An approach to mitigate denial of service attacks in ieee 802.11 networks

Wireless networks are widely deployed and have many uses, for example in critical embedded systems. The applications of this kind of network meets the common needs of most embedded systems and addressing the particularities of each scenario, such as limitations of computing resources and energy supply. Problems such as denial of service attacks are common place and cause great inconvenience. Thus, this study presents simulations of denial of service attacks on 802.11 wireless networks using the network simulator OMNeT++. Furthermore, we present an approach to mitigate such attack, obtaining significant results for improving wireless networks.

Simulazione voip di molteplici nodi mobili con percorsi casuali

La tesi tratta del miglioramento di una simulazione VoIP in ambiente OmNet++. La simulazione è stata resa più realistica grazie all'introduzione di molteplici host mobili che si muovono attraverso un percorso casuale all'interno di uno scenario cittadino.

Analisi per via simulativa del protocollo tcp a ritrasmissione asimmetrica anticipata su wifi

Viene implementato un algoritmo di ritrasmissione dei pacchetti nel protocollo TCP. Lo studio viene fatt utilizzando il simulatore OMNET++ e il framework INET

TCP a ritrasmissione asimmetrica anticipata su WiFi

Nell'ambito dell'architettura RWMA per l'aumento della qualità del servizio in ambiente wireless, si colloca la ritrasmissione asimmetrica anticipata su wifi. Lo scopo è migliorare ed ottimizzare la comunicazione nel livello datalink tra Access Point e Nodo Mobile per quanto riguarda le connessioni TCP. Il progetto è sviluppato nell'ambiente simulativo OMNET++/INET.

Simulazione di datacenter e sua validazione utilizzando tracce di Google

Sono state analizzate tracce rilasciate da Google riguardanti il funzionamento di uno dei suoi cluster allo scopo di capirne il funzionamento. In Omnet++ è stato implementato un modello di datacenter e lo si è validato confrontandone i risultati con quelli ottenibile dalle tracce di Google.

Modellazione e analisi energetica di tecnologie wireless per reti di sensori

Nella tesi viene svolto un lavoro di modellazione del protocollo MAC 802.15.4 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN), per reti di sensori; dopodiché esso viene sottoposto ad una serie di analisi energetiche attraverso simulazioni nell'ambiente OMNeT++. Numerosi sono i parametri che sono stati considerati per caratterizzare al meglio le analisi effettuate, nonché le diverse condizioni iniziali. Il profilo energetico ottenuto è stato messo a confronto con quello del protocollo 802.15.4m per TVWS. I dati ottenuti sono stati elaborati con un algoritmo power control con l'obiettivo di raggiungere la massima ottimizzazione energetica.

Confronto simulativo tra architetture per la mobilità : analisi simulatore MIPv6 e confronto con ABPS

Il presente elaborato tratta il lavoro di studio, analisi e sperimentazione effettuato dal sottoscritto, Giovanni Sitta, in conclusione al Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Informatica presso l'Università degli Studi di Bologna. Questo ha dapprima previsto un periodo di approfondimento di alcune architetture di supporto alla mobilità dei terminali di rete, in particolare di due protocolli allo stato dell'arte, Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) e Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP), e di una terza architettura sperimentale denominata Always Best Packet Switching (ABPS). Sono stati in seguito esaminati tre simulatori, uno per ciascuna architettura di supporto alla mobilità considerata, realizzati come estensioni della libreria INET del framework OMNeT++, assicurandosi che fossero conformi alle specifiche del protocollo implementato (almeno entro i limiti di semplificazione rilevanti ai fini del lavoro), e correggendone eventuali problematiche, mancanze e anomalie in caso questi non le rispettassero. Sono poi stati configurati alcuni scenari simulativi utilizzando le tre librerie, in prima battuta di natura molto semplice, utilizzati per verificare il corretto funzionamento dei simulatori in condizioni ideali, e successivamente più complessi, allestendo un ambiente di esecuzione più verosimile, dotato di un maggior numero di host connessi alla rete e di ostacoli per i segnali radio usati nelle comunicazioni wireless. Tramite i risultati sperimentali ottenuti da queste simulazioni è stato infine possibili realizzare un confronto tra le prestazioni di MIPv6, LISP e ABPS.

