Église Saint-Julien-le-Pauvre. Un Pilier d'une Colonne de la Nef, considéré comme un Chef-d'oeuvre de Sculpture

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F08028

Église Saint-Julien-le-Pauvre. Un pilier d'une Colonne de la Nef considéré comme un chef-d'oeuvre de sculpture, Paris

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F08031

The Nef protein of HIV-1 associates with rafts and primes T cells for activation

The Nef protein is an important virulence factor of primate lentiviruses, yet the mechanisms by which it exerts this influence are imperfectly understood. Here, using an inducible system, we demonstrate that Nef increases IL-2 secretion from T cells stimulated via CD3 or CD28. This effect requires the conservation of the Nef myristoylation signal and SH3-binding proline-based motif. Together with several proteins involved in the initiation and propagation of T cell signaling, Nef associates with membrane microdomains known as rafts. The Nef-mediated superinduction of IL-2 reflects the activation of both NFAT and NFκB. Accordingly, Nef also enhances HIV-1 transcription in response to CD3 or CD28 stimulation. Nef-induced IL-2 hyperresponsiveness is also observed in primary CD4 lymphocytes. Overall, these data suggest that Nef acts at the level of rafts to prime T cells for activation. Likely consequences of this effect are the promotion of HIV-1 replication and the facilitation of virus spread.

Comparative interleukin (IL-2)/interferon IFN-gamma and IL-4/IL-10 responses during acute infection of macaques inoculated with attenuated nef-truncated or pathogenic SICmac251 virus.

Comparison of immune responses to infection by a pathogenic or a nonpathogenic immunodeficiency virus in macaques may provide insights into pathogenetic events leading to simian AIDS. This work is aimed at exploring cytokine expression during infection by simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). We used semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR to monitor interleukin (IL)-2/interferon (IFN)-gamma (Th1-like), and IL-4/IL-10 (Th2-like) expression in unmanipulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), during the acute phase of infection of eight cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) with a pathogenic primary isolate of SIVmac251 (full-length nef), and of four other cynomolgus macaques by an attenuated molecular clone of SIVmac251 (nef-truncated). All the monkeys became infected, as clearly shown by the presence of infected PBMCs and by seroconversion. Nevertheless, PBMC-associated virus loads and p27 antigenemia in monkeys infected by the attenuated virus clone remained lower than those observed in animals infected with the pathogenic SIVmac251 isolate. A rise of IL-10 mRNA expression occurred in both groups of monkeys coincident with the peak of viral replication. In monkeys infected with the pathogenic SIVmac251, IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma mRNAs were either weakly detectable or undetectable. On the contrary, animals infected by the attenuated virus exhibited an overexpression of these cytokine mRNAs during the first weeks after inoculation. The lack of expression of these cytokines in monkeys infected with the pathogenic primary isolate may reflect early immunodeficiency.

Une etude symphonique d'après "La nef" /

"D'après 'La nef' d'Elémir Bourges."

The Burghley Nef

1 ft. 1 45/64 in.x 8 3/16 in.x 4 51/64 in.; nautilus shell with parcel-gilt silver mounts, raised, chased, engraved and cast, and pearls.

The Burghley Nef: close view

nautilus shell with parcel-gilt silver mounts, raised, chased, engraved and cast, and pearls.

Des conditions de la peinture en France et des peintures murales de M. Hippolyte Flandrin dans la nef de Saint-Germain-des-Prés.

Mode of access: Internet.

Nef

Ermonia Vivarini, attributed to; 1 ft. 1 25/64 in.x 8 55/64 in.; glass, trailed

Étude du rôle de nef dans l'altération de la transduction du signal chez les souris transgéniques CD4C/HIV NEF

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.