Obesidade adolescente, composição corporal e aptidão física

RESUMO: A principal razão que me levou a escolher este estágio e esta intervenção, foi o facto de gostar muito de trabalhar com jovens. Esse gosto, aliado à paixão que tenho pelo exercício e saúde, trouxe-me para um projecto que visa alterar e promover estilos de vida saudáveis em jovens obesos com idades entre os 12 e os 16 anos de idade. O estágio teve a duração de 10 meses, de Outubro de 2010 a Julho de 2011. Começamos com a definição dos protocolos a implementar e das tarefas a realizar. A primeira dessas tarefas, centrava-se no recrutamento da amostra que pretendíamos para desenvolver o estudo. Paralelamente ao projecto TOP, colaborámos também nas consultas de obesidade pediátrica no Hospital de Santa Maria, o que nos permitiu recrutar jovens que iam às consultas e incluí-los no projecto TOP. Após termos efectuado o recrutamento, começámos com as aulas práticas e teóricas. Essas aulas ocorriam na Universidade Lusófona, todos os sábados, das 10 às 12 horas. Eram sempre da nossa responsabilidade as aulas práticas, e as teóricas quando se falava de exercício. Nas aulas práticas realizavam-se circuitos, jogos tradicionais, jogos colectivos, e jogos que promovessem a competição saudável e a inter-ajuda, visto que ali todos os participantes tinham um objectivo comum. Durante o ano foram realizadas duas colónias de férias, onde organizámos outro tipo de actividades, nomeadamente mini-golf e caminhadas na zona do Jamor. Tanto as colónias de férias, como as avaliações eram da nossa inteira responsabilidade, desde a preparação, à execução e realização das mesmas. De referir que, tendo em conta os resutados obtidos, os participantes que melhoraram na sua capacidade cardiovascular apresentaram igualmente melhoras ao nível da composição corporal, nomeadamente com a diminuição do perímetro da anca e do perímetro acima das cristas ilíacas. Importa ainda referir que ocorreram melhorias significativas (p <0,05) ao nível da composição corporal, no que se refere ao perímetro da meia distância entre a grelha costal e as cristas ilíacas, no teste da flexibilidade dos membros inferiores e na força média. Os objectivos do estágio centravam-se em adquirir competências no que diz respeito a conhecer as características da população alvo tanto das consultas como do programa TOP, saber aplicar as recomendações internacionais de actividade física para adolescentes obesos, ser capaz de adaptar a prescrição de exercício às diferentes necessidades dos adolescentes, planear e colocar em prática os planos de aula da componente física do TOP, conduzir de forma autónoma uma consulta de avaliação e aconselhamento físico, interagir em contexto clínico com especialidades de outras áreas de intervenção, planear e implementar a calendarização das sessões teórico-práticas do Projecto TOP, saber colaborar com uma equipa multidisciplinar num ambiente clínico e colaborar na intervenção e elaboração de um projecto científico. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que uma replicação futura deste projecto, tendo em conta sempre limitações que possam ocorrer, por exemplo, ao nível dos protocolos e testes, pode melhorar a qualidade de vida do adolescente, com vista a um futuro adulto mais saudável.ABSTRACT: The main reason that made me decide on this internship is the fact that I enjoy working with young people. This, combined with the passion I have for exercising and health, led me to a project aiming at changing lifestyles by promoting a healthy lifestyle among obese young people aged between 12 and 16 years old. The internship lasted for 10 months, from October 2010 to July 2011. We started with the definition of protocols to implement and carry out the POT project (Pediatric Obesity Treatment). The first task focused on the recruitment of the sample we needed to conduct the study for this project. Along with the POT project, we‟ve also collaborated in clinical pediatric obesity surgery in Santa Maria Hospital, which allowed us to recruit young people who came to surgery and include them in the sample. After having carried out the recruitment, we started with the practical and theoretical lessons. These lessons took place at the Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias (ULHT) every month on Saturdays from 10 to 12. It was always our responsibility to prepare and present both the physical lessons and the theoretical ones concerning advice on everyday exercising. During practical lessons, circuits, traditional games and team games were held in order to promote a healthy competition and mutual help, since all the participants had a common goal. During the year there were two holiday camps, where we did many more activities, including mini-golf and walking in the area of Jamor. In those camps, all activities and evaluation sessions were our responsibility. By analysing the results we came to the conclusion that the participants who improved their cardiovascular capacity also improved their body composition, particularly with the reduction of the hip circumference and the circumference above the iliac crests. It should also be noted that significant improvements (p <0.05) in terms of body composition occurred namely concerning the circumference of the half distance between the rib cage and the iliac crests, the test of lower limbs flexibility and average strength. The objectives of the internship were to develop the ability to understand the characteristics of the adolescents in the POT project, know how to apply international recommendations for physical activity for obese adolescents, being able to individualize the exercise prescription for the different needs of adolescents, plan and implement physical and theorical lessons, conduct an independent surgery with a physical evaluation and counseling, interact in the context of other clinical speciality areas, plan and implement the scheduling of theoretical-practical sessions, learn how to collaborate with a multidisciplinary team in a clinical setting, intervene and collaborate in the development of a scientific project. The results show that a future replication of this project, always taking into account constraints that may occur, for example, the ones concerning the protocols, the testing, can improve the quality of life of adolescents aiming to a healthier adult life.

