生物小分子体系稀土和钙化学形态研究

随着稀土的广泛开发和利用，稀土日益进入环境，并且相继发现稀土具有多种生物效应。稀土与生物小分子配体多元体系中稀土化学形态的研究正是考察稀土在人体内的分布、代谢和生物效应的关键，对阐明稀土对环境和人体健康的影响及作用机理具有十分重要的意义。本论文进行了如下几方面的研究，并取得了创新性结果。1 稀土与生物小分子三元体系研究 在模拟生理条件下研究了Pr~(3+)、Gd~(3+)、Tb~(3+)、Yb~(3+)四种稀土离子和Ca~(2+)、Zn~(2+)两种生物金属离子分别与以天冬氨酸或柠檬酸为第一配体、分别以水扬酸、精氨酸、丝氨酸、异亮氨酸和苏氨酸为第二配体的三元溶液体系。经计算机程度优化得到体系中所生成的物种类型并计算得到各物种的稳定常数。在所研究的十个体系中，只是在金属离子-天冬氨酸-精氨酸、金属离子—柠檬酸-水杨酸和金属离子-柠檬酸-精氨酸三个体系中生成了两种三元配合物(1111型和1112型或1113型)，其它体系只生成了一种1112型三元配合物。重稀土配合物的稳定常数比轻稀土配合物的大。稀土配合物的稳定性明显强于钙配合物，接近或大于锌配合物的稳定常数，这表明稀土对钙有强竞争配位作用，对锌也有强竞争取代作用。以上稀土与生物小分子三元体系的研究取得了重要新结果。这些结果为考察稀土在体内的代谢、生物效应以及研究稀土对生物金属离子的拮抗、协同效应提供了重要科学依据。同时该研究也是多元体系数学模型法研究的基础。2. 金属离子生物小分子多元体系的数学模型法研究（1）对稀土与钙共存于两种生物配体（柠檬酸和精氨酸、天冬氨酸和精氨酸、柠檬酸和丝氨酸、柠檬酸和异亮氨酸、天冬氨酸和苏氨酸）的五个四元体系，经COMICS程序，利用已有二、三元配合物的稳定常数进行了计算。得到了稀土和钙的各物种随pH值变化的分布图。与三元体系相比，自由金属离子和二元配合物的含量显著增加。这表明稀土和钙之间存在着明显的竞争作用。（2）用数学模型法模拟研究了金属离子与血液中羧肽酶A的活性中心的作用。确定了Zn(II)和Tb(111)与该酶活性中心各残基的结合随pH的变化情况。当血液中稀Tb(III)的浓度较小时（与Zn(II)的浓度相近），Tb(III)对该酶活性中心的Zn(II)几乎没有影响；当Tb(III)达到较高浓度时，则能够与Zn(II)竞争活性中心各残基，从而可能影响该酶的结构和活性。（3）用数学模型法研究了人体血浆中生物小分子体系（二十种配体共存）Tb(III)和Ca(11)的分布情况及Tb(III)的存在对Ca(11)化学形态的影响。结果表明大部分铽与生物小分子配体形成多种形式的配合物，三元配合物占绝对优势。钙与铽明显不同，相当一部分的钙以自由离子形式存在，同时三元配合物也是钙的主要物种形式。模拟研究还表明当铽离子的浓度达到1E-4mol/L时，铽的存在会明显影响钙离子的物种形式及分布。以上多元体系的数学模型法研究所得创新性结果对考察稀土的分布、代谢及其生物效应和阐明稀土对钙的竞争取代作用都具有十分的重要意义。并且也进一步丰富和发展了稀土的生物无机化学。

