Neuropeptide Y Y(1) receptor regulates protein turnover and constitutive gene expression in hypertrophying cardiomyocytes.

Increased levels of neuropeptide Y correlate with severity of left ventricular hypertrophy in vivo. At cardiomyocyte level, hypertrophy is characterised by increased mass and altered phenotype. The aims were to determine the contributions of increased synthesis and reduced degradation of protein to neuropeptide Y-mediated increase in mass, assess effects on gene expression, and characterise neuropeptide Y Y receptor subtype involvement. Neuropeptide Y (10 nM) increased protein mass of adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes maintained in culture (24 h) (16%>basal) and de novo protein synthesis (incorporation of [14C]phenylalanine) (18%>basal). Neuropeptide Y (100 nM) prevented degradation of existing protein at 8 h. Actinomycin D (5 µM) attenuated increases in protein mass to neuropeptide Y (=1 nM) but not to neuropeptide Y (10 nM). [Leu31, Pro34]neuropeptide Y (10 nM), an agonist at neuropeptide Y Y1 receptors, increased protein mass (25%>basal) but did not stimulate protein synthesis. Neuropeptide Y-(3–36) (10 nM), an agonist at neuropeptide Y Y2 receptors, increased protein mass (29%>basal) and increased protein synthesis (13%>basal), respectively. Actinomycin D (5 µM) abolished the increase in protein mass elicited by neuropeptide Y-(3–36) but not that by [Leu31, Pro34]neuropeptide Y. BIBP3226 [(R)-N2-(diphenylacetyl)-N-(4-hydroxyphenylmethyl)-d-arginine amide] (1 µM), a neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor subtype-selective antagonist, and T4 [neuropeptide Y-(33–36)]4, a neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor subtype-selective antagonist, attenuated the increase in protein mass to 100 nM neuropeptide Y by 68% and 59%, respectively. Neuropeptide Y increased expression of the constitutive gene, myosin light chain-2 (MLC-2), maximally at 12 h (4.7-fold>basal) but did not induce (t=36 h) expression of foetal genes (atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), skeletal-a-actin and myosin heavy chain-ß). This increase was attenuated by 86% and 51%, respectively, by BIBP3226 (1 µM) and T4 [neuropeptide Y-(33–36)]4 (100 nM). [Leu31, Pro34]neuropeptide Y (100 nM) (2.4-fold>basal) and peptide YY-(3–36) (100 nM) (2.3 fold>basal) increased expression of MLC-2 mRNA at 12 h. In conclusion, initiation of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by neuropeptide Y requires activation of both neuropeptide Y Y1 and neuropeptide Y Y2 receptors and is associated with enhanced synthesis and attenuated degradation of protein together with increased expression of constitutive genes but not reinduction of foetal genes.

Induction of hypertrophic responsiveness of cardiomyocytes to neuropeptide Y in response to pressure overload.

To determine whether neuropeptide Y (NPY)-related mechanisms become activated with progression of cardiac hypertrophy in vivo, protein mass and de novo protein synthesis (incorporation of [(14)C]Phe, 0.1 muCi ml(-1)) were assessed in cardiomyocytes, obtained from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks of age), and cultured for 24 h. NPY (10(-8) M) increased protein mass of cardiomyocytes from 16-week-old SHRs by 9.2 +/- 2.1% (n = 8, P