Avaliação de superelasticidade e deformação das molas fechadas de níquel-titânio sob diferentes ativações

Pós-graduação em Ciências Odontológicas - FOAR

Avaliação in vivo e in vitro do efeito do tempo sobre molas fechadas de níquel-titânio

Pós-graduação em Ciências Odontológicas - FOAR

Canine retraction and anchorage loss Self-ligating versus conventional brackets in a randomized split-mouth study

Objective: To evaluate the velocity of canine retraction, anchorage loss and changes on canine and first molar inclinations using self-ligating and conventional brackets.Materials and Methods: Twenty-five adults with Class I malocclusion and a treatment plan involving extractions of four first premolars were selected for this randomized split-mouth control trial. Patients had either conventional or self-ligating brackets bonded to maxillary canines randomly. Retraction was accomplished using 100-g nickel-titanium closed coil springs, which were reactivated every 4 weeks. Oblique radiographs were taken before and after canine retraction was completed, and the cephalograms were superimposed on stable structures of the maxilla. Cephalometric points were digitized twice by a blinded operator for error control, and the following landmarks were collected: canine cusp and apex horizontal changes, molar cusp and apex horizontal changes, and angulation changes in canines and molars. The blinded data, which were normally distributed, were analyzed through paired t-tests for group differences.Results: No differences were found between the two groups for all variables tested.Conclusions: Both brackets showed the same velocity of canine retraction and loss of anteroposterior anchorage of the molars. No changes were found between brackets regarding the inclination of canines and first molars.

Effect of osteogenesis imperfecta on orthodontic tooth movement in a mouse model

Thesis written in co-mentorship with director: Nelly Huynh; co-directors: Frank Rauch and Jean-Marc Retrouvey; collaborators: Clarice Nishio, Duy-Dat Vu and Nathalie Alos

Intrusion of teeth with class III furcation: a clinical, histologic and histometric study in dogs

Aim: To assess orthodontic intrusion effects on periodontal tissues in dogs' pre-molars with class III furcations treated with open flap debridement (OFD) or with guided tissue regeneration (GTR) associated to bone autograft (BA).Material and Methods: Class III furcations were created in the pre-molars of seven mongrel dogs. After 75 days, teeth were randomly treated with OFD or GTR/BA. After 1 month, metallic crowns were assembled on pre-molars and connected apically to mini-implants by nickel-titanium springs. Teeth were randomly assigned to orthodontic intrusion (OFD+I and GTR/BA+I) groups or no movement (OFD and GTR/BA) groups. Dogs were sacrificed after 3 months of movement and 1 month retention.Results: All class III furcations were closed or reduced to class II or I in the intrusion groups, while 50% of the lesions in non-moved teeth remained unchanged. Intruded teeth presented higher probing depth and lower gingival marginal level than non-moved teeth (p < 0.01). Clinical attachment gain was reduced in the intrusion groups by the end of retention (p < 0.05). OFD+I presented smaller soft tissue area and larger bone tissue area than other groups (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Orthodontic intrusion with anchorage via mini-implants improved the healing of class III furcation defects after OFD in dogs. GTR/BA impaired those results.

Avaliação histomor fométrica dos efeitos da movimentação dentária induzida sobre molares murinos submetidos à luxação extrusiva em períodos tardios

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A fluctuation-based probe to athermal phase transitions

We focus on athermal phase transitions where in discrete and dissipative avalanches are observed in physical observables as the system jumps from one metastable state to another, when driven by an external field. Using higher order statistics of time dependent avalanches, or noise, in electrical resistivity during temperature-driven martensite transformation in thin nickel-titanium films, we demonstrate evidence suggesting the existence of a singular `global instability' or divergence of the correlation length as a function of temperature at the transition. These results not only establish a mapping of non-equilibrium first order phase transition and equilibrium critical phenomena, but perhaps also call for a re-evaluation of many existing experimental claims of self-organized criticality.

Sensing Shape Recovery Using Conductivity Noise in Thin Films of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys

Low frequency fluctuations in the electrical resistivity, or noise, have been used as a sensitive tool to probe into the temperature driven martensite transition in dc magnetron sputtered thin films of nickel titanium shape-memory alloys. Even in the equilibrium or static case, the noise magnitude was more than nine orders of magnitude larger than conventional metallic thin films and had a characteristic dependence on temperature. We observe that the noise while the temperature is being ramped is far larger as compared to the equilibrium noise indicating the sensitivity of electrical resistivity to the nucleation and propagation of domains during the shape recovery. Further, the higher order statistics suggests the existence of long range correlations during the transition. This new characterization is based on the kinetics of disorder in the system and separate from existing techniques and can be integrated to many device applications of shape memory alloys for in-situ shape recovery sensing.

A fluctuation-based characterization of athermal phase transitions:Application to shape memory alloys

We employ a fluctuation-based technique to investigate the athermal component associated with martensite phase transition, which is a prototype of temperature-driven structural transformation. Statistically, when the phase transition is purely athermal, we find that the temporal sequence of avalanches under constant drive is insensitive to the drive rate. We have used fluctuations in electrical resistivity or noise in nickel titanium shape memory alloys in three different forms: a thin film exhibiting well-defined transition temperatures,a highly disordered film, and a bulk wire of rectangular cross-section. Noise is studied in the realm of dynamic transition,viz.while the temperature is being ramped, which probes into the kinetics of the transformation at real time scales,and could probably stand out as a promising tool for material testing in various other systems, including nanoscale devices.