生物小分子体系及血浆中稀土化学形态的研究

生物小分子配体的二、三元及多元体系中稀土的化学形态研究是考察稀土在体内的分布、代谢和生物效应的关键，对阐明稀土对环境和人体健康的影响及其作用机理具有十分重要的意义。1. 稀土与生物小分子溶液体系的研究 （1）在模拟生理条件下研究了Yb(III)分别与组氨酸、苏氨酸、脯氨酸以及Zn(II)分别与脯氨酸、色氨酸组成的五个新二元溶液体系。经计算机程序优化得到体系中生成的物种类型及各物种的稳定常数。所有体系均有1100型物种生成，Yb(III)-组氨酸体系还有1102型物种生成。（2）在模拟生理条件下研究了Pr(III)、Gd(III)、Tb(III)、Yb(III)四种稀土离子和Ca(II)、Zn(II)两种生命金属离子与组氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸及脯氨酸组合成的五个新三元体系。发现五个双氨基酸体系中均有三元配合物物种生成。除稀土（/Zn）-Pro-Thr体系外，三元配合物均广泛存在并有很高含量。总体来看，稀土的配位行为相近，其中Gd(III)和Tb的尤为相似。在包括组氨酸的体系中，Ca(II)和Zn(II)的三元配合物明显比稀土物种稳定。而在其它体系中，Ca(II)、Zn(II)三元配合物的稳定性接近或小于稀土的相应物种。2. 金属离子与生物分子多元体系的数学模型法研究 （1）对稀土离子（钆）、生命金属离子（钙或锌）与两种氨基酸配体共存的五个新四元体系，利用已有的二、三元配合物稳定常数，经程序进行了模拟计算，对各金属物种的分布变化进行了分析。结果表明，在组氨酸参与配位的两个体系中，稀土Gd(III)对Ca(II)或Zn(II)的物种分布影响较小。而在其它三个体系中，与三元体系相比，金属的三元物种含量均降低，自由离子和二元配合物的含量升高，这说明稀土在生物配体体系中对Ca(II)或Zn(II)具有竞争取代作用。（2）首次建立多相模型用数学模型法研究了人体血浆中二十二种配体（包括磷酸根、碳酸根、蛋白质生物大分子及生物小分子）同时存在的条件下Gd(III)、Ca(II)、Zn(II)的分布情况及Gd(III)的存在对Ca(II)、Zn(II)物种分布的影响。结果表明，进入血浆中的稀土绝大部分以磷酸盐和碳酸盐沉淀形式存在。可溶态稀土主要分布于与运铁蛋白、草酸、免疫球蛋白、柠檬酸、天冬氨酸等生成的物种及含羟基物种之间，并且可溶态稀土的分布受稀土总浓度和pH值的影响。稀土的浓度高于血浆中本底值时将对Ca(II)、Zn(II)的物种分布产生影响。以上工作取得的新成果不仅丰富了稀土的生物无机化学，而且为阐明稀土生物效应和评估稀土农用安全性提供了科学数据。

