Turning the Kaleidoscope - (E)FL Educational Experience and Inquiry as Auto/biography

This book is a study on learning, teaching/counselling, and research on the two. My quest has been to find a pedagogically-motivated way of researching learning and teaching interaction, and in particular counselling, in an autonomous language-learning environment. I have tried to develop a method that would make room for lived experience, meaning-making and narrating, because in my view these all characterise learning encounters between language learners and counsellors, and learners and their peers. Lived experience as a source of meaning, telling and co-telling becomes especially significant when we try to listen to the diverse personal and academic voices of the past as expressed in autobiographical narratives. I have aimed at researching various ALMS dialogues (Autonomous Learning Modules, University of Helsinki Language Centre English course and programme), and autobiographical narratives within them, in a way that shows respect for the participants, and that is relevant, reflective and, most importantly, self-reflexive. My interest has been in autobiographical telling in (E)FL [(English as a) foreign language], both in students first-person written texts on their language- learning histories and in the sharing of stories between learners and a counsellor. I have turned to narrative inquiry in my quest and have written the thesis as an experiential narrative. In particular, I have studied learners and counsellors in one and the same story, as characters in one narrative, in an attempt to avoid the impression that I am telling yet another separate, anecdotal story, retrospectively. Through narrative, I have shed light on the subjective dimensions of language learning and experience, and have come closer to understanding the emotional aspects of learning encounters. I have questioned and rejected a distanced and objective approach to describing learning and teaching/counselling. I have argued for a holistic and experiential approach to (E)FL encounters in which there is a need to see emotion and cognition as intertwined, and thus to appreciate learners and counsellors emotionally-charged experiences as integral to their identities. I have also argued for a way of describing such encounters as they are situated in history, time, autobiography, and the learning context. I have turned my gaze on various constellations of lived experience: the data was collected on various occasions and in various settings during one course and consists of videotaped group sessions, individual counselling sessions between students and their group counsellor, biographic narrative interviews with myself, open-ended personally-inspired reflection texts written by the students about their language-learning histories, and student logs and diaries. I do not consider data collection an unproblematic occasion, or innocent practice, and I defend the integrity of the research process. Research writing cannot be separated from narrative field work and analysing and interpreting the data. The foci in my work have turned to be the following: 1) describing ALMS encounters and specifying their narrative aspects; 2) reconceptualising learner and teacher autonomy in ALMS and in (E)FL; 2) developing (E)FL methodologically through a teacher-researcher s identity work; 4) research writing as a dialogical narrative process, and the thesis as an experiential narrative. Identity and writing as inquiry, and the deeply narrative and autobiographical nature of the (E)FL teaching/counselling/researching have come to the fore in this research. Research writing as a relational activity and its implications for situated ways of knowing and knowledge turned out to be important foci. I have also focussed on the context-bound and local teacher knowledge and ways of knowing about being a teacher, and I have argued for personal ways of knowing about, and learning and studying foreign languages. I discuss research as auto/biography: as a practising counsellor I use my own life and (E)FL experience to understand and interpret the stories of the research participants even though I was not involved in their course work. The supposedly static binaries of learner/teacher, and also learner autonomy/teacher autonomy, are thus brought into the discussion. I have highlighted the infinite variability and ever-changing nature of learning and teaching English, but the book is also of relevance to foreign language education in general.

Personality in sport and exercise psychology: Integrating a whole person perspective

This paper draws on contemporary views in personality psychology as a means for understanding people participating in sport and physical activity. Specifically, we focus on McAdams’ integrative framework [McAdams (2013). The psychological self as actor, agent, and author. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8, 272–295; McAdams & Pals (2006). A new big five: Fundamental principles for an integrative science of personality. American Psychologist, 61, 204–217] and suggest this framework as potentially generative in the field of sport and exercise psychology. McAdams indicates that people can be defined through three layers of understanding, incorporating (a) dispositional traits, (b) characteristic adaptations, and (c) narrative identities. Together these layers provide a vision of the whole person – a perspective of personality rarely adopted by the sport and exercise community. The aim of this paper is to introduce scholars and practitioners to the potential benefits of embracing this whole person outlook, and to discuss the opportunities and challenges McAdams’ framework may have for advancing scholarship in sport and exercise psychology.