Simple kinetic sensor to structural transitions

Driven nonequilibrium structural phase transformation has been probed using time-varying resistance fluctuations or noise. We demonstrate that the non-Gaussian component (NGC) of noise obtained by evaluating the higher-order statistics of fluctuations, serves as a simple kinetic detector of these phase transitions. Using the Martensite transformation in free-standing wires of nickel-titanium binary alloys as a prototype, we observe clear deviations from the Gaussian background in the transformation zone, indicative of the long-range correlations in the system as the phase transforms. The viability of non-Gaussian statistics as a robust probe to structural phase transition was also confirmed by comparing the results from differential scanning calorimetry measurements. We further studied the response of the NGC to the modifications in the microstructure on repeated thermal cycling, as well as the variations in the temperature-drive rate, and explained the results using established simplistic models based on the different competing time scales. Our experiments (i) suggest an alternative method to estimate the transformation temperature scales with high accuracy and (ii) establish a connection between the material-specific evolution of microstructure to the statistics of its linear response. Since the method depends on an in-built long-range correlation during transformation, it could be portable to other structural transitions, as well as to materials of different physical origin and size.

Avaliação da percepção da dor no tratamento ortodôntico: ensaio clínico randomizado

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar através de questionários de escalas visuais analógicas a percepção da dor após a inserção do primeiro arco ortodôntico, comparando-se o efeito analgésico de ibuprofeno, acetaminofeno, placebo e goma de mascar. Este trabalho também partiu da hipótese de que ibuprofeno, acetaminofeno e gomas de mascar seriam mais eficazes que placebo no controle da dor de origem ortodôntica e que gomas de mascar poderiam ser uma alternativa ao uso de ibuprofeno e acetaminofeno no manejo da dor dentária de origem ortodôntica. Neste estudo, tomaram parte 41 pacientes da Clínica de Ortodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os pacientes foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em cinco diferentes grupos: placebo, acetaminofeno 500 miligramas, ibuprofeno 400 miligramas, goma de mascar e controle. Todos os indivíduos tiveram bráquetes com slots .022" colados em seus dentes e molares bandados em uma das arcadas. Os grupos placebo, ibuprofeno e acetaminofeno foram orientados a tomar 01 cápsula do respectivo composto logo após a inserção do arco inicial de liga de níquel-titânio de dimensão .014 e, se a dor persistisse, a cada 6 horas por uma semana.O grupo goma de mascar foi orientado a mascar um tablete de goma por 5 minutos imediatamente após a inserção do arco inicial de liga de níquel-titânio de dimensão .014 e a cada 6 horas por 5 minutos durante uma semana, caso a dor persistisse. O grupo controle recebeu nenhum método de controle da dor. Os indivíduos foram orientados a marcar nas escalas visuais analógicas nas primeiras 24 horas, às 09:00, 13:00, 17:00, 21:00 a percepção de dor espontânea e durante a mastigação. Do terceiro até o vigésimo primeiro dia as marcações foram feitas somente em dois tempos às 09:00 e 21:00. Através da análise estatística descritiva, concluiu-se que o placebo foi mais eficiente que ibuprofeno, acetaminofeno e goma de mascar no controle da dor ortodôntica, tanto em dor espontânea quanto em dor durante a mastigação. O grupo goma de mascar foi tão eficiente quanto o acetaminofeno no controle da dor espontânea 24 horas após a inserção do arco inicial. Para alívio da dor durante a mastigação, a goma de mascar pode ser uma alternativa à atuação medicamentosa no controle da dor ortodôntica.

Avaliação microtomográfica de canais mesiais de molares inferiores preparados com sistemas rotatórios e reciprocantes

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar, em microtomografia computadorizada (CT), o preparo de canais de molares inferiores com diferentes sistemas acionados a motor. Foram selecionadas 58 raízes mesiais patentes, de diâmetro anatômico correspondente a #10. Para a avaliação em TC, um anel de aço inoxidável foi confeccionado nos moldes do suporte para amostra do microtomógrafo, para que servisse de fôrma para a inclusão das raízes em resina Duralay, a fim de padronizar a posição do espécime no escaneamento inicial e final. Os canais foram preparados com os sistemas Reciproc R25 (n=16); WaveOne Primary File (n=16); Twisted File (n=14), e HyFlex (n=12). Após serem escaneados, foram reconstruídos tridimensionalmente e avaliados quantitativamente quanto à variação de volume (mm3), área de superfície (mm2) e structure model index (SMI). Foi, ainda, realizada a avaliação qualitativa das seções transversais por terço e por quadrante (MV, ML, DV, DL), sendo avaliado o toque de paredes. Os dados paramétricos foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes ANOVA e t para amostras pareadas (α=5%). Não foi observada diferença estatística nos parâmetros quantitativos avaliados para Reciproc (142,77 76,75; 42,22 19,22; e 14,68 17,69, respectivamente); WaveOne (105,09 64,82; 29,54 19,21; 14,81 9,10, respectivamente); Twisted File (111,83 43,09; 33,31 18,40; 9,16 6,57, respectivamente), e HyFlex (151,74 149,37; 43,08 41,44; 10,80 8,52, respectivamente) (p=0,423). Dentro de cada grupo, foi observada diferença significante entre os resultados pré e pós-operatórios. O teste não paramétrico de Kruskal Wallis foi aplicado para a avaliação relativa ao toque de paredes. Foi observado que o sistema HyFlex apresentou a maior porcentagem de toques (82,3 13,1), seguido por Reciproc (81,3 16,9), Twisted File (78,3 14,4) e, por fim, WaveOne (76,9 21,7) (p>0,05). Em relação aos terços não foi observada diferença significativa (p=0,424). Os resultados da avaliação dos quadrantes intergrupo não demonstraram diferenças, porém indicaram tendência do preparo em direção à parede distal no terço cervical. Ao final, pôde-se concluir que os sistemas testados se equivalem quanto ao preparo de canais mesiais de molares inferiores; porém, nenhuma das técnicas foi capaz de tocar completamente em todas as paredes do canal radicular.