生物小分子体系及血浆中稀土化学形态的研究

对生物小分子体系及人体血浆多元本系中稀土化学形态的研究是考察体内稀土吸收、代谢和生物效应的关键，对阐明稀土对环境和人体健康的影响具有十分重要的意义。本文用pH滴定法和数学模型法研究了生物小分子体系及人体血浆中稀土、钙和锌的化学形态。取得了很有价值的新结果。1.稀土及钙、锌生物小分子溶液体系的研究（1）在模拟生理条件下，用pH滴定法对Pr、Gd、Tb、Yb、Ca、Zn六种金属离子与乳酸、天冬酰胺、瓜氨酸、硫代苹果酸、丁二酸五种小分子生物配体形成的三十个二元体系进行了研究。利用SCOGS2程序处理滴定数据，得到了各体系中合理的物种类型及稳定常数值。在两种氨基酸体系中，稀土和钙均只生成1200型一种配合物，而锌而有1100和1200型两种物种出现。在其它三种小分子有机酸体系中，稀土只生成1100型一种配合物，而钙和锌的物种则相对较多。一般来说，配合物稳定性顺序为：稀 > 稀土 >钙。（2）在模拟生理条件下，用pH滴定法对Pr、Gd、Tb、Yb、Ca、Zn六种金属离子与以柠檬酸为第一配体，分别以乳酸、谷氨酸、组氨酸、脯氨酸、亮氨酸、天冬氨酸为第二配体组成的三十六个三元体系进行了研究，能过计算确定了体系中存在的物种形式，并得到了各三元配合物的稳定常数值。另外，对各体系中金属的物种分布情况也作了深入的研究。各三元体系中均有三元物种生成。除M-Cit-Pro体系中三元配合物种类较少外，其余体系中稀土的三元配合物物种都在两种以上，而锌和钙的三元物种相对要少一些。空间位阻效应对三元配合物稳定性的影响较明显。各体系中稀土离子的配位行为相近，相应三元配合物稳定性有随离子半径减小而增大的趋势。钙的相应三元配合物没有稀土的稳定。锌的配合物稳定性与相应稀土配合物的稳定性相差不大，有的比稀土的低。2.稀土及钙、锌与生物分子多元体系的数学模型法研究（1）利用已有的金属离子与生物小分子二、三元体系的数据，经COMICS程序计算，得到了稀土Pr和Ca共存于以柠檬酸为第一配体，分别以乳酸、谷氨酸、组氨酸、脯氨酸、亮氨酸、天冬氨酸为第二配体的四元体系中金属的物种分布情况，并对体系中的物种变化作了分析。各体系中钙对镨的物种分布基本无影响。而镨对钙有较大影响，且对钙的三元配合物的影响更为强烈。（2）对Tb（III）、Ca（II）和Zn（II）在含有29种配体的人体血浆模型中的物种分布进行了数学模型法研究，并研究了Pb(III)对Ca(II)和Zn(II)物种分布的影响。结果表明，Tb(III)在人体血浆中主要以TbPO_4和Tb_2(CO_3)_3沉淀的形式存在。可溶Tb(III)在浓度较低时，主要与运铁蛋白结合成生[Tb(Tf)]；在浓度较高时，主要以[Tb(HSA)]和[Tb_2(Tf)]的形式存在。Tb(III)浓度的升高将导致自由Ca(II)离子含量的增加和Ca(II)配合物含量的降低。Tb(III)在较高浓度时使Zn(II)配合物的含量降低，对[Zn(Tf)]的影响最显著。

Testate amoebae as indicators of hydroseral change: an 8,500 year record from Mer Bleue Bog, eastern Ontario, Canada.

Testate amoebae have been used widely as a proxy of hydrological change in ombrotrophic peatlands, although their response to abiotic controls in other types of mire and fenland palaeo-environments is less well understood. This paper examines the response of testate amoebae to hydroseral and other environmental changes at Mer Bleue Bog, Ontario, Canada, a large ombrotrophic peatland, which evolved from a brackish-water embayment in the early Holocene. Sediments, plant macrofossils and diatoms examined from a 5.99 m core collected from the dome of the bog record six stages of development: i) a quiet, brackish-water riverine phase (prior to ca. 8500 cal BP); ii) a shallow lake (ca. 8500–8200 cal BP); iii) fen (8200–7600 cal BP); iv) transitional mire (7600–6900 cal BP); v) pioneer raised mire (6900–4450 cal BP); and vi) ombrotrophic bog (4450 cal BP-present).

Testate amoebae, notably small (<25 µm diameter) specimens of Centropyxis aculeata type, first appear in low abundances in sediments ascribed to the lacustrine phase. Diatoms from the same horizons record a shallowing in water depth, a decline in salinity and the development of emergent macrophytic vegetation, which may have provided favourable conditions for testate amoeba colonization. The testate amoeba communities of the inferred fen phase are more diverse and include centropyxids, cyclopyxids, Arcellidae and Hyalospheniidae, although the assemblages show some differences to those recently reported in modern European fen environments. The Fen–Bog Transition (FBT) is also dominated by C. aculeata type. The change in testate amoeba communities around this key transition is apparent in the results of Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA), and appears to reflect a latent nutrient gradient and a secondary moisture gradient. DCA analyses of plant macrofossil remains around the FBT show a similar trend, although the sensitivity of the two proxies to the inferred environmental changes differs. Comparisons with other regional mid-Holocene peatland records confirm the important influence of reduced effective precipitation on the testate amoeba communities during the initiation and development of Sphagnum-dominated, raised bog communities.