Elämästä autofiktioksi : Lajitradition jäljillä Pirkko Saision romaanisarjassa Pienin yhteinen jaettava, Vastavalo ja Punainen erokirja

Pirkko Saisio's trilogy Pienin yhteinen jaettava (The Smallest Shared Dividend, 1998), Vastavalo (Against the Light, 2000), and Punainen erokirja (The Red Book of Separation, 2003), depicts the development of a masculine girl who at the end of the trilogy comes out as a homosexual women, a mother, and a writer. The main character is named Pirkko Saisio, and many of the events are picked from Saisio's real life. Nevertheless, the author wants the trilogy to be read as a novel, not a memoir. The present study analyses the generic elements of Saisio s trilogy and contextualizes the narrative identity that Saisio is creating in her fiction. Following Alastair Fowler s theory of genres as types without strict borders and a tendency to hybridity, the trilogy is linked to several genres. Serge Doubrovsky s genre concept of autofiction is the basis for the analysis: it explains the trilogy s borderline identity between autobiography and novel, and designates the main elements that render Saisio s autobiographical narrative into fiction. Both Doubrovsky and Saisio emphasize the role of the unconscious in writing, and at the same time stress the importance of a skilled composition. As well as autofiction, the trilogy is analyzed as a Bildungsroman, a confession and conversion narrative, a coming-out -narrative and a portrait-of-the-artist novel. Each genre is illuminated by its paradigmatic work: Wilhelm Meister s Apprenticeship by Goethe, The Confessions by St. Augustine, and The Well of Loneliness by Radclyffe Hall. The parallelisms between Saisio s trilogy and the typical plots of the genres and thematics of the classics show how the tradition works in Saisio s text. The thematic parallelisms highlight Saisio s concern for the conflicts that occur between an individual and the surrounding society, while the similarities in plots question the autobiographicality of Saisio s narrative but also clarify how Saisio refines the traditional genres. Read in the light of Saisio s trilogy, the classics are shown to have their gender-transgressive elements that the non-normative reader can identify with. Saisio s text also challenges universalizing claims about genre and gender. As a narrative of identity it follows the example of 1970s essentialistic coming-out stories, but at the same time depicts the notion of identity in a manner that manifests postmodern ideas about identity as multiple and ever-transforming. Keywords: autobiographicality, autofiction, identity narrative, genre research, Bildungsroman, conversion narrative, confession, coming-out story, a portrait-of-an-artist novel

A vida que se escreve: a representação da infância nas memórias de Graciliano Ramos, Oswald de Andrade, José Lins do Rego e Cyro dos Anjos

Esta tese tem por objetivo investigar as memórias de infância na escrita autobiográfica de Graciliano Ramos, Oswald de Andrade, José Lins do Rego e Cyro dos Anjos, privilegiando as estratégias de autorrepresentação adotadas pelos autores nas obras Infância, Um homem sem profissão - sob as ordens de mamãe, Meus verdes anos e A menina do sobrado. Tal abordagem tem como objeto de reflexão os elementos que são relevantes para a configuração de uma identidade narrativa na escrita autobiográfica. Das diferentes formas de autofiguração retiramos as estratégias textuais. As estratégias a que recorre uma escrita de si em certo espaço, em certo tempo e em certa linguagem. Estabelecemos os procedimentos comuns na retórica de nossos autores, tais como a primeira lembrança, a elaboração da crônica familiar, os pais, os lugares da memória, a época de escola e a cena de leitura. Nossa perspectiva se apresenta como uma indagação sobre os procedimentos usados na construção da identidade, considerando que as cenas selecionadas pelo escritor elaboram a autoimagem que ele deseja construir

Narracyjne i antynarracyjne modele egzystencji w naukach humanistycznych i praktyce literackiej

Wydział Nauk Społecznych

Counterstories: who counts as lesbian?