Estudo da correlação das características dermatoglífica e somatotípica com as qualidades físicas das atletas de voleibol da Seleção Infanto-juvenil do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte

The purpose of the present study is to identify the dermatoglyphic and somatotypic characteristics and the physical qualities of athletes from the under-17 State volleyball team, in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The sample was composed of athletes, n = 14, aged 15.0 ± 0.88 years, weight (Kg) 58.3 ± 5.90 and height (cm) 169.4 ± 7.97, members of the referred team. For data collection Cummins & Midlo s (1942), o dermatoglyphic method and Heath & Carter s (1967) somatotypic method were used and to evaluate physical qualities, 2400m, 50m, Shuttle Run, abdominal , Sargent test and medicine-ball toss were performed. Fingerprints show that the group presents genetic predisposition for the following physical qualities: explosive force and velocity. As to somatotype, the group was endo-ectomorphic. At physical evaluation the group presented low Vo2 max values and reasonable levels of explosive force, local muscular endurance, agility and velocity. We conclude that: according to the dermatoglyphic model observed, the group needs training strategies to improve coordination and agility; somatotype reveals the necessity for reducing fat levels and increasing muscular mass; the evaluation of physical qualities demonstrates the need for better physical preparation. This study traces the profile of the under-17 volleyball player from Rio Grande do Norte, with respect to genetic and somatotypic aspects and physical qualities, which will serve as a parameter for future state teams

Medidas antropométricas e avaliação do perfil lipídico de indivíduos obesos e com sobrepeso residentes no Estado do RN

Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Obesity significantly increases the risk of developing numerous medical conditions, besides is associated with shortened life span. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric measurements and lipid profile in adult overweight and obese subjects residents in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The methodology was the analysis of certain biochemical parameters in serum of individuals and a physical evaluation that consisted of measurements of blood pressure and anthropometric data. In addition, the volunteers of the research answered a questionnaire about personal, social and clinical data. 1741 samples were collected, of which 432 (24,8%) were obese. Of these, 280 were selected to participate in the study, including 118 (42,1%) men and 162 (57,9%) women. Of the remaining 1309 individuals, 731 (55,8%) were overweight. Among them, 179 (24.5%) were analyzed in this study, with 56,4% female. Of the remaining 578 normal individuals, 143 were selected as controls in the research. Amid the obese, overweight and eutrophic, there were respectively 10% vs 5% vs 5,6% of diabetics, 92,1% vs 85,5% vs 68,7% of dyslipidemics and 38,6% vs 22,3% vs 15,6% of hypertensive patients. The degree of obesity presented by the participants was varied, with the majority (72,8%) fall into grade I obese, 22,9% (64) in grade II and only 4,3% (12) in grade III. Mean anthropometric participants showed statistically significant differences between groups eutrophic, overweight and obese on the BMI, WC, WHR and %BF and between sexes in CC, WHR and %BF. As the mean serum biochemical parameters to evaluate the lipid profile showed significant differences between groups eutrophic, overweight and obese, unless the exception of HDL among overweight and obese. The significance level was 5% (p <0.05)

Serum protein concentrations, including acute phase proteins, in calves experimentally infected with Salmonella Dublin

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliacao da necessidade da dosagem rotineira de hematocrito, hemoglobina, ureia e creatinina sericos durante a avaliacao pre-anestesica