A spectral synthesis code for rapid modelling of supernovae

We present TARDIS-an open-source code for rapid spectral modelling of supernovae (SNe). Our goal is to develop a tool that is sufficiently fast to allow exploration of the complex parameter spaces of models for SN ejecta. This can be used to analyse the growing number of highquality SN spectra being obtained by transient surveys. The code uses Monte Carlo methods to obtain a self-consistent description of the plasma state and to compute a synthetic spectrum. It has a modular design to facilitate the implementation of a range of physical approximations that can be compared to assess both accuracy and computational expediency. This will allow users to choose a level of sophistication appropriate for their application. Here, we describe the operation of the code and make comparisons with alternative radiative transfer codes of differing levels of complexity (SYN++, PYTHON and ARTIS). We then explore the consequence of adopting simple prescriptions for the calculation of atomic excitation, focusing on four species of relevance to Type Ia SN spectra-Si II, SII, MgII and Ca II. We also investigate the influence of three methods for treating line interactions on our synthetic spectra and the need for accurate radiative rate estimates in our scheme.

Análise do processo de reparo no reimplante tardio de dente de rato após curativo de demora com hidróxido de cálcio associado ao paramonoclorofenol canforado ou à clorexidina

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

Valor energético da dextrina e seus efeitos na alimentação de frangos de corte

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Influência do momento da obturação definitiva do canal radicular no reimplante dentário imediato

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Environmental magnetism, geochemical measurements and colour reflectance of two sediment cores: GeoB4905-4 off Cameroon and GeoB4906-3 off Gabon

We combine environmental magnetism, geochemical measurements and colour reflectance to study two late Quaternary sediment cores: GeoB 4905-4 at 2° 30 N off Cameroon and GeoB 4906-3 at 0° 44 N off Gabon. This area is suitable for investigating precipitation changes over Central and West Africa because of its potential to record input of aeolian and fluvial sediments. Three magnetozones representing low and high degree of alteration of the primary rock magnetic signals were identified. The magnetic signature is dominated by fine-grained magnetite, while residual haematite prevails in the reduced intervals, showing increase in concentration and fine grain size at wet intervals. Our records also show millennial-scale changes in climate during the last glacial and interglacial cycles. At the northern location, the past 5.5 ka are marked by high-frequency oscillations of Ti and colour reflectance, which suggests aeolian input and hence aridity. The southern location remains under the influence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and thus did not register aeolian signals. The millennial-scale climatic signals indicate that drier and/or colder conditions persisted during the late Holocene and are synchronous with the 900 a climatic cycles observed in Northern Hemisphere ice core records.

Letter of Natick Indians about Magunkaqoug; their unwillingness to sell it, 1715 September 5

One-page handwritten petition to the Trustees signed by Natick Indians expressing unwillingness to sell their lands.

[Copy of the Maguntaquoq deed], 1715 October 11

Four-page 18th century handwritten copy of the deed between the "Committee or Agents for the Indian Proprietors of the Plantation of Natick" and the Trustees for 800 acres of land in Middlesex County known as Maguntaquog.

Moses Parker's Release to Hopkinston [sic] Trustees, 1716 December 21

Handwritten copy of a deed between Moses Parker and the Trustees for the land originally purchased by Parker, et al. from John Owosamog in 1700.

Committee of Natick yr letter of 29th May 1722 to Mr. Leverett, 1722 May 29

One-page handwritten letter signed by Thomas Waban, Solomon Thomas, and Benjamin Tray regarding a "settlement in ye Gospel ministry, among us in our town of Natick."

Hezekiah Squamauge & Amos Ahatton's petition to ye General Court, 1723 December 25

One-page handwritten petition to the Massachusetts General Court on behalf of "Indian inhabitants in Punkapaugue" regarding help with their "lands, and especially as to our orchards, meddows, and to look after our timber, which has been shamfully cutt down, and carried away to our great damage."

[Indenture of Anthony Blount & John Jones to the Trustees of Hopkinton], 1724 March

Handwritten indenture between grantors Anthony Blount and John Jones, and the Trustees as grantees for a parcel of land originally included in Mr. Savill Simpson's farm.