Coming out midlife is a profound and life‐changing experience—it is an experience of self‐shattering that entails the destabilisation of identity, and of family relationships. Entailing a displacement from social insider to outsider, it is a difficult, but also exhilarating, journey of self, and sexual, discovery. This thesis is an examination of the experiences of nine women who undertook that journey. This dissertation is very much a search for understanding—for understanding how one can be lesbian, and how one can not have known, following a lifetime of heterosexual identification—as well as a search for why those questions arise in the first place. I argue that the experience of coming out midlife exposes the fundamental ambiguity of sexuality; and has a significance that ranges beyond the particularity of the participants’ experiences and speaks to the limitations of the hegemonic sexual paradigm itself. Using the theoretical lens of three diverse conceptual approaches—the dynamic systems theory of sexual fluidity; liminality; and narrative identity—to illuminate their transition, I argue that the event of coming out midlife should be viewed not merely as an atypical experience, but rather we should ask what such events can tell us about women’s sexuality in particular, and the sexual paradigm more generally. I argue that women who come out midlife challenge those dominant discourses of sexuality that would entail that women who come out midlife were either in denial of their “true” sexuality throughout their adult lives; or that they are not really lesbian now. The experiences of the women I interviewed demonstrate the inadequacy of the sexual paradigm as a framework within which to understand and research the complexity of human sexuality; they also challenge hegemonic understandings of sexuality as innate and immutable. In this thesis, I explore that challenge.

'Anyone But England‘, Glasgow 2014 and the Independence Referendum: Exploring the Role of Narratives in the Sociological Study of Scottish Sport.

Drawing upon the findings of my MSc dissertation and the proposed methodology for my current PhD thesis, this paper will critically reflect upon the potential uses of narrative analysis within the sociological study of sport. The majority of this paper will consider the expression of anti-English sentiment by Scots in relation to both sporting and wider social contexts. Drawing upon the conceptual framework of ‘narrative identity’ proposed by Somers (1994), data was generated through semi-structured interviews focusing upon the ‘ontological’ and ‘public’ narratives of Scottish identity as expressed by Scots living in England. The relationship between Scotland and England is argued to be heavily influenced by the existence of an ‘underdog mentality’ grand ‘public narrative’ for Scots in relation to their English neighbours, based on perceived differences in economic and sporting resources. This ‘underdog mentality’ is argued to act as a legitimating force for the expression of anti-English sentiment within an individual’s ‘ontological narrative’ in both a sporting and wider social context. The paper concludes by reflecting upon the benefits of adopting a narrative analysis approach, and outlining the proposed use of similar methods within my PhD research on the 2014 Glasgow Commonwealth Games and the Scottish independence referendum.

Encountering the suffering other in illness narratives : between the memory of suffering and the suffering memory

Cette étude porte sur la dimension intersubjective de la souffrance qui affecte le rapport du souffrant à son corps, au temps et à l’espace vécus de même que son identité narrative et sa mémoire narrative. Mon argument principal est que la voix narrative constitue le rapport intersubjectif dans les récits de maladie que les proches écrivent sur leurs partenaires souffrant de cancer de cerveau ou de la maladie d’Alzheimer. Ma discussion est basée sur l’éthique, la phénoménologie, les théories de l’incorporation, les études des récits de vie, la sociologie et l’anthropologie médicales et la narratologie. L’objet de mon étude est l’expérience incorporée de la souffrance dans les récits de maladie et je me concentre sur la souffrance comme perte de la mémoire et du soi narratif. J’analyse le journal How Linda Died de Frank Davey et les mémoires de John Bayley, Iris: A Memoir of Iris Murdoch et Iris and Her Friends: A Memoir of Memory and Desire. J’explore comment les récits de maladie constituent le rapport éthique à l’Autre souffrant de la rupture de la mémoire. La discussion de la voix est située dans le contexte des récits de vie et se propose de dépasser les limites des approches sociologiques et anthropologiques de la voix dans les récits de maladie. Dans ce sens, dans un premier temps je porte mon attention sur des études narratologiques de la voix en indiquant leurs limites. Ma propre définition de la voix narrative est basée sur l’éthique dans la perspective d’Emmanuel Levinas et de Paul Ricœur, sur l’interprétation du temps, de la mémoire et de l’oubli chez St-Augustin et la discussion levinasienne de la constitution intersubjective du temps. J’avance l’idée que la “spontanéité bienveillante” (Ricœur, Soi-même comme un autre 222) articule la voix narrative et l’attention envers l’Autre souffrant qui ne peut plus se rappeler, ni raconter sa mémoire. En reformulant la définition augustinienne du temps qui met en corrélation les modes temporels avec la voix qui récite, j’avance l’idée que la voix est distendue entre la voix présente de la voix présente, la voix présente de la voix passée, la voix présente de la voix future. Je montre comment la voix du soignant est inscrite par et s’inscrit dans les interstices d’une voix interrompue, souffrante. Je définis les récits de vies comme des interfaces textuelles entre le soi et l’Autre, entre la voix du soi et la voix du souffrant, comme un mode de restaurer l’intégrité narrative de l’Autre.