Background and Objectives - There are many questions and opinions about the value of routine preoperative tests as an integral part of the preanesthetic evaluation. Current trends suggest that such tests should be based on detailed clinical and physical evaluation. Since such tests are still routinely performed and questions about their real value still persist, the aim of this study was to assess the value of routine hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine results in patients undergoing elective surgery, to establish when they are needed and aiming at answering such questions. Methods - 1065 patients aged 12 years and above, physical status ASA I, II and III, scheduled for elective surgery were studied. Patients were divided into 7 different age groups with randomized distribution of gender. Ht, Hb, BUN and serum creatinine results, routinely asked by our surgical departments, were observed and analyzed. Variance Analysis was used for each variable, and the Bonferroni Multiple Comparison Test was used to compare group to group. Differences were considered significant when p < 0.05 (5%). Results - For all patients, 4025 laboratory tests were obtained. The number of tests was the same for each group. There were no differences in Ht and Hb values which remained within normal ranges. Considering BUN and serum creatinine, there was a difference between younger and older patients, but the results were normal in all groups. Conclusions - We concluded that mean Ht, Hb, BUN and serum creatinine values in all age groups were all acceptable for surgical patients in general. However, they are barely useful if performed regardless of clinical evaluation. Thus, such preoperative routine tests should be abandoned and the good clinical practice with common sense should prevail in indicating them.

Obesidade e sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e desesperança em mulheres sedentárias e não sedentárias

The aim of this field study was to verify if there is a relation between obesity and symptoms of depression, anxiety and hopelessness in 40 women aged 30,35 on average (± 8,60), divided into two groups: non-sedentary ones, characterized for doing a physical activity at least three times a week for three weeks in a row and sedentary ones, characterized by not practicing any type of regular physical activity when recruited. The method consisted of: objective evaluations of humor, through Beck Inventories of Anxiety (BAI), Depression (BDI) and Hopelessness (BHS) and Physical Evaluation, including total body mass, height, waist and hip circumferences and skin folds thickness. Calculations of the body mass index (BMI), of the waist/hip index (WHI) and of the percentage of corporal fat (%F) were performed in order to evaluate the presence and level of obesity. Results of the analysis of regression to square minimum supported the initial hypothesis concerning the existence of a relation between obesity and psychic symptoms only in sedentary women (BDI/WHI, p=0,035, BDI/BMI, p=0,009, BDI/%G, p=0,019, BAI/BMI, p=0,009, BAI/%G, p=0,037, BHS/WHI, p=0,025, BHS/BMI, p=0,041), once the relation of dependency could not be confirmed in non-sedentary women BDI/WHI, p=0,750, BDI/BMI, p=0,141, BDI/%G, p=0,064, BAI/WHI, p=0,729, BAI/BMI, p=0,384, BAI/%G, p=0,246, BHS/WHI, p=0,491, BHS/BMI, p=0,986, BHS/%G, p=0,322) and the greater the level of obesity, the greater the level of psychic symptoms in both groups. These observations seem to point out that the practice of physical activities was a factor of minimization of presence and intensity of psychic symptoms in non-sedentary women.

Determination of critical velocity and anaerobic capacity of running rats

The aim of this study was to validate a non-invasive protocol to determine aerobic and anaerobic capacity of treadmill running rats. Thirteen male Wistar rats (90 days old) were submitted to 4 exercise tests, consisting of running at 25, 30, 35 and 40 m min-1, continuously until exhaustion. For the critical velocity (CV) and anaerobic running capacity (ARC) estimations, the hyperbolic curve (velocity versus time to exhaustion (tlim)) was linearized to V= CV+ARC/tlim, where the CV and ARC were linear and slope coefficients, respectively. In order to verify if the CV was the maximal aerobic intensity, the rats were submitted to the maximal lactate steady state test (MLSS) composed of three 25-minute tests of continuous running trials at 15, 20 and 25 m min-1, with blood collection every 5 minutes. The CV was obtained at 22.8±0.7 m min-1 and the ARC, at 26.80±2.77 m. The MLSS was observed at 20m min-1, with blood lactate 3.84 ± 0.31 mmol L-1. There was a progressive increase in lactate concentration at 25 m min-1. The CV and MLSS were different, but presented a high and significant correlation (r=0.81). These results indicate that the non-invasive protocol can be used for physical evaluation of aerobic running rats, but the ARC should still be further investigated.

