Antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of crude extract, fractions and 4-nerolidylcathecol from aerial parts of pothomorphe umbellata L. (Piperaceae)

The crude ethanolic extract from aerial parts of Pothomorphe umbellata L. (Piperaceae) and fractions obtained by partitions sequentially among water-methanol, methylene chloride, and ethyl acetate, as well as the major constituent, 4-nerolidylcatechol, were, respectively, evaluated and evidenced for antioxidant and cytotoxic effects through fluorometric microplate and microculture tetrazolium assays in HL-60 cells. The crude ethanolic extract demonstrated the preeminent antioxidant activity (IC50 = 1.2 μg/mL) against exogenous cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species, followed by the water-methanolic (IC50 = 4.5 μg/mL), methylene chloride (IC 50 = 5.9 g/mL), ethyl acetate (IC50 = 8.0 g/mL), 4-nerolidylcatechol (IC50 = 8.6 g/mL), and the sterol fractions (IC50 > 12.5 μg/mL). Vitamin C, the positive control used in this assay, presented IC50 value equivalent to 1.7 μg/mL. 4-Nerolidylcatechol (IC50 = 0.4 μg/mL) and methylene chloride fraction (IC50 = 2.3 μg/mL) presented considerable cytotoxicity probably because of the presence of an o-quinone, an auto-oxidation by product of the catechol. Polar compounds, present in the ethanol extract, appear to increase the solubility and stability of the major active constituent, acting synergistically with 4-nerolidylcatechol, improving its pharmacokinetic parameters and increasing significantly its antioxidant activity which, in turn, suggests that the aqueous-ethanolic extract, used in folklore medicine, is safe and effective. © 2013 Andrey P. Lopes et al.

Prospecção química e avaliação de atividade biológica de Pothomorphe Umbellata frente a algumas linhagens de dermatófitos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Produção de biomassa foliar, óleo essencial e 4-Nerolidilcatecol de Pothomorphe umbellata(L.) Miq

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Potencial morfogenético e carotenóides em tecidos cultivados in vitro de Pothomorphe umbellata L

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Apoptosis induction by 4-nerolidylcatechol in melanoma cell lines

Pothomorphe umbellata, a native Brazilian plant, is popularly known to be effective in the treatment of skin lesions. This benefit is attributed to 4-nerolidylcatechol (4-NC) a compound extracted from P. umbellata. Since melanomas show prominent resistance to apoptosis and exhibit extreme chemoresistance to multiple forms of therapy, novel compounds addressing induction of cell death are worth investigating. Here, we evaluated effects on cell cycle progression and possible cytotoxic activity of 4-NC in melanoma cell lines as well as human dermal fibroblasts. Inhibitory effects on cell invasion and MMP activity were also investigated. 4-NC showed cytotoxic activity for all melanoma cell lilies tested (IC(50) = 20-40 mu M, 24 h for tumoral cell lines: IC(50) = 50 mu M for fibroblast cell line) associated with its capacity to induce apoptosis. Furthermore, this is the first time that 4-NC is described as an inhibitor of cell invasiveness, due mainly to a G I cell cycle arrest and inhibition of MMP-2 activity in melanoma cell lines. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Host-guest system of 4-nerolidylcatechol in 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin: preparation, characterization and molecular modeling

The interaction of 4-nerolidylcatechol (4-NRC), a potent antioxidant agent, and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) was investigated by the solubility method using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) methods in addition to UV-Vis, (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and molecular modeling. The inclusion complexes were prepared using grinding, kneading and freeze-drying methods. According to phase solubility studies in water a B(S)-type diagram was found, displaying a stoichiometry complexation of 2:1 (drug:host) and stability constant of 6494 +/- A 837 M(-1). Stoichiometry was established by the UV spectrophotometer using Job`s plot method and, also confirmed by molecular modeling. Data from (1)H-NMR, and FTIR, experiments also provided formation evidence of an inclusion complex between 4-NRC and HP-beta-CD. 4-NRC complexation indeed led to higher drug solubility and stability which could probably be useful to improve its biological properties and make it available to oral administration and topical formulations.

Efeito de extratos aquosos de plantas na oviposição da traça-das-crucíferas, em couve

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Enraizamento de plantas cultivadas in vitro

The adventitious rooting process of in vitro cultured plantlets is a technique that has been employed for the vegetative propagation of a significant number of native and exotic species. Many factors are associated with the rooting stage influencing positive and/or negatively the establishment of micropropagation protocols. The objective of this work was a literature review of the main inherent factors concerning in vitro rooting process including the correlation among others the endogenous and exogenous auxins levels, juvenility, genotype, mineral nutrition, culture medium conditions, addition of growth regulators and other substances as phenolic compounds and active coal besides growth environmental conditions of in vitro cultures. Although the complete elucidation of all processes involved with rooting of in vitro cultured plants has not been achieved so far, a comprehensive study of the main factors that interfere on rooting is fundamental for the establishment of new researches that might contribute for the rooting of economically important plants.