Narrativité et temporalité dans la construction identitaire en contexte organisationnel

Cette thèse propose une contribution théorique et méthodologique pour l’étude de la constitution de l’identité dans les organisations. Elle présente le développement d’une conceptualisation originale du problème de la durée des identités, qui s’incarne à travers la tension stabilité-changement. L’identité, vue soit comme une réalité qui évolue au fil des changements, ou alors comme quelque chose qui perdure, est abondamment étudiée en communication organisationnelle. En effet, plusieurs auteurs mettent l’accent sur la dimension performative de l’identité au détriment de sa dimension stable et fixe. Je propose, dans cette thèse, que ces deux dimensions de l’identité sont l’objet d’une tension dialectique, et que la configuration et l’interprétation de narratifs identitaires par les individus en interaction permet d’effectuer la médiation entre ces deux aspects de l’identité (Ricoeur, 1990). La thèse s’efforce de montrer que la mise en tension des dimensions temporelles de l’identité permet par ailleurs de regarder la construction concomitante des identités personnelles, collectives et de l’organisation. À partir d’une méthode d’analyse élaborée à partir de la théorie de l’identité narrative de Paul Ricoeur (1990) et inspirée de l’analyse de conversation, je réalise une étude minutieuse de narratifs identitaires produits lors d’entrevues de groupe. Cette méthode a permis d’analyser simultanément et comme un tout le contenu textuel des narratifs ainsi que leur performance en contexte. Les données analysées proviennent d’un travail de recherche de terrain que j’ai réalisé en 2007 et 2008 auprès des employés de la division québécoise de la Gendarmerie royale du Canada.

Maurice Duplessis : mises en récit d'un personnage historique

Comme son titre l’indique, ce mémoire a pour objet une réflexion sur la mise en récit d’un personnage historique. Afin d’explorer l’évolution des points de vue sur un personnage historique (Maurice Duplessis) et l’époque à laquelle il est rattaché dans la mémoire collective (la Grande noirceur), ce travail s’appuiera sur la théorie de la biographie de François Dosse (Le pari biographique) ainsi que sur les mises en récit et le discours de trois auteurs différents. La première biographie analysée sera Maurice Duplessis et son temps, récit historique romancé et admiratif d’une figure quasi royale, écrit par Robert Rumilly, historien royaliste et disciple de Charles Maurras. La seconde biographie analysée sera Duplessis, le grand récit épique d’un conservateur illustre, écrit par Conrad Black, homme d’affaires et historien de sensibilité conservatrice. Finalement, la troisième biographie analysée sera la série télévisée Duplessis, écrite par Denys Arcand, présentant Duplessis comme l’incarnation tragique et séguiniste de la nation canadienne-française, lucide et désabusé par rapport à l’impasse historico-politique de son peuple. Pour compléter l’analyse, ce mémoire s’appuiera aussi sur la théorie de l’identité narrative de Paul Ricœur dans Soi-même comme un autre, Temps et récit et La mémoire, l’histoire, l’oubli, et sur la mise en récit et l’écriture même de l’histoire étudiée par Michel de Certeau dans L’écriture de l’histoire. À travers l’analyse de ces trois biographies, ce mémoire tentera de montrer l’évolution du rapport à la mémoire collective et les distinctions entre l’Histoire et la fiction.