Confronto simulativo tra architetture per la mobilità : analisi simulatore LISP e confronto con ABPS

L'utilizzo sempre crescente di dispositivi mobili, lo sviluppo di applicazioni mobile in continuo aumento, e la necessità di una sempre migliore qualità della comunicazione, ha portato grande interesse ad analizzare i protocolli di supporto alla mobilità dei terminali. Questi, tra i quali il più conosciuto è forse Mobile IP, vengono posti in esame utilizzando diverse metriche per valutarne le prestazioni. Si confrontano dunque due protocolli: LISP e ABPS; per ognuno dei quali ne viene presentata e descritta l'architettura e le principali funzionalità; entrambe queste architetture per il supporto alla mobilità, prevedono delle specifiche per fornire continuità nella comunicazione durante il roaming di un nodo multihomed. Vengono presentati poi gli strumenti con i quali verrà effettuata il l'analisi: il simulatore a eventi discreti OMNeT++ e il suo framework INET. Successivamente sono descritte le principali componenti dei simulatori per LISP e ABPS, che modellano le meccaniche dei due protocolli analizzati. Questi sono stati sottoposti a modifiche mirate a correggerne eventuali anomalie di comportamento, e ad introdurre nuove funzionalità, soprattutto per quanto riguarda ABPS, che era solo parzialmente implementato. Sono mostrati gli scenari in cui verranno effettuati i test per il confronto delle prestazioni: uno scenario semplice e uno che cerca di proporre una rete urbana verosimile; di seguito vengono elencati i parametri e le configurazioni utilizzate per ognuno dei due scenari. Infine vengono presentati i risultati mettendo a confronto due aspetti della mobilità dei terminali: durata dell'intervallo di indisponibilità e latenza dei pacchetti.

Performance Analysis and Comparison between Legacy-PSM and U-APSD

This paper evaluates the performance of the most popular power saving mechanisms defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard, namely the Power Save Mode (Legacy-PSM) and the Unscheduled Automatic Power Save Delivery (U-APSD). The assessment comprises a detailed study concerning energy efficiency and capability to guarantee the required Quality of Service (QoS) for a certain application. The results, obtained in the OMNeT++ simulator, showed that U-APSD is more energy efficient than Legacy-PSM without compromising the end-to- end delay. Both U-APSD and Legacy-PSM revealed capability to guarantee the application QoS requirements in all the studied scenarios. However, unlike U-APSD, when Legacy-PSM is used in the presence of QoS demanding applications, all the stations connected to the network through the same access point will consume noticeable additional energy.

Enhancing IEEE 802.11 Energy Efficiency for Continuous Media Applications

This paper proposes the Optimized Power save Algorithm for continuous Media Applications (OPAMA) to improve end-user device energy efficiency. OPAMA enhances the standard legacy Power Save Mode (PSM) of IEEE 802.11 by taking into consideration application specific requirements combined with data aggregation techniques. By establishing a balanced cost/benefit tradeoff between performance and energy consumption, OPAMA is able to improve energy efficiency, while keeping the end-user experience at a desired level. OPAMA was assessed in the OMNeT++ simulator using real traces of variable bitrate video streaming applications. The results showed the capability to enhance energy efficiency, achieving savings up to 44% when compared with the IEEE 802.11 legacy PSM.

Energy-Efficient Management Of Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

Various applications for the purposes of event detection, localization, and monitoring can benefit from the use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Wireless sensor networks are generally easy to deploy, with flexible topology and can support diversity of tasks thanks to the large variety of sensors that can be attached to the wireless sensor nodes. To guarantee the efficient operation of such a heterogeneous wireless sensor networks during its lifetime an appropriate management is necessary. Typically, there are three management tasks, namely monitoring, (re) configuration, and code updating. On the one hand, status information, such as battery state and node connectivity, of both the wireless sensor network and the sensor nodes has to be monitored. And on the other hand, sensor nodes have to be (re)configured, e.g., setting the sensing interval. Most importantly, new applications have to be deployed as well as bug fixes have to be applied during the network lifetime. All management tasks have to be performed in a reliable, time- and energy-efficient manner. The ability to disseminate data from one sender to multiple receivers in a reliable, time- and energy-efficient manner is critical for the execution of the management tasks, especially for code updating. Using multicast communication in wireless sensor networks is an efficient way to handle such traffic pattern. Due to the nature of code updates a multicast protocol has to support bulky traffic and endto-end reliability. Further, the limited resources of wireless sensor nodes demand an energy-efficient operation of the multicast protocol. Current data dissemination schemes do not fulfil all of the above requirements. In order to close the gap, we designed the Sensor Node Overlay Multicast (SNOMC) protocol such that to support a reliable, time-efficient and energy-efficient dissemination of data from one sender node to multiple receivers. In contrast to other multicast transport protocols, which do not support reliability mechanisms, SNOMC supports end-to-end reliability using a NACK-based reliability mechanism. The mechanism is simple and easy to implement and can significantly reduce the number of transmissions. It is complemented by a data acknowledgement after successful reception of all data fragments by the receiver nodes. In SNOMC three different caching strategies are integrated for an efficient handling of necessary retransmissions, namely, caching on each intermediate node, caching on branching nodes, or caching only on the sender node. Moreover, an option was included to pro-actively request missing fragments. SNOMC was evaluated both in the OMNeT++ simulator and in our in-house real-world testbed and compared to a number of common data dissemination protocols, such as Flooding, MPR, TinyCubus, PSFQ, and both UDP and TCP. The results showed that SNOMC outperforms the selected protocols in terms of transmission time, number of transmitted packets, and energy-consumption. Moreover, we showed that SNOMC performs well with different underlying MAC protocols, which support different levels of reliability and energy-efficiency. Thus, SNOMC can offer a robust, high-performing solution for the efficient distribution of code updates and management information in a wireless sensor network. To address the three management tasks, in this thesis we developed the Management Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks (MARWIS). MARWIS is specifically designed for the management of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. A distinguished feature of its design is the use of wireless mesh nodes as backbone, which enables diverse communication platforms and offloading functionality from the sensor nodes to the mesh nodes. This hierarchical architecture allows for efficient operation of the management tasks, due to the organisation of the sensor nodes into small sub-networks each managed by a mesh node. Furthermore, we developed a intuitive -based graphical user interface, which allows non-expert users to easily perform management tasks in the network. In contrast to other management frameworks, such as Mate, MANNA, TinyCubus, or code dissemination protocols, such as Impala, Trickle, and Deluge, MARWIS offers an integrated solution monitoring, configuration and code updating of sensor nodes. Integration of SNOMC into MARWIS further increases performance efficiency of the management tasks. To our knowledge, our approach is the first one, which offers a combination of a management architecture with an efficient overlay multicast transport protocol. This combination of SNOMC and MARWIS supports reliably, time- and energy-efficient operation of a heterogeneous wireless sensor network.