Flavonas, lignanas e terpeno de Piper umbellata (Piperaceae)

The phytochemical investigation of Piper umbellata leaves yielded nine compounds including one terpenoid glucoside, five flavones (vitexin 2"-O-β-glucopyranoside, apigenin 8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside,orientin 8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside,5-hydroxy-7,3',4'-trimethoxy-flavone and velutin), two lignans (sesamin e dihydrocubebin) and 4-nerolidylcathecol. Excepting 4-nerolidylcathecol, all compounds have not been described from this species yet.

Flavonas, lignanas e terpeno de Piper umbellata (Piperaceae)

The phytochemical investigation of Piper umbellata leaves yielded nine compounds including one terpenoid glucoside, five flavones (vitexin 2"-O-β-glucopyranoside, apigenin 8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside,orientin 8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside,5-hydroxy-7,3',4'-trimethoxy-flavone and velutin), two lignans (sesamin e dihydrocubebin) and 4-nerolidylcathecol. Excepting 4-nerolidylcathecol, all compounds have not been described from this species yet.

Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and iron (II)-dependent DNA damage by extracts of Pothomorphe peltata (L.) Miq

Leaves of Pothomorphe peltata (L.) Miq. (Piperaceae) are used locally as anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, hepatoprotective and diuretic infusions and to treat external ulcers and local infections in several parts of the Peruvian, Bolivian and Brazilian Amazon region. The antioxidant activity of different extracts of P. peltata was studied using the hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence assay in liver homogenates, and the methanolic extract was found to have the highest antioxidant activity, with an IC50 = 4 µg/ml. Aqueous and dichloromethane extracts did not show antioxidant activity. The extracts were further evaluated using the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Finally, an assay of DNA sugar damage induced by Fe (II) salt was used to determine the capacity of the extracts to suppress the oxidative degradation of DNA. All the extracts showed antioxidant activity in the latter two bioassays. The methanolic extract showed the highest activity in reducing oxidative damage to DNA, with an IC50 = 5 µg/ml. Since this extract was highly effective in reducing chemiluminescence and DNA damage, and because the latter activity could be due to the presence of compounds that bind to DNA, DNA-binding activity was studied using the DNA-methyl green (DNA-MG) bioassay. A 30% decrease in the initial absorbance of DNA-MG complex was observed in the methanolic extract at 1000 µg/ml, suggesting the presence of compounds that bind to genetic material. No DNA-binding activity was observed in the aqueous or dichloromethane extracts

Avaliação do perfil psicofarmacológico de psicolatina isolada de psychotria umbellata (rubiaceae)

Estudos prévios mostraram que psicolatina (o alcalóide indolmonoterpênico, isolado de Psychotria umbellata (Vell.)) possui moderada atividade analgésica em modelos experimentais de dor que envolvem a participação de receptores opióides e glutamatérgicos do tipo NMDA. Visto que a psicolatina encontra-se em grande quantidade nesta espécie, e que receptores NMDA estão envolvidos em uma grande variedade de processos, incluindo memória, plasticidade neural, ansiedade e depressão, este estudo buscou avaliar o perfil psicofarmacológico de psicolatina, bem como seus efeitos centrais ou interações com alguns sistemas neurotransmissores como receptores glutamatérgicos NMDA, serotonérgico (5-HT), dopaminérgico (DA), gabaérgico (GABA) e colinérgico (Ach). Em dois modelos comportamentais de ansiedade, a psicolatina mostrou atividade ansiolítica revertida pela administração prévia de ritanserina (antagonista serotonérgico 5-HT2A/C), sendo, portanto, esta ação relacionada à modulação destes receptores. A psicolatina não parece interferir com receptores GABAérgicos, já que a atividade ansiolítica não foi revertida por picrotoxina e também porque a psicolatina não mostrou atividade anticonvulsivante no modelo das convulsões induzidas por pentilenotetrazol. A psicolatina também apresentou atividade antidepressiva e amnésica, atividades que também estão relacionadas à modulação de receptores serotonérgicos. Além disso, a psicolatina protege animais das convulsões induzidas por NMDA, além de reverter a hiperlocomoção induzida por dizocilpina, sugerindo que o mecanismo de ação de psicolatina também envolve o glutamato. A inibição do comportamento de escalada induzida por apomorfina e a proteção à letalidade induzida por anfetamina podem ser resultantes da modulação indireta de receptores dopaminérgicos exercida pelo glutamato e pela serotonina. A psicolatina modifica diferentemente o estado oxidativo basal em distintas áreas cerebrais de camundongos; aumentando a capacidade antioxidante total no hipocampo e no córtex, mas a formação de radicais livres sendo reduzida apenas no córtex. Esses resultados são consistentes com o relato de atividade antioxidante de derivados indólicos. A psicolatina administrada agudamente por via oral não apresentou nenhum sinal de toxicidade até 1g/kg; por via intraperitoneal, sinais de toxicidade só estão presentes em doses bem maiores do que as que apresentam os efeitos acima mencionados. Conclui-se que a psicolatina apresenta um padrão psicofarmacológico semelhante a drogas que modulam receptores NMDA e 5-HT, os quais tem papel proeminente em diversos distúrbios psiquiátricos e neurológicos. Assim, o presente estudo reforça a idéia de que este alcalóide indol-monoterpênico pode ser explorado como modelo estrutural para o desenvolvimento de drogas que atuem nestes subtipos de receptores.

Flavonas, lignanas e terpeno de Piper umbellata (Piperaceae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)