosso estudo, o tempo entre o TR e a segunda coleta de PSA não influenciou significativamente os resultados (6 a 330 min). Baseados nestes resultados recomendamos, pois, que em campanhas de rastreamento e em outras situações equivalentes, o PSA seja coletado previamente ao TR e não após este, a fim de evitar-se a utilização de resultados não fidedignos.

Serum and urinary measurements of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) in dogs

Realizaram-se mensurações sérica e urinária de fosfatase ácida prostática (PAP) e antígeno prostático específico (PSA) de 20 cães. Os testes de PAP e PSA foram feitos em um equipamento automatizado, com o uso de kits comerciais para humanos. A média de PAP sérico foi de 0,7U/l e urinário 0,U/l. As médias do PSA sérico e urinário foram 0,005ng/dL e 0,004ng/dl, respectivamente. A determinação do dois biomarcadores in vivo é uma nova opção de diagnóstico na medicina veterinária e os valores obtidos devem ser correlacionados com a lesão morfológica da próstata.

Polymorphisms in the AR and PSA Genes as Markers of Susceptibility and Aggressiveness in Prostate Cancer

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)