Paul Ricoeur y Primo Levi : identidad narrativa y testimonio

En este texto se presenta y se discute el concepto de identidad narrativa y el testimonio concretamente a través de la filosofía del francés Paul Ricoeur y del Italiano Primo Levi. Comienzo por plantear el problema del cogito y la respuesta de Ricoeur con el concepto de atestación bosquejando la pregunta sobre el quién, que habla, narra o lee. Se Continúa con la dialéctica entre el idem y el ipse como dos formas de explicar la identidad. Esto lleva a trazar la identidad narrativa y las preguntas sobre ¿Quién narra? y ¿Quién lee? Así se va dilucidando mediante el texto de Levi la idea de catarsis o de evaluación tanto para el narrador como para el lector que en su texto o lectura, respectivamente, buscan un sentido para el acontecimiento. Al final y como síntesis entre el testimonio y la identidad narrativa se subraya la pregunta sobre ¿Quién es responsable? introduciendo el carácter ético de la identidad narrativa.

Narración, emociones e identidad. Una lectura epistemológica y hermenéutica

El propósito de este artículo es presentar tres argumentos en torno al papel que las emociones y los procesos de narración tienen en la construcción de la identidad moral. En primer lugar, se sugiere que la comprensión cartesiana de la identidad moderna rechaza el valor que las emociones y los sentimientos tienen en la formulación de juicios normativos. En este sentido, se argumentará que necesitamos una perspectiva epistemológica distinta. En segundo lugar, se revisará la relación existente entre la identidad narrativa y las tres formas de la mímesis en Tiempo y narración. Nuestro análisis tiene el propósito de mostrar la importancia que porque se argumentará que el punto de vista hermenéutico abre la puerta a un horizonte distinto de la acción humana que incluye las emociones y los sentimientos. Finalmente, se expondrá el concepto de frameworks en el pensamiento de Charles Taylor, por la siguiente razón: la noción frameworks nos proporciona un punto de articulación entre la cuestión de la identidad y la teoría hermenéutica sobre los conceptos mencionados y el sentido de la vida.---Narrative, emotions and identity. An epistemological and hermeneutical readingThe purpose of this article is to explain three arguments about the role that emotions and the process of narration have in the construction of moral identity. First, I suggest that Cartesian comprehension of modern identity rejects the value that emotions and feelings have in formulations of normative judgments. In this sense I will argue that we need a different epistemological perspective. Second, I will review the relation between narrative identity and the three forms of mimesis in Time and Narrative. Our inquiry into them has the purpose of showing the importance that they have in many basic fields of application in social science, because I consider that the hermeneutical point of view opens the gate to a comprehensive perspective of human action, and it includes emotions and feelings. Finally, I will expose the concept of “Frameworks” in Charles Taylor´s thought for the following reason: “Frameworks” provides a point of articulation between question of identity and hermeneutical theory about the emotions, feelings and meaning of live.Key words: narrative identity, hermeneutical theory, emotions, feelings, normative judgments---Narração, emoções e identidade. Uma leitura epistemológica e hermenêuticaO propósito deste artigo é apresentar três argumentos em torno ao papel que as emoções e os processos de narração têm na construção da identidade moral. Em primeiro lugar se sugere que a compreensão cartesiana da identidade moderna recusa o valor que as emoções e os sentimentos têm na formulação de juízos normativos. Neste sentido, se argumentará que necessitamos uma perspectiva epistemológica diferente. Em segundo lugar, se revisará a relação existente entre a identidade narrativa e as três formas da mimese em Tempo e narração. Nossa análise tem o propósito de mostrar a importância que estas noções têm em diferentes campos de aplicação das ciências sociais, porque se argumentará que o ponto de vista hermenêutico abre a porta a um horionte distinto da ação humana que inclui as emoções e os sentimentos. Finalmente, se exporá o conceito de frameworks no pensamento de Charles Taylor, pela seguinte razão: a noção frameworks nos proporciona um ponto de articulação entre a questão da identidade e a teoria hermenêutica sobre os conceitos mencionados e o sentido da vida.Palavras chave: Identidade narrativa, teoria hermenêutica, emoções, sentimentos, juízos normativos.

