The extraction of rare earths using mixtures of acidic phosphorus-based reagents or their thio-analogues

The solvent extraction of rare earths from chloride solution has been investigated using mixtures of 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-(2-ethylhexyl) ester (HEHEHP, P507) and organophosphorus acids [di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP, P204), isopropylphosphonic acid 1-hexyl-4-ethylocryl ester (HHEOIPP), bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272), bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)monothiophosphinic acid (Cyanex 302), and bis(2,4,4-trimethypentyl)dithiophosphinic acid (Cyanex 301)]. Results show that the extractability of the selected extractants for rare earths decreases in the order: HEHEHP/HDEHP > HEHEHP/Cyanex 301 > HEHEHP/HHEOIPP > HEHEHP/Cyanex 302 > HEHEHP/Cyanex 272. A possible explanation of the different extractabilities is given based on the structure of the extractants. Furthermore, the possibilities of the separation of adjacent rare earths with these mixtures were investigated according to the extractabilities; the results show the possibility of separating the rare earths.

Kinetics and mechanism of Yb(III) extraction and separation from Y(III) with mixtures of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid and 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester

The ytterbium(III) extraction kinetics and mechanism with mixtures of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex272) and 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (P507) dissolved in heptane have been investigated by constant interfacial cell with laminar flow. The effects of the stirring rate, temperature, extractant concentration, and pH on the extraction with mixtures of Cyanex272 and P507 have been studied. The results are compared with those of the system with Cyanex272 or P507 alone. It is concluded that the Yb(III) extraction rate is enhanced with mixtures extractant of Cyanex272 and P507 according to their values of the extraction rate constant, which is due to decreasing the activation energy of the mixtures. At the same time, the mixtures exhibits no synergistic effects for Y(III), which provides better possibilities for Yb(III) and Y(III) separations at a proper conditions than anyone alone. Moreover, thermodynamic extraction separation Yb(III) and Y(III) by the mixtures has been discussed, which agrees with kinetics results. Extraction rate equations have also been obtained, and through the approximate solutions of the flux equation, diffusion parameters and thickness of the diffusion film have been calculated.

Effect of polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membranes on mass transfer of samarium

The influence of swelling and stripping acidity on the mass transfer coefficient based on water phase and the inner diameters of membranes were studied with P507-HCl-Sm as working system in the two different kinds of hollow fiber membranes. Effects of extractant concentration, H+ concentration in aqueous phase and Sm3+ concentration on extraction rate were discussed and the corresponding reaction series were obtained. According to the investigations on the interfacial kinetics, the reaction kinetics equation and reaction rate constant were obtained.

层流恒界面池中CA-12萃取钇的质量传递动力学

用层流恒界面池研究了CA-12萃取钇的动力学。测定了搅拌速度、酸度、萃取剂浓度、温度对萃取速率的影响。测得CA-12萃取钇的活化能为48.96kJ/mol,此过程属于化学反应控制。当CA-12中加入少量的P507时,其活化能降至23.19kJ/mol。萃取过程由化学反应控制转变为扩散和化学反应混合控制。

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法及离子选择电极法测定荧光级氧化钇中痕量铈的研究

文章描述了荧光级氧化钇中痕量稀土铈的测定方法，在溴酸钾存在下，5摩尔/升HNO3介质中，以P507萃取微量铈，然后有机相用硝酸、过氧化氢反萃取、再将水相浓缩定容，然后以电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法分析。同时用铈的离子选择电极以二次标准加入法作第二种手段分析。样品溶液以乙醇去溶方式引入等离子体，测定下限为2微克/克，方法简单、快速、准确。离子选择电极法测定铈离子下限1×10-5摩尔/升，回收率为94-101%，方法简单，结果满意、价格便宜。

混合稀土中单一稀土元素的化学分析

本文提出以2-乙基己基膦酸-2-乙基己脂(P507)萃取柱色谱分离,EDTA络合滴定混合稀土中单一稀土元素,并应用于多种混合稀土氧化物中单一稀土的全分析。本方法所需设备简单,分析结果准确可靠。

稀土萃取专家系统的研究

为了模拟稀土萃取化学家的演绎推理过程,以指导生产实践和科学研究,建造了稀土萃取的专家系统。该系统的核心是知识库和推理运算。知识库由三部分组成;(1)常用萃取剂和单-稀土分离;(2)P507萃取分离稀土混合物流程推荐;(3)稀土萃取分离工厂投建的技术经济评估。知识库的组织采用文件方式,其中包括框架文件和规则文件。规则的增、删、改均可在LISP环境下的文件编辑窗口进行。该系统的推理策略同时采用正向键和反向键二种方式。