Acoustic features of song categories and their possible implications for communication in the common nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos)

In many passerine species, males sing more than one distinct song type. Commonly, songs are assigned to different song types or song categories based on phonological and syntactical dissimilarities. However, temporal aspects, such as song length and song rate, also need to be considered to understand the possible functions of different songs. Common nightingales (Luscinia megarhynchos) have large vocal repertoires of different song types but their songs additionally can be grouped into two distinct categories (particular groups of song types): whistle songs and nonwhistle songs. Whistle songs are hypothesised to be important to attract migrating females. We studied temporal properties of whistle songs and nonwhistle songs and examined the relationship between those song parameters and song output parameters, such as song rate and song length. To investigate how song parameters vary among males, we calculated the coefficients of variation for different song traits. We found that the variation in the proportion of whistle songs was significantly higher among males than variation in other song parameters. Furthermore, the proportion of whistle songs was negatively correlated with other sona output patterns. These findings suggest that the production of whistle songs might be constrained and/or that whistle songs and their succeeding pauses may act as a functional unit in communication.

Seasonal patterns of singing activity vary with time of day in the nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos)

Seasonal patterns of singing activity of male birds have been thoroughly studied, but little is known about how those patterns vary with time of day. Here, we censused mated and unmated male Nightingales (Luscinia megarhynchos) at four different hours of the day throughout the breeding cycle. In unmated males, singing activity increased until the young hatched in their neighborhood, and the seasonal variation was similar at each of the four hours of the day. In mated males, however, the seasonal patterns of singing activity differed between hours of the day. In morning (about the hour of egg-laying) and during the dusk chorus, the singing activity of mated males was strongly influenced by the females' reproductive state: singing activity was low before egg-laying and during incubation, but high during the egg-laying period. In the dawn chorus, however, singing activity showed a similar seasonal pattern in mated and unmated males and was high until late stages of the breeding cycle. Our results suggest that the social context influences singing behavior to a varying degree across the season, and that this variation also depends on time of day. The hour of data collection thus is an important but often neglected factor when seasonal changes of singing activity are studied.

Cheraw books sent to Florence mending unit

This is a document written by the Chesterfield County Library listing books and materials sent from Cheraw to the Florence Library mending unit.

Veduta di Firenze : [vue du Ponte Vecchio et de l'Arno à Florence] : [peinture] / J. Vervloet

Collectionneur : Lesouëf, Auguste (1829-1906)

Ponte Vecchio Firenze : [vue du Ponte Vecchio et de l'Arno à Florence] : [peinture] / J. Vervloet

Collectionneur : Lesouëf, Auguste (1829-1906)

Veduta della Chiesa di Castelli Firenze : [vue du Ponte alla Carraia et de la Basilique San Lorenzo de Florence] : [peinture] / J. Vervloet

Collectionneur : Lesouëf, Auguste (1829-1906)

Mme Warren Harding [i. e. Florence Harding] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 59975

Bible écrite à Florence en 1263.

Acquis parmi 44 mss. provenant du cabinet du pape Pie VI (Giovanni-Angelo Braschi) "peu après l'envoi principal des mss. du Vatican en 1797"; cf. B.n.F., département des Manuscrits, Archives Modernes 492, registre des acquisitions du département des Manuscrits an II-an XIV (1793-1805), f. 48v; Laffitte, Bulletin du Bibliophile, 1989/2, 310