An IEEE 802.11 energy efficient mechanism for continuous media applications

The widespread deployment of wireless mobile communications enables an almost permanent usage of portable devices, which imposes high demands on the battery of these devices. Indeed, battery lifetime is becoming one the most critical factors on the end-users satisfaction when using wireless communications. In this work, the optimized power save algorithm for continuous media applications (OPAMA) is proposed, aiming at enhancing the energy efficiency on end-users devices. By combining the application specific requirements with data aggregation techniques, {OPAMA} improves the standard {IEEE} 802.11 legacy Power Save Mode (PSM) performance. The algorithm uses the feedback on the end-user expected quality to establish a proper tradeoff between energy consumption and application performance. {OPAMA} was assessed in the OMNeT++ simulator, using real traces of variable bitrate video streaming applications, and in a real testbed employing a novel methodology intended to perform an accurate evaluation concerning video Quality of Experience (QoE) perceived by the end-users. The results revealed the {OPAMA} capability to enhance energy efficiency without degrading the end-user observed QoE, achieving savings up to 44 when compared with the {IEEE} 802.11 legacy PSM.

Invited Abstract: Issues with State-based Energy Consumption Modelling

Energy consumption modelling by state based approaches often assume constant energy consumption values in each state. However, it happens in certain situations that during state transitions or even during a state the energy consumption is not constant and does fluctuate. This paper discusses those issues by presenting some examples from wireless sensor and wireless local area networks for such cases and possible solutions.

A secure authentication and key management scheme for Wireless Sensors Network

In recent years, the adaptation of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to application areas requiring mobility increased the security threats against confidentiality, integrity and privacy of the information as well as against their connectivity. Since, key management plays an important role in securing both information and connectivity, a proper authentication and key management scheme is required in mobility enabled applications where the authentication of a node with the network is a critical issue. In this paper, we present an authentication and key management scheme supporting node mobility in a heterogeneous WSN that consists of several low capabilities sensor nodes and few high capabilities sensor nodes. We analyze our proposed solution by using MATLAB (analytically) and by simulation (OMNET++ simulator) to show that it has less memory requirement and has good network connectivity and resilience against attacks compared to some existing schemes. We also propose two levels of secure authentication methods for the mobile sensor nodes for secure authentication and key establishment.

Elección de una herramienta de simulación

Hoy en día, las herramientas de simulación son un componente fundamental para el diseño, la implementación y el monitoreo de redes de comunicación, porque permiten predecir el comportamiento de diferentes eventos que pueden afectar el desempeño de la red y degradar la calidad de las aplicaciones y los servicios. Como presenta Cuéllar (2011) las herramientas de simulación juegan un papel importante para evaluar el comportamiento de parámetros como el retardo y el jitter en una red, porque permiten la recreación de escenarios reales con el fin de analizar su desempeño, sin tener que implementar infraestructura física. Además, las simulaciones permiten tener en cuenta numerosas variables y son un método eficaz para la enseñanza y la investigación. La simulación no es un concepto nuevo; siempre se ha buscado la manera de evaluar sistemas complejos y tal como define Phillips (2007), la simulación es la ejecución de un modelo representado por un programa de computadora que permite recrear entornos de red, ahorrando tiempo y dinero. Comercialmente existen simuladores de tiempo continuo y tiempo discreto; la simulación en tiempo discreto modela sistemas que cambian en el tiempo de acuerdo con los diferentes estados que una variable puede tener, algo muy útil para sistemas de comunicación. Los simuladores de tiempo continuo, por su parte, avanzan en el tiempo y constantemente revisan si ha ocurrido algún evento, con el fin de actualizar las variables correspondientes, para, solo en ese caso, realizar la modificación de valores.