Między językiem a światem. O poezji Krystyny Miłobędzkiej

Wydział Filologii Polskiej i Klasycznej: Instytut Filologii Polskiej

Identidade, espaço e tempo: negociações de sentido sobre a "gente de rua"

This research examines the street children s identity construction processes. Recently, the research about this population has focused on the socialization processes that organize their everyday, their situations of interaction, the meanings of their social practices, their street experience. The concept of identitary forms gives coherence to the set of these phenomena, articulating them theoretically, in order to describe their life conditions and details of their trajectories. This research utilized an ethnographic approach with a group of 11 street people, 9 of them boys and girls 16-18 years old, during 3 months. It included participant observation, informal and formal interviews, that resulted in young s narratives of lifestory. These narratives were interpreted according to the principles of positioning analysis and the Labovian Analysis model of oral narratives of personal experience. The observation of interaction among the studied group and other groups has showed that their social practices, supported on many particular bodily technologies, recreate space and time of these interactions semantically, as mediation of meaning negotiations among groups. Such meanings transform again the environment of these interactions, disclosing interpretative systems by means of which the groups apprehend this interaction in a particular way. These street children s bodily technologies imply identitary forms based on scarcity and abandonment, paradoxicalally related to their self-concept. The analysis of narratives revealed diversity and complexity in the meanings assembly for their street experience; it showed that the semantic arrangements reconstruct the temporal experience, creating a moral climate for each lifestory, and determining more or less aperture of identitary forms to change. The study concludes that space and time, builders of interaction regimes, produce identitary forms; that the narratives and the social practices of the studied group are sustained upon a master discourse that opposes the meanings of the home and the life in the streets

Storie di vita e rivoluzione. Biografie e autobiografie di comunardi (1871-1886)

Nell'ambito di un'indagine sull'identità del rivoluzionario nel XIX secolo, calata tra gli attivisti coinvolti nella Comune di Parigi, si è trattato di selezionare quelle autobiografie scritte e pubblicate da comunardi come parte integrante della loro attività politica, e così porre il problema del rapporto tra pratica autobiografica e rivoluzione, ovvero chiarire le condizioni del passage au récit, la scelta autobiografica e insieme la mise en intrigue tra esperienze individuali e rivoluzione. Questa ricerca si presenta dunque come un lavoro sulle pratiche autobiografiche all'interno delle pratiche di attivismo politico, ovvero più specificamente sulla relazione tra autobiografia e rivoluzione. In altri termini si analizza il modo in cui i rivoluzionari narravano la loro identità in pubblico, perché lo avessero fatto e cosa veicolavo in termini di stili di vita e convinzioni particolari. In quanto rivoluzionari, l'autobiografia diviene fonte e parte di ciò che essi reputavano in quel momento la propria traiettoria rivoluzionaria, la narrazione di quella che in quel momento ritenevano comunicare al pubblico come propria identità narrativa. La ricerca si articola in tre momenti. Nel primo capitolo analizzo le biografie, o meglio un piccolo gruppo tra la massa di biografie di comunardi edite all'indomani della Comune da parte della pubblicistica tanto ostile quanto partigiana della Comune. Queste narrazioni biografiche diffuse nei mesi successivi alla repressione della rivoluzione comunalista consentono di affrontare una delle condizioni fondamentali del passage au récit autobiografico che si manifesterà solo posteriormente. Il secondo e il terzo capitolo sono dedicati a due progetti autobiografici di diversa natura: la trilogia autobiografica di Jules Vallès (1879, 1881, 1886) e le Mémoires di Louise Michel (1886).