Methodology proposal for acquisition of biotelemetric data in a real time

This work presents a methodological proposal for acquisition of biometric data through telemetry basing its development on a research-action and a case study. Nowadays, the qualified professionals of physical evaluation have to use specific devices to obtain biometric signals and data. These devices in the most of the time are high cost and difficult to use and handling. Therefore, the methodological proposal was elaborate in order to develop, conceptually, a bio telemetric device which could acquire the desirable biometric signals: oxymetry, biometrics, corporal temperature and pedometry which are essential for the area of physical evaluation. It was researched the existent biometrics sensors, the possible ways for the remote transmission of signals and the computer systems available so that the acquisition of data could be possible. This methodological proposal of remote acquisition of biometrical signals is structured in four modules: Acquisitor of biometrics data; Converser and transmitter of biometric signals; Receiver and Processor of biometrics signals and Generator of Interpretative Graphs. The modules aim the obtention of interpretative graphics of human biometric signals. In order to validate this proposal a functional prototype was developed and it is presented in the development of this work.

Características da hipertensão arterial em Unidade Básica de Saúde

A cross observational study was achieved about hypertensive patients from the Basic Health Unit in Betel, Paulinia - S.P. assessing blood pressure levels, anthropometric data, biosocial variables, responses to questionaires about physical activity (Ipaq), and quality of life (Whoqol), as well as estimates of cardiovascular risk by Framingham score. With descriptive purposes, absolute and relative frequencies distributions are presented. From originally 95 people in the study, 18 were eliminated, and the remaining 77 were predominately composed by women, averaged 55.87 years old (standard deviation 11.88); white ethnic; basic schooling education, and income of 3 minimum salaries. Although clinical criteria verified altered values, it was the physical evaluation that indicated more clearly risks of contracting cardiovascular diseases, thus showing how different complementary evaluations can better predict risk. These results demonstrated that other professionals should be an asset as an integral part of the health team. © Copyright Moreira Jr. Editora. Todos os direitos reservados.

Correlações entre os valores de lactato mínimo e potência anaeróbia com a potência crítica e a capacidade de trabalho anaeróbio obtidas por método invasivo e não invasivos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação do perfil antiinflamatório e analgésico, e dos efeitos colaterais da administração oral de meloxicam em equinos: avaliação física, laboratorial e gastroscópica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Protocolos invasivos e não invasivos para avaliação aeróbia e anaeróbia de ratos wistar

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Revestimento, qualidade física e fisiológica de sementes de cenoura (Daucus carota L.) cv. Brasília

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Maturidade sexual de touros da raça nelore, filhos de vacas superprecoces, precoces e normais, criados em condições extensivas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Determinação da crítica razão esforço-pausa em Uchi-Komi no judô, com a utilização de deltas de variação de lactato sanguíneo e da escala subjetiva de esforço de Borg

In the competitive judo, the form as a trainer organizes the process of his/her athlete's training is a very important task for a good acting and a better use of the technical procedures. There is great importance in determining the exercise intensity for the judocas training due to the interest for the high income in several competitions, and few studies returned for this research area, involving those athletes' different physiologic conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to improve protocols of physical evaluation for this modality, increasing his/her applicability. The present study aimed at to verify the validity of a protocol of specific aerobic test of the judo (technique ipon-seoi-nague), no exhausting, adapted of the method of CHASSAIN (1986), using deltas of variations of the lactacidemia and of the Scale of Perception of Effort of Borg, in athletes well. The test adapted to the judo constituted of four exercise series with two efforts similar (double) of 180 seconds with one interval of 90 seconds among them. The series of exercises were accomplished in consecutive days. The intensities of the double tests were of 85%, 95%, 105% and 115% of the minimum lactato for each participant. This work used the technique ipon-seoi-nague, obeying the reasons effort-pause individualized for each athlete, that you/they correspond to the intensities of exercises proposed by the protocol of CHASSAIN (1986). In that way, the athletes applied a blow (maximum speed) and they rested some seconds, depending on the regime effort-pause of the session. At the end of each collection collection of blood (25NL) of each participant's earlobe was accomplished, seeking to measure the concentration of sanguine lactato. The collections were accomplished at the end of the first and of the second efforts, in each one of the series. For the analysis of the Perception of the athletes' Effort, the Scale of